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A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any ro … A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any road vehicle that can utilize an external source of electricity (such as a wall socket that connects to the power grid) to store electrical power within its onboard rechargeable battery packs, which then powers the electric motor and contributes to propelling the wheels. PEV is a subset of electric vehicles, and includes all-electric/battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs). Sales of the first series production plug-in cars began in December 2008 with the introduction of the plug-in hybrid BYD F3DM, and then with the all-electric Mitsubishi i-MiEV in July 2009, but global retail sales only gained traction after the introduction of the mass production all-electric Nissan Leaf and the plug-in hybrid Chevrolet Volt in December 2010. Plug-in electric cars have several benefits compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. All-electric vehicles have lower operating and maintenance costs, and produce little or no local air pollution, thus (depending on the electricity source) reducing societal dependence on fossil fuels and significantly decreasing greenhouse gas emissions, but take time to recharge and are heavily reliant on sufficient charging infrastructures to remain operationally practical. Plug-in hybrids provide most of electric cars' benefits when they are operating in all-electric mode, though typically having shorter all-electric ranges, but have the auxiliary option of driving as a conventional hybrid vehicle when the battery is low, using its internal combustion engine (usually a gasoline engine) to alleviate the range anxiety that accompanies current electric cars. Cumulative global sales of highway legal plug-in electric passenger cars and light utility vehicles achieved the 1 million unit mark in September 2015, 5 million in December 2018. and the 10 million unit milestone in 2020. Despite the rapid growth experienced, however, the stock of plug-in electric cars represented just 1% of all passengers vehicles on the world's roads by the end of 2020, of which pure electrics constituted two thirds. As of June 2021, the Tesla Model 3 ranked as the world's top selling highway-capable plug-in electric car in history, and also was the first electric car to achieve global sales of more than 1,000,000 units, The Mitsubishi Outlander P-HEV is the world's all-time best selling plug-in hybrid, with global sales of around 300,000 units through January 2022. As of December 2021, China had the world's largest stock of highway legal plug-in electric passenger cars with 7.84 million units, representing 46% of the world's stock of plug-in cars. Europe ranked next with about 5.6 million light-duty plug-in cars and vans at the end of 2021, accounting for around 32% of the global stock. The U.S. cumulative sales totaled about 2.32 million plug-in cars through December 2021. As of July 2021, Germany is the leading European country with cumulative sales of 1 million plug-in vehicles on the road, and also has led the continent plug-in sales since 2019. Norway has the highest market penetration per capita in the world, and also achieved in 2021 the world's largest annual plug-in market share ever registered, 86.2% of new car sales.e ever registered, 86.2% of new car sales.
