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Los viajes interplanetarios son un caso pa … Los viajes interplanetarios son un caso particular de los viajes espaciales que, a diferencia de los viajes interestelares, tienen lugar dentro de nuestro sistema solar. Por su misma naturaleza, los viajes interestelares tienen miles de años de duración o conceptos tales como el hiperespacio, por lo que han estado casi siempre relegados a la ópera espacial. Los viajes interplanetarios, en cambio, están al alcance de nuestra tecnología actual. El hombre ha llegado a la Luna, ha enviado sondas a otros planetas e, incluso, existen planes de misiones a Marte. Por todo ello, y a diferencia de los viajes interestelares, los viajes interplanetarios son uno de los pilares de la ciencia ficción dura. Los vehículos espaciales que permitieron estos logros y que se continúan utilizando hoy en día estaban equipados con un motor químico. Actualmente cohetes como el Ariane son capaces de colocar satélites y materiales en órbita de manera habitual y hasta la cancelación del programa, en 2011, la lanzadera espacial de la NASA era capaz de realizar de forma más o menos rutinaria viajes de ida y vuelta a la Estación Espacial Internacional. Sin embargo, la autonomía y la eficiencia de este motor son reducidas, por lo que viajes a cuerpos más alejados son acontecimientos realmente extraordinarios. Los viajes interplanetarios requieren tiempos prolongados de tránsito entre partida y llegada, con los consiguientes problemas de logística, si se están transportando humanos. Se tardaban cuatro días en llegar a la Luna, y las sondas a Marte demoran como mínimo de ocho a diez meses en arribar a su destino.ocho a diez meses en arribar a su destino.
, El vol espacial interplanetari o viatge interplanetari és el viatge entre planetes dins d'un únic sistema planetari. A la pràctica, els vols espacials d'aquests tipus són confinats per viatjar entre els planetes del sistema solar.
, Межпланетный космический полёт (межпланетн … Межпланетный космический полёт (межпланетное путешествие) — путешествие между планетами, как правило, в пределах одной планетной системы. В практике человечества понятие космический полёт такого типа означает реальный и гипотетический перелёт между планетами Солнечной системы. Составная часть гипотетических проектов колонизации космоса человечеством.роектов колонизации космоса человечеством.
, Un vol interplanétaire est le voyage d'un … Un vol interplanétaire est le voyage d'un engin spatial d'une planète à une autre au sein d'un même système planétaire. Ce type de vol est pratiqué depuis le début des années 1960 au sein du système solaire par des sondes spatiales automatisées à des fins scientifiques. Un vol interplanétaire nécessite de disposer de beaucoup d'énergie pour propulser le vaisseau donc de placer beaucoup de masse en orbite terrestre : cette masse est d'autant plus importante que l'objectif du voyage est distant de la Terre. En pratique, il n'existe pas aujourd'hui de lanceur assez puissant pour lancer un engin par une trajectoire directe vers les planètes du système solaire les plus éloignées. Depuis le début de l'ère spatiale les ingénieurs ont toutefois progressivement raffiné le calcul des trajectoires pour permettre, en utilisant notamment l'assistance gravitationnelle, d'atteindre ces planètes ou de limiter la masse d'ergols emportés pour des destinations plus proches. Des recherches dans le domaine de la motorisation des vaisseaux spatiaux tentent également de réduire la masse d'ergols à emporter : elles ont permis de mettre au point le moteur ionique qui, en contrepartie de poussées très faibles, dispose d'un rendement plus de dix fois supérieur aux moteurs utilisant la combustion chimique : il est aujourd'hui couramment utilisé (Dawn). D'autres techniques prometteuses sont actuellement testées uniquement en laboratoire. Les risques pour l'homme liés au rayonnement cosmique mais également des considérations économiques interdisent aujourd'hui le vol interplanétaire d'un vaisseau spatial habité. Le vol interplanétaire s'oppose au voyage interstellaire (entre deux étoiles) qui reste aujourd'hui du domaine de la théorie.este aujourd'hui du domaine de la théorie.
, Interplanetarisk rymdfart är rymdfart mellan planeter, vanligtvis inom samma planetsystem.
, Por definição, viagem interplanetária é uma viagem espacial realizada entre os corpos celestes de um determinado sistema planetário.
, Per viaggio interplanetario si intende un … Per viaggio interplanetario si intende un viaggio tra due o più pianeti all'interno di uno stesso sistema stellare. Al contrario di un viaggio interstellare, le tecnologie per un simile spostamento sono già disponibili anche se tale viaggio non avrebbe un immediato ritorno economico, avendo più che altro valore scientifico. Attualmente i viaggi interplanetari nel nostro sistema solare sono effettuati ad opera di sonde automatiche senza equipaggio umano, esclusivamente a scopo esplorativo, ma non è da escludere in un futuro non molto prossimo un fine estrattivo o anche turistico. Nell'immediato comunque un eventuale viaggio umano è precluso poiché raggi cosmici e vento solare sono da considerarsi poco schermabili e quindi altamente dannosi per la salute umana, anche considerando la probabile durata del viaggio.siderando la probabile durata del viaggio.
, Interplanetary spaceflight or interplaneta … Interplanetary spaceflight or interplanetary travel is the crewed or uncrewed travel between stars and planets, usually within a single planetary system. In practice, spaceflights of this type are confined to travel between the planets of the Solar System. Uncrewed space probes have flown to all the observed planets in the Solar System as well as to dwarf planets Pluto and Ceres, and several asteroids. Orbiters and landers return more information than fly-by missions. Crewed flights have landed on the Moon and have been planned, from time to time, for Mars, Venus and Mercury. While many scientists appreciate the knowledge value that uncrewed flights provide, the value of crewed missions is more controversial. Science fiction writers propose a number of benefits, including the mining of asteroids, access to solar power, and room for colonization in the event of an Earth catastrophe. A number of techniques have been developed to make interplanetary flights more economical. Advances in computing and theoretical science have already improved some techniques, while new proposals may lead to improvements in speed, fuel economy, and safety. Travel techniques must take into consideration the velocity changes necessary to travel from one body to another in the Solar System. For orbital flights, an additional adjustment must be made to match the orbital speed of the destination body. Other developments are designed to improve rocket launching and propulsion, as well as the use of non-traditional sources of energy. Using extraterrestrial resources for energy, oxygen, and water would reduce costs and improve life support systems. Any crewed interplanetary flight must include certain design requirements. Life support systems must be capable of supporting human lives for extended periods of time. Preventative measures are needed to reduce exposure to radiation and ensure optimum reliability. radiation and ensure optimum reliability.
, Planetarteko bidaia espazioan barna planet … Planetarteko bidaia espazioan barna planeta batetik bestera egiten den bidaia da. Praktikan, gure eguzki-sistemaren planeten arteko bidaia da, gizakiak ez baitu harago bidaiatzerik lortu, hau da, ez baitu izarrarteko bidaiarik egitea lortu. Bere ezaugarriengatik, izarrarteko bidaiek milaka eta milaka urte iraungo lukete; izan ere, denbora hori laburtuko lukeen kontzeptua eta enparauak gaurko egunez zinema eta zientzia-fikzioren sailera mugatuak daude. Aldiz, planetarteko bidaiak gaur egungo teknologiarekin gizakiaren gaitasunen mugen barnean daude. Gizakia Ilargira iritsi zenetik, beste planetetara espazio zundak bidali izan ditu, bai eta robot bat Martera ere. Horregatik guztiarengatik, izarrarteko bidaiak ez bezala, planetarteko bidaiak oinarrietako bat dira.lanetarteko bidaiak oinarrietako bat dira.
, رحلات الفضