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La computazione naturale nel senso più com … La computazione naturale nel senso più comune del termine è un sotto-campo dell'informatica e più in particolare dell'intelligenza artificiale, che si occupa dello sviluppo di tecnologie e modelli computazionali ispirati alle metodiche che la natura ha raffinato nel corso dei millenni e sulle quali l'uomo non ha ancora trovato soluzioni adeguate. Più di rado il termine è utilizzato per definire i casi in cui particolari tecniche di computazione sono state pensate per avere come oggetto lo studio e la sintesi di fenomeni naturali oppure per definire tecniche computazionali che prevedono lo sfruttamento di elementi naturali (es. molecole).mento di elementi naturali (es. molecole).
, Computação natural é um ramo da ciência da … Computação natural é um ramo da ciência da computação destinado a estudar, compreender e aplicar, padrões complexos encontrados na natureza, utilizando-os como base para resolução de problemas, desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e aperfeiçoamento de sistemas já existentes. Dentre as tecnologias criadas tendo como base conceitos encontrados na natureza, podemos citar o velcro (plantas), sonares (morcegos), submarinos (peixes), entre outros. Além de exemplos práticos, a observação da natureza permitiu também o desenvolvimento de teorias a respeito de como a natureza opera, como, por exemplo, as leis da termodinâmica. Computação natural nada mais é do que uma versão computacional do processo citado anteriormente, em que ideias são obtidas através da observação da natureza.obtidas através da observação da natureza.
, L'informatique naturelle, également appelé … L'informatique naturelle, également appelée calcul naturel (ou natural computing d'après le terme anglais) est une notion introduite pour englober trois classes de méthodes : celles qui s'inspirent de la nature pour le développement de nouvelles techniques de résolution de problèmes; celles qui reposent sur l'utilisation d'ordinateurs pour synthétiser des phénomènes naturels; et enfin celles qui utilisent des matériaux naturels (par exemple, des molécules) pour effectuer des calculs.des molécules) pour effectuer des calculs.
, Естественная информатика — это научное нап … Естественная информатика — это научное направление, изучающее процессы обработки информации, протекающие в природе, мозге и человеческом обществе. Она опирается на такие классические научные направления, как теории эволюции, морфогенеза и биологии развития, системные исследования, исследования мозга, ДНК, иммунной системы и клеточных мембран, теория менеджмента и группового поведения, история и другие. Вторичной задачей этого направления является реализация полученных знаний в технических системах. Промежуточное место между этими двумя подходами занимает компьютерное моделирование естественных информационных процессов. Кибернетика, определяемая, как «наука об общих закономерностях процессов управления и передачи информации в различных системах, будь то машины, живые организмы или общество» представляет собой близкое, но несколько иное научное направление. Так же, как математика и основная часть современной информатики, оно вряд ли может быть отнесено к области естественных наук, так как резко отличается от них своей методологией. (Несмотря на широчайшее применение в современных естественных науках математического и компьютерного моделирования.)атического и компьютерного моделирования.)
, Natural computing, also called natural com … Natural computing, also called natural computation, is a terminology introduced to encompass three classes of methods: 1) those that take inspiration from nature for the development of novel problem-solving techniques; 2) those that are based on the use of computers to synthesize natural phenomena; and 3) those that employ natural materials (e.g., molecules) to compute. The main fields of research that compose these three branches are artificial neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, artificial immune systems, fractal geometry, artificial life, DNA computing, and quantum computing, among others. Computational paradigms studied by natural computing are abstracted from natural phenomena as diverse as self-replication, the functioning of the brain, Darwinian evolution, group behavior, the immune system, the defining properties of life forms, cell membranes, and morphogenesis. Besides traditional electronic hardware, these computational paradigms can be implemented on alternative physical media such as biomolecules (DNA, RNA), or trapped-ion devices. Dually, one can view processes occurring in nature as information processing. Such processes include self-assembly, developmental processes, gene regulation networks, protein–protein interaction networks, biological transport (active transport, passive transport) networks, and in unicellular organisms. Efforts tounderstand biological systems also include engineering of semi-synthetic organisms, and understanding the universe itself from the point of view of information processing. Indeed, the idea was even advanced that information is more fundamental than matter or energy. The Zuse-Fredkin thesis, dating back to the 1960s, states that the entire universe is a huge cellular automaton which continuously updates its rules.Recently it has been suggested that the whole universe is a quantum computer that computes its own behaviour.The universe/nature as computational mechanism is addressed by, exploring nature with help the ideas of computability, and studying natural processes as computations (information processing). as computations (information processing).
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Natural computing, also called natural com … Natural computing, also called natural computation, is a terminology introduced to encompass three classes of methods: 1) those that take inspiration from nature for the development of novel problem-solving techniques; 2) those that are based on the use of computers to synthesize natural phenomena; and 3) those that employ natural materials (e.g., molecules) to compute. The main fields of research that compose these three branches are artificial neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, artificial immune systems, fractal geometry, artificial life, DNA computing, and quantum computing, among others.ting, and quantum computing, among others.
, Естественная информатика — это научное нап … Естественная информатика — это научное направление, изучающее процессы обработки информации, протекающие в природе, мозге и человеческом обществе. Она опирается на такие классические научные направления, как теории эволюции, морфогенеза и биологии развития, системные исследования, исследования мозга, ДНК, иммунной системы и клеточных мембран, теория менеджмента и группового поведения, история и другие. Вторичной задачей этого направления является реализация полученных знаний в технических системах. Промежуточное место между этими двумя подходами занимает компьютерное моделирование естественных информационных процессов.ние естественных информационных процессов.
, La computazione naturale nel senso più com … La computazione naturale nel senso più comune del termine è un sotto-campo dell'informatica e più in particolare dell'intelligenza artificiale, che si occupa dello sviluppo di tecnologie e modelli computazionali ispirati alle metodiche che la natura ha raffinato nel corso dei millenni e sulle quali l'uomo non ha ancora trovato soluzioni adeguate. non ha ancora trovato soluzioni adeguate.
, L'informatique naturelle, également appelé … L'informatique naturelle, également appelée calcul naturel (ou natural computing d'après le terme anglais) est une notion introduite pour englober trois classes de méthodes : celles qui s'inspirent de la nature pour le développement de nouvelles techniques de résolution de problèmes; celles qui reposent sur l'utilisation d'ordinateurs pour synthétiser des phénomènes naturels; et enfin celles qui utilisent des matériaux naturels (par exemple, des molécules) pour effectuer des calculs.des molécules) pour effectuer des calculs.
, Computação natural é um ramo da ciência da … Computação natural é um ramo da ciência da computação destinado a estudar, compreender e aplicar, padrões complexos encontrados na natureza, utilizando-os como base para resolução de problemas, desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias e aperfeiçoamento de sistemas já existentes. Dentre as tecnologias criadas tendo como base conceitos encontrados na natureza, podemos citar o velcro (plantas), sonares (morcegos), submarinos (peixes), entre outros. Além de exemplos práticos, a observação da natureza permitiu também o desenvolvimento de teorias a respeito de como a natureza opera, como, por exemplo, as leis da termodinâmica. Computação natural nada mais é do que uma versão computacional do processo citado anteriormente, em que ideias são obtidas através da observação da natureza.obtidas através da observação da natureza.
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Естественная информатика
, Computação natural
, Natural computing
, Informatique naturelle
, Computazione naturale
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