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Amerika Serikat adalah produsen bahan baka … Amerika Serikat adalah produsen bahan bakar etanol terbesar di dunia sejak tahun 2005. Amerika Serikat memproduksi 13,2 miliar galon AS bahan bakar etanol pada tahun 2010, dan bersama dengan Brasil, kedua negara ini adalah produsen 88% etanol dunia pada tahun itu. Bahan bakar etanol di Amerika Serikat umumnya digunakan sebagai oksigenat bensin dalam campuran rendah sampai 10%. Sebagian lagi digunakan untuk bahan bakar E85 yang digunakan oleh kendaraan bahan bakar fleksibel. Pada tahun 2009, dari semua etanol yang dikonsumsi, 99%nya dipakai dalam bentuk gasohol. Kebanyakan bahan bakar etanol di Amerika Serikat menggunakan jagung sebagai bahan pokoknya.menggunakan jagung sebagai bahan pokoknya.
, The United States became the world's large … The United States became the world's largest producer of ethanol fuel in 2005. The U.S. produced 15.8 billion U.S. liquid gallons of ethanol fuel in 2019, and 13.9 billion U.S. liquid gallons (52.6 billion liters) in 2011, an increase from 13.2 billion U.S. liquid gallons (49.2 billion liters) in 2010, and up from 1.63 billion gallons in 2000. Brazil and U.S. production accounted for 87.1% of global production in 2011. In the U.S, ethanol fuel is mainly used as an oxygenate in gasoline in the form of low-level blends up to 10 percent, and, increasingly, as E85 fuel for flex-fuel vehicles. The U.S. government subsidizes ethanol production. The ethanol market share in the U.S. gasoline supply grew by volume from just over 1 percent in 2000 to more than 3 percent in 2006 to 10 percent in 2011. Domestic production capacity increased fifteen times after 1990, from 900 million US gallons to 1.63 billion US gal in 2000, to 13.5 billion US gallons in 2010. The Renewable Fuels Association reported 209 ethanol distilleries in operation located in 29 states in 2011. By 2011 most cars on U.S. roads could run on blends of up to 10% ethanol(E10), and manufacturers had begun producing vehicles designed for much higher percentages. However, the fuel systems of cars, trucks, and motorcycles sold before the ethanol mandate may suffer substantial damage from the use of 10% ethanol blends. Flexible-fuel cars, trucks, and minivans use gasoline/ethanol blends ranging from pure gasoline up to 85% ethanol (E85). By early 2013 there were around 11 million E85-capable vehicles on U.S. roads. Regular use of E85 is low due to lack of fueling infrastructure, but is common in the Midwest. In January 2011 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) granted a waiver to allow up to 15% of ethanol blended with gasoline (E15) to be sold only for cars and light pickup trucks with a model year of 2001 or later. The EPA waiver authorizes, but does not require stations to offer E15. Like the limitations suffered by sales of E85, commercialization of E15 is constrained by the lack of infrastructure as most fuel stations do not have enough pumps to offer the new E15 blend, few existing pumps are certified to dispense E15, and no dedicated tanks are readily available to store E15. Historically most U.S. ethanol has come from corn, and the required electricity for many distilleries came mainly from coal. There is a debate about ethanol's sustainability and environmental impact. The primary issues related to the large amount of arable land required for crops and ethanol production's impact on grain supply, indirect land use change (ILUC) effects, as well as issues regarding its energy balance and carbon intensity considering its full life cycle.intensity considering its full life cycle.
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Amerika Serikat adalah produsen bahan baka … Amerika Serikat adalah produsen bahan bakar etanol terbesar di dunia sejak tahun 2005. Amerika Serikat memproduksi 13,2 miliar galon AS bahan bakar etanol pada tahun 2010, dan bersama dengan Brasil, kedua negara ini adalah produsen 88% etanol dunia pada tahun itu. Bahan bakar etanol di Amerika Serikat umumnya digunakan sebagai oksigenat bensin dalam campuran rendah sampai 10%. Sebagian lagi digunakan untuk bahan bakar E85 yang digunakan oleh kendaraan bahan bakar fleksibel. Pada tahun 2009, dari semua etanol yang dikonsumsi, 99%nya dipakai dalam bentuk gasohol. Kebanyakan bahan bakar etanol di Amerika Serikat menggunakan jagung sebagai bahan pokoknya.menggunakan jagung sebagai bahan pokoknya.
, The United States became the world's large … The United States became the world's largest producer of ethanol fuel in 2005. The U.S. produced 15.8 billion U.S. liquid gallons of ethanol fuel in 2019, and 13.9 billion U.S. liquid gallons (52.6 billion liters) in 2011, an increase from 13.2 billion U.S. liquid gallons (49.2 billion liters) in 2010, and up from 1.63 billion gallons in 2000. Brazil and U.S. production accounted for 87.1% of global production in 2011. In the U.S, ethanol fuel is mainly used as an oxygenate in gasoline in the form of low-level blends up to 10 percent, and, increasingly, as E85 fuel for flex-fuel vehicles. The U.S. government subsidizes ethanol production. government subsidizes ethanol production.
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Bahan bakar etanol di Amerika Serikat
, Ethanol fuel in the United States
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http://dbpedia.org/resource/Indirect_land_use_change_impacts_of_biofuels +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Flexible-fuel_vehicles +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Issues_relating_to_biofuels +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_United_States +
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