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شهد التاريخ عددًا من أشكال الحرب البيولوجي … شهد التاريخ عددًا من أشكال الحرب البيولوجية (بي دبليو) المتكررة على مر السنين. يشمل هذا استخدام العوامل الحيوية (الميكروبات والنباتات) بالإضافة إلى الذيفانات الحيوية، بما في ذلك الزعاف، المشتقة منها. قبل القرن العشرين، اتخذ استخدام العوامل الحيوية أحد الأشكال الثلاثة:
* التلويث المتعمد للغذاء والماء عبر المواد السامة أو المعدية.
* استخدام الميكروبات، أو الذيفانات الحيوية، أو الحيوانات أو النباتات (الحية أو الميتة) في أنظمة الأسلحة.
* استخدام الأقمشة والأشخاص الملقحين حيويًا. في القرن العشرين، سمحت التقنيات البكتيرية والفيروسية المتطورة بإنتاج مخزونات كبيرة من أسلحة العوامل الحيوية:
* العوامل البكتيرية: الجمرة الخبيثة، والبروسيلا، وداء توليري وما إلى ذلك.
* العوامل الفيروسية: الجدري، والحمى النزفية الفيروسية وما إلى ذلك.
* الذيفانات: السجقية، والريسين وما إلى ذلك. الذيفانات: السجقية، والريسين وما إلى ذلك.
, Before the 20th century, the use of biolog … Before the 20th century, the use of biological agents took three major forms:
* Deliberate contamination of food and water with poisonous or contagious material
* Use of microbes, biological toxins, animals, or plants (living or dead) in a weapon system
* Use of biologically inoculated fabrics and persons In the 20th century, sophisticated bacteriological and virological techniques allowed the production of significant stockpiles of weaponized bio-agents:
* Bacterial agents: Anthrax, Brucella, Tularemia, etc.
* Viral agents: Smallpox, Viral hemorrhagic fevers, etc.
* Toxins: Botulinum, Ricin, etc.rs, etc.
* Toxins: Botulinum, Ricin, etc.
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شهد التاريخ عددًا من أشكال الحرب البيولوجي … شهد التاريخ عددًا من أشكال الحرب البيولوجية (بي دبليو) المتكررة على مر السنين. يشمل هذا استخدام العوامل الحيوية (الميكروبات والنباتات) بالإضافة إلى الذيفانات الحيوية، بما في ذلك الزعاف، المشتقة منها. قبل القرن العشرين، اتخذ استخدام العوامل الحيوية أحد الأشكال الثلاثة:
* التلويث المتعمد للغذاء والماء عبر المواد السامة أو المعدية.
* استخدام الميكروبات، أو الذيفانات الحيوية، أو الحيوانات أو النباتات (الحية أو الميتة) في أنظمة الأسلحة.
* استخدام الأقمشة والأشخاص الملقحين حيويًا. في القرن العشرين، سمحت التقنيات البكتيرية والفيروسية المتطورة بإنتاج مخزونات كبيرة من أسلحة العوامل الحيوية:اج مخزونات كبيرة من أسلحة العوامل الحيوية:
, Before the 20th century, the use of biolog … Before the 20th century, the use of biological agents took three major forms:
* Deliberate contamination of food and water with poisonous or contagious material
* Use of microbes, biological toxins, animals, or plants (living or dead) in a weapon system
* Use of biologically inoculated fabrics and persons In the 20th century, sophisticated bacteriological and virological techniques allowed the production of significant stockpiles of weaponized bio-agents:icant stockpiles of weaponized bio-agents:
|
| rdfs:label |
تاريخ الحرب البيولوجية
, History of biological warfare
|