, المركبة الكهربائية القابلة للشحن الخارجي، … المركبة الكهربائية القابلة للشحن الخارجي، أي مركبة من مركبات الطرق والتي يمكن إعادة شحنها من مصدر كهرباء خارجي، مثل مقابس الحائط، والكهرباء المخزنة في حزم البطاريات القابلة لإعادة الشحن التي تساهم في دفع العجلات. المركبات الكهربائية القابلة للشحن مجموعة فرعية من المركبات الكهربائية التي تشمل السيارات الكهربائية بالكامل أو السيارات الكهربائية التي تعمل بالبطاريات والمركبات الهجينة القابلة للشحن الخارجي. تُصنف المركبات الكهربائية القابلة للشحن الخارجي على أنها مركبات طاقة جديدة. بدأت مبيعات الإنتاج الضخم من السيارات القابلة للشحن الخارجي من قبل شركات صناعة السيارات الكبرى في أواخر ديسمبر 2010، مع تقديم نيسان ليف الكهربائية بالكامل وشيفروليه فولت الهجينة القابلة للشحن. تتمتع السيارات الموصولة بالكهرباء بالعديد من الفوائد مقارنة بالمركبات ذات محرك الاحتراق الداخلي التقليدية. تتميز المركبات الكهربائية بالكامل بتكاليف تشغيل وصيانة أقل، وتتسبب بنسبة أقل من تلوث الهواء المحلي أو قد لا ينتج عنها تلوث على الإطلاق، إذ تقلل الاعتماد على البترول وقد تقلل بشكل كبير من انبعاثات غازات الاحتباس الحراري، اعتمادًا على الكهرباء. تستحوذ المركبات الهجينة القابلة للشحن الخارجي على معظم هذه الفوائد عندما تعمل في الوضع الكهربائي الكامل. حققت المبيعات العالمية التراكمية لسيارات الركاب القانونية الكهربائية القابلة للشحن، والمركبات الخفيفة متعددة الأغراض علامة المليون وحدة في سبتمبر 2015، و5 ملايين في ديسمبر 2018، و10 ملايين وحدة في عام 2020. لم يمثل قطاع السيارات الكهربائية القابلة للشحن- على الرغم من النمو السريع الذي نشهده- سوى 1 من كل 200 مركبة بمحرك (0.48%) على طرق العالم بحلول نهاية عام 2019، والتي شكلت الكهرباء النقية 0.32% منها. أُدرجت تسلا مودل 3 كأكثر سيارة كهربائية مبيعًا في العالم من ناحية أهليّتها على الطرق السريعة خلال التاريخ، مع مبيعات عالمية بلغت أكثر من 800000 وحدة منذ إنشاءها، تليها نيسان ليف التي بلغت مبيعاتها 500000 وحدة بحلول ديسمبر 2020. تعدّ ميتسوبيشي أوتلاندر PHEV السيارة الهجينة الأكثر مبيعًا على الإطلاق في العالم، إذ بلغت مبيعاتها العالمية 270,000 وحدة حتى ديسمبر 2020. احتوت الصين على أكبر مخزون في العالم من سيارات الركاب القانونية الكهربائية القابلة للشحن والمعدة للطرق السريعة، إذ بلغ عددها 4.5 مليون وحدة بحلول ديسمبر 2020، ممثلة 42% من المخزون العالمي من السيارات الكهربائية القابلة للشحن. احتلت أوروبا المرتبة التالية بأكثر من 3.2 مليون سيارة ركاب قابلة للشحن مع نهاية عام 2020، أي ما يمثل حوالي 30% من المخزون العالمي. بلغ إجمالي المبيعات التراكمية للولايات المتحدة حوالي 1.8 مليون سيارة قابلة للشحن بحلول ديسمبر 2020. أصبحت ألمانيا اعتبارًا من ديسمبر 2020 الدولة الأوروبية الرائدة، إذ بلغت مبيعاتها التراكمية حوالي 700000 من السيارات القابلة للشحن والمسجلة منذ عام 2010، كما أنها قادت المبيعات في القارة في عامي 2019 و2020. تتمتع النرويج بأعلى معدل نفاذ إلى السوق بالنسبة للفرد في العالم، وحققت أيضًا في عام 2020 أكبر حصة سوقية سنوية مسجلة في السوق للمنتجات القابلة للشحن على الإطلاق، ما يقارب 75% من مبيعات السيارات الجديدة. أصبحت النرويج في أكتوبر 2018، أول دولة تكون فيها كل سيارة من عشر سيارات مسجلة هي سيارة كهربائية قابلة للشحن، وقد تجاوز مخزونها الإضافي المستخدم 15% في عام 2020. مخزونها الإضافي المستخدم 15% في عام 2020.
