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تجارب غير أخلاقية في الولايات المتحدة يصف … تجارب غير أخلاقية في الولايات المتحدة يصف العديد من التجارب التي أجريت على البشر في الولايات المتحدة والتي تعتبر غير أخلاقية، وغالبا كانت تؤدى بطريقة غير مشروعة دون المعرفة، أو الموافقة من الأشخاص المعرضين للتجارب. مثل هذه التجارب قد حدثت على مدار التاريخ الأمريكي، ولكن بشكل خاص في القرن ال20. تشمل التجارب: تعرض الناس إلى الأسلحة الكيميائية والبيولوجية (بما في ذلك عدوى البشر بالأمراض القاتلة والمُنهكة)، والتجارب الإشعاعية على البشر، وحقنهم بكيماويات سامة ومشعة، وتجارب جراحية، والإستجواب وتجارب التعذيب، وتجارب تتضمن مواد مسببة للهلوسة، ومجموعة أخرى واسعة. العديد من هذه الاختبارات أجريت على الأطفال، والمرضى والمعوقين ذهنيا، في كثير من الأحيان تحت ستار «العلاج الطبي». في العديد من الدراسات، جزء كبير من الخاضعين للدراسة كانوا فقراء أو من الأقليات العرقية أو السجناء. تم توفير تمويل العديد من التجارب من قبل حكومة الولايات المتحدة، وخاصة القوات المسلحة الأمريكية، ووكالة المخابرات المركزية، أو الشركات الخاصة المشاركة مع الأنشطة العسكرية. البرامج البحثية البشرية عادة سرية جدا، وفي حالات كثيرة لم يفرج عن معلومات عنها حتى بعد سنوات عديدة من إجراء الدراسات. كانت الآثار الأخلاقية، والمهنية، والقانونية المترتبة على هذا في المجتمع الطبي والعلمي في الولايات المتحدة كبيرة جدا، مما أدى إلى إنشاء العديد من المؤسسات والسياسات التي تحاول ضمان أن مستقبل الأبحاث العلمية على البشر في الولايات المتحدة سيكون أخلاقي وقانوني. الغضب الشعبي في أواخر القرن 20 بعد اكتشاف تجارب الحكومة على البشر أدى إلى العديد من تحقيقات الكونغرس وجلسات الاستماع، بما في ذلك لجنة الكنيسة ولجنة روكفلر، في عامي 1975 و1994. اللجنة الاستشارية بشأن التجارب الإشعاعية على الإنسان، من بين أمور أخرى.ب الإشعاعية على الإنسان، من بين أمور أخرى.
, 在美國境內曾有過數次公認有違醫學倫理的人體試驗，包括：人体接触致命放射性物质实验、人 … 在美國境內曾有過數次公認有違醫學倫理的人體試驗，包括：人体接触致命放射性物质实验、人体暴露生物武器和化學武器实验、外科實驗、拷問實驗、涉及精神藥品的實驗等等。实验常被披上「藥物治療」的外衣。一些实验甚至利用兒童、病人或精神病人作为研究对象，而大部分实验对象是穷人、不同膚色的人種、罪犯等等。这些实验通常没有事先获得受試者的知情同意。 很多研究由美國政府机构，尤其是中央情報局、美國軍隊或聯邦政府提供資金。這些研究項目通常是高度保密的，直到研究的多年後才被公開。 這些实验的合法性、專業性和正當性問題引起了美國醫學和科學社群的高度关注，促成了很多機構的形成与一些新政策的制定。公眾在得知人體實驗真相后後的強烈抗議，引起了美國國會的多次調查和聽證會，包括丘奇委員會、洛克菲勒委員會和人體放射性實驗諮詢委員會等。國會的多次調查和聽證會，包括丘奇委員會、洛克菲勒委員會和人體放射性實驗諮詢委員會等。
, Numerous experiments which are performed o … Numerous experiments which are performed on human test subjects in the United States are considered unethical, because they are performed without the knowledge or informed consent of the test subjects. Such tests have been performed throughout American history, but some of them are ongoing. The experiments include the exposure of humans to many chemical and biological weapons (including infections with deadly or debilitating diseases), human radiation experiments, injections of toxic and radioactive chemicals, surgical experiments, interrogation and torture experiments, tests which involve mind-altering substances, and a wide variety of other experiments. Many of these tests are performed on children, the sick, and mentally disabled individuals, often under the guise of "medical treatment". In many of the studies, a large portion of the subjects were poor, racial minorities, or prisoners. Many of these experiments violated US law. Some others were sponsored by government agencies or rogue elements thereof, including the Centers for Disease Control, the United States military, and the Central Intelligence Agency, or they were sponsored by private corporations which were involved in military activities. The human research programs were usually highly secretive and performed without the knowledge or authorization of Congress, and in many cases information about them was not released until many years after the studies had been performed. The ethical, professional, and legal implications of this in the United States medical and scientific community were quite significant, and led to many institutions and policies that attempted to ensure that future human subject research in the United States would be ethical and legal. Public outrage in the late 20th century over the discovery of government experiments on human subjects led to numerous congressional investigations and hearings, including the Church Committee and Rockefeller Commission, both of 1975, and the 1994 Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, among others.Human Radiation Experiments, among others.
