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I ricercatori della Rice University e dell … I ricercatori della Rice University e della State University di New York hanno dimostrato che l'aggiunta di modeste percentuali in peso di nanotubi di carbonio può condurre a un significativo miglioramento delle proprietà meccaniche dei biodegradabili per applicazioni nell'ingegneria dei tessuti ossei. Inoltre la perdita di piccole percentuali di peso in grafene danno un significativo aumento delle proprietà meccaniche di compressione e flessibilità dei nanocomposti. I nanotubi mostrano una compatibilità dimensionale e chimica con biomolecole, quali il DNA e le proteine. Inoltre permettono tecniche di fluorescenza e imaging foto-acustiche utilizzate nella localizzazione del calore tramite radiazioni a infrarossi.Biosensori a singolo nanotubo mostrano grandi cambiamenti nell'impedenza elettrica e nelle proprietà ottiche, tipicamente modulate dall'assorbimento della superficie dei nanotubi. I bassi limiti di rilevabilità e l'alta selettività richiedono una progettazione della superficie dei nanotubi e dei loro effetti sul campo, sulla capacità, tramite anche degli e tecniche di fotoluminescenza. Alcuni prodotti in via di sviluppo includono test stampati per il rilevamento di estrogeni e progesterone, microarrays per il DNA e il rilevamento delle proteine e sensori per il NO2 e la troponina cardiaca. Sensori simili vengono utilizzati anche nell'industria alimentare e per applicazioni militari e ambientali. I nanotubi possono anche entrare nelle cellule legandosi ai recettori esterni della membrana cellulare. Tutto ciò abilita la trasmissione di molecole che possono essere attaccate alle pareti dei nanotubi o incapsulate negli stessi. Per esempio, la doxorubicina, farmaco utilizzato nella cura del cancro, è stata caricata su un nanotubo con una percentuale in peso del 60% rispetto al precedente 8-10 % di carica su un liposoma. Il rilascio del carico può essere attivato da radiazioni infrarosso. Tuttavia è fondamentale limitare la ritenzione di nanotubi all'interno del corpo per evitare un accumulo indesiderato di prodotto. La tossicità dei nanotubi rimane comunque il principale ostacolo, anche se la loro biocompatibilità può essere migliorata. Il grado di infiammazione polmonare causata dell'inalazione di sensori SWNT di carbonio rimane insignificante rispetto all'asbesto o ad altri materiali aerei. L'accettazione in ambito medico dei nanotubi richiede la comprensione della risposta immunitaria al carbonio e il corretto standard di esposizione a esso per inalazione, ingestione, iniezione e contatto con la pelle. I nanotubi immobilizzati all'interno di un polimero non hanno mostrato un'elevata risposta infiammatoria durante i controlli. Essi sono stati presi in considerazione anche come elettrodi a bassa impedenza nella ricerca neuronale. Inoltre ne è stato ipotizzato l'utilizzo come rivestimento per i cateteri per ridurre il rischio di trombosi. L'utilizzo di nanotubi come sorgenti di raggi X è ancora in fase di studio. Basandosi sulle proprietà uniche di questi materiali, i ricercatori hanno sviluppato catodi a che permettono precisi controlli ai raggi X e un posizionamento migliore per queste sorgenti. L'utilità come fonti di raggi X è stata dimostrata per le applicazioni in imaging di diagnosi pre-cliniche per piccoli animali e sta venendo testata anche in ambito clinico sugli uomini.tata anche in ambito clinico sugli uomini.
, إن التطبيقات المحتملة للأنابيب النانوية ال … إن التطبيقات المحتملة للأنابيب النانوية الكربونية متنوعة، وإن الأنابيب النانوية الكربونية يمكن استخدامها في عدة مجالات مثل تقنية النانو، الالكترونيات، التطبيقات البصرية، علم المواد، والبناء. خلال سنوات قادت العديد من الاكتشافات إلى تطبيقات جديدة، يتم فيها الاستفادة من خواصها الكهربائية الفريدة، وقوتها غير العادية، وكفاءتها في نقل الحرارة.وتها غير العادية، وكفاءتها في نقل الحرارة.
, Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylinders of o … Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylinders of one or more layers of graphene (lattice). Diameters of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are typically 0.8 to 2 nm and 5 to 20 nm, respectively, although MWNT diameters can exceed 100 nm. CNT lengths range from less than 100 nm to 0.5 m. Individual CNT walls can be metallic or semiconducting depending on the orientation of the lattice with respect to the tube axis, which is called chirality. MWNT's cross-sectional area offers an elastic modulus approaching 1 TPa and a tensile strength of 100 GPa, over 10-fold higher than any industrial fiber. MWNTs are typically metallic and can carry currents of up to 109 A cm−2. SWNTs can display thermal conductivity of 3500 W m−1 K−1, exceeding that of diamond. As of 2013, carbon nanotube production exceeded several thousand tons per year, used for applications in energy storage, device modelling, automotive parts, boat hulls, sporting goods, water filters, thin-film electronics, coatings, actuators and electromagnetic shields. CNT-related publications more than tripled in the prior decade, while rates of patent issuance also increased. Most output was of unorganized architecture. Organized CNT architectures such as "forests", yarns and regular sheets were produced in much smaller volumes. CNTs have even been proposed as the tether for a purported space elevator. Recently, several studies have highlighted the prospect of using carbon nanotubes as building blocks to fabricate three-dimensional macroscopic (>1mm in all three dimensions) all-carbon devices. Lalwani et al. have reported a novel radical initiated thermal crosslinking method to fabricated macroscopic, free-standing, porous, all-carbon scaffolds using single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes as building blocks. These scaffolds possess macro-, micro-, and nano- structured pores and the porosity can be tailored for specific applications. These 3D all-carbon scaffolds/architectures may be used for the fabrication of the next generation of energy storage, supercapacitors, field emission transistors, high-performance catalysis, photovoltaics, and biomedical devices and implants.aics, and biomedical devices and implants.
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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylinders of o … Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are cylinders of one or more layers of graphene (lattice). Diameters of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are typically 0.8 to 2 nm and 5 to 20 nm, respectively, although MWNT diameters can exceed 100 nm. CNT lengths range from less than 100 nm to 0.5 m.gths range from less than 100 nm to 0.5 m.
, إن التطبيقات المحتملة للأنابيب النانوية ال … إن التطبيقات المحتملة للأنابيب النانوية الكربونية متنوعة، وإن الأنابيب النانوية الكربونية يمكن استخدامها في عدة مجالات مثل تقنية النانو، الالكترونيات، التطبيقات البصرية، علم المواد، والبناء. خلال سنوات قادت العديد من الاكتشافات إلى تطبيقات جديدة، يتم فيها الاستفادة من خواصها الكهربائية الفريدة، وقوتها غير العادية، وكفاءتها في نقل الحرارة.وتها غير العادية، وكفاءتها في نقل الحرارة.
, I ricercatori della Rice University e dell … I ricercatori della Rice University e della State University di New York hanno dimostrato che l'aggiunta di modeste percentuali in peso di nanotubi di carbonio può condurre a un significativo miglioramento delle proprietà meccaniche dei biodegradabili per applicazioni nell'ingegneria dei tessuti ossei. Inoltre la perdita di piccole percentuali di peso in grafene danno un significativo aumento delle proprietà meccaniche di compressione e flessibilità dei nanocomposti.pressione e flessibilità dei nanocomposti.
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Potential applications of carbon nanotubes
, تطبيقات محتملة للأنابيب النانوية الكربونية
, Potenziali applicazioni dei nanotubi di carbonio
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