, 充电式电动车辆（英語：plug-in electric vehicles, 缩写: … 充电式电动车辆（英語：plug-in electric vehicles, 缩写: PEVs）是一种可以通过外界电源（比如墙上插座）充电的机动车。车载的蓄电池提供车辆运行所需的全部或部分动力。充电式电动车辆是电动车的一种，其中包括纯电动车（all-electric or battery electric vehicles, BEVs）、 充电式混合动力车辆（plug-in hybrid vehicles, PHEVs）、 经过改良的混合动力汽车或传统内燃机车。 相比于传统内燃机车， 充电式混合动力车辆有很多好处。
* 纯电动车的运行和保养的成本比较低、可以减少当地的空气污染、减少对石油的依赖、并且可能减少温室气体的排放（取决于当地发电技术和燃料）。 但纯电动车充电时间较长，且需要充足的充电设施以保证其实用性。
* 充电式混合动力车辆在全电动模式下运行时，也有纯电动车的大部分优势。虽然充电式混合动力车辆在全电动模式下的续航里程有限，但电池电量低时，可以转为内燃机发动，与传统混合动力车相似，因此续航焦虑可能较少。 截至2021年12月，中国充电式电动车保有量为 780 万辆，占全球插电式汽车保有量的47.5%；欧洲排名第二，约有 550 万辆，占全球存量约 33.5%；美国约 200 万辆，占全球存量约 12%；其他国家一共占全球存量约7%。近年来，充电式电动车保有量快速增加，从2016年的200万，增长到2021年的1600万。2021年，全球汽车销量的近 10% 是充电式电动车，是 2019 年市场份额的四倍。但在中国以外的发展中国家，充电式电动车销量依然很低，比如在巴西、印度和印度尼西亚，2021年汽车销量中，电动车只占不到 0.5% 。 部分国家和政府制定了税收抵免、补贴、和其他鼓励机制，以鼓励充电式电动车辆。政府补贴是电动车数量增长的一大原因。2021年，电动汽车补贴的公共支出相较2020年几乎增长了一倍，达到近 300 亿美元。21年，电动汽车补贴的公共支出相较2020年几乎增长了一倍，达到近 300 亿美元。
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充电式电动车辆（英語：plug-in electric vehicles, 缩写: … 充电式电动车辆（英語：plug-in electric vehicles, 缩写: PEVs）是一种可以通过外界电源（比如墙上插座）充电的机动车。车载的蓄电池提供车辆运行所需的全部或部分动力。充电式电动车辆是电动车的一种，其中包括纯电动车（all-electric or battery electric vehicles, BEVs）、 充电式混合动力车辆（plug-in hybrid vehicles, PHEVs）、 经过改良的混合动力汽车或传统内燃机车。 相比于传统内燃机车， 充电式混合动力车辆有很多好处。
* 纯电动车的运行和保养的成本比较低、可以减少当地的空气污染、减少对石油的依赖、并且可能减少温室气体的排放（取决于当地发电技术和燃料）。 但纯电动车充电时间较长，且需要充足的充电设施以保证其实用性。
* 充电式混合动力车辆在全电动模式下运行时，也有纯电动车的大部分优势。虽然充电式混合动力车辆在全电动模式下的续航里程有限，但电池电量低时，可以转为内燃机发动，与传统混合动力车相似，因此续航焦虑可能较少。 部分国家和政府制定了税收抵免、补贴、和其他鼓励机制，以鼓励充电式电动车辆。政府补贴是电动车数量增长的一大原因。2021年，电动汽车补贴的公共支出相较2020年几乎增长了一倍，达到近 300 亿美元。21年，电动汽车补贴的公共支出相较2020年几乎增长了一倍，达到近 300 亿美元。
, A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any ro … A plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) is any road vehicle that can utilize an external source of electricity (such as a wall socket that connects to the power grid) to store electrical power within its onboard rechargeable battery packs, which then powers the electric motor and contributes to propelling the wheels. PEV is a subset of electric vehicles, and includes all-electric/battery electric vehicles (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs). Sales of the first series production plug-in cars began in December 2008 with the introduction of the plug-in hybrid BYD F3DM, and then with the all-electric Mitsubishi i-MiEV in July 2009, but global retail sales only gained traction after the introduction of the mass production all-electric Nissan Leaf and the plug-in hybrid Chevrolet Volt in Decembee plug-in hybrid Chevrolet Volt in Decembe
, المركبة الكهربائية القابلة للشحن الخارجي، … المركبة الكهربائية القابلة للشحن الخارجي، أي مركبة من مركبات الطرق والتي يمكن إعادة شحنها من مصدر كهرباء خارجي، مثل مقابس الحائط، والكهرباء المخزنة في حزم البطاريات القابلة لإعادة الشحن التي تساهم في دفع العجلات. المركبات الكهربائية القابلة للشحن مجموعة فرعية من المركبات الكهربائية التي تشمل السيارات الكهربائية بالكامل أو السيارات الكهربائية التي تعمل بالبطاريات والمركبات الهجينة القابلة للشحن الخارجي.ت والمركبات الهجينة القابلة للشحن الخارجي.
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, مركبات كهربائية قابلة للشحن الخارجي
, Plug-in electric vehicle
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