, このアメリカ合衆国における人体実験の項目では、アメリカ合衆国における非倫理的または同意のないまたは違法な人体実験について記述する。 「非倫理的な人体実験#アメリカ」も参照
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April 2021
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... it was fun, fun, fun. Where else could a red-blooded American boy lie, kill, cheat, steal, rape and pillage with the sanction and bidding of the All-highest?
, It is desired that no document be released which refers to experiments with humans and might have adverse effect on public opinion or result in legal suits. Documents covering such work should be classified 'secret'.
, The frequent screams of the patients that echoed through the hospital did not deter Cameron or most of his associates in their attempts to depattern their subjects completely.
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Not clear that this is a reliable source
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— John D. Marks, The Search for the Manchurian Candidate, Chapter 8
, --04-17
, — George Hunter White, who oversaw drug experiments for the CIA as part of Operation Midnight Climax
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25.0
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| rdfs:comment |
تجارب غير أخلاقية في الولايات المتحدة يصف … تجارب غير أخلاقية في الولايات المتحدة يصف العديد من التجارب التي أجريت على البشر في الولايات المتحدة والتي تعتبر غير أخلاقية، وغالبا كانت تؤدى بطريقة غير مشروعة دون المعرفة، أو الموافقة من الأشخاص المعرضين للتجارب. مثل هذه التجارب قد حدثت على مدار التاريخ الأمريكي، ولكن بشكل خاص في القرن ال20. تم توفير تمويل العديد من التجارب من قبل حكومة الولايات المتحدة، وخاصة القوات المسلحة الأمريكية، ووكالة المخابرات المركزية، أو الشركات الخاصة المشاركة مع الأنشطة العسكرية. البرامج البحثية البشرية عادة سرية جدا، وفي حالات كثيرة لم يفرج عن معلومات عنها حتى بعد سنوات عديدة من إجراء الدراسات.نها حتى بعد سنوات عديدة من إجراء الدراسات.
, 在美國境內曾有過數次公認有違醫學倫理的人體試驗，包括：人体接触致命放射性物质实验、人 … 在美國境內曾有過數次公認有違醫學倫理的人體試驗，包括：人体接触致命放射性物质实验、人体暴露生物武器和化學武器实验、外科實驗、拷問實驗、涉及精神藥品的實驗等等。实验常被披上「藥物治療」的外衣。一些实验甚至利用兒童、病人或精神病人作为研究对象，而大部分实验对象是穷人、不同膚色的人種、罪犯等等。这些实验通常没有事先获得受試者的知情同意。 很多研究由美國政府机构，尤其是中央情報局、美國軍隊或聯邦政府提供資金。這些研究項目通常是高度保密的，直到研究的多年後才被公開。 這些实验的合法性、專業性和正當性問題引起了美國醫學和科學社群的高度关注，促成了很多機構的形成与一些新政策的制定。公眾在得知人體實驗真相后後的強烈抗議，引起了美國國會的多次調查和聽證會，包括丘奇委員會、洛克菲勒委員會和人體放射性實驗諮詢委員會等。國會的多次調查和聽證會，包括丘奇委員會、洛克菲勒委員會和人體放射性實驗諮詢委員會等。
, このアメリカ合衆国における人体実験の項目では、アメリカ合衆国における非倫理的または同意のないまたは違法な人体実験について記述する。 「非倫理的な人体実験#アメリカ」も参照
, Numerous experiments which are performed o … Numerous experiments which are performed on human test subjects in the United States are considered unethical, because they are performed without the knowledge or informed consent of the test subjects. Such tests have been performed throughout American history, but some of them are ongoing. The experiments include the exposure of humans to many chemical and biological weapons (including infections with deadly or debilitating diseases), human radiation experiments, injections of toxic and radioactive chemicals, surgical experiments, interrogation and torture experiments, tests which involve mind-altering substances, and a wide variety of other experiments. Many of these tests are performed on children, the sick, and mentally disabled individuals, often under the guise of "medical treatment"ten under the guise of "medical treatment"
|
| rdfs:label |
Percobaan manusia tak etis di Amerika Serikat
, アメリカ合衆国における人体実験
, تجارب غير أخلاقية على البشر في الولايات المتحدة
, Unethical human experimentation in the United States
, 美國非道德人體實驗
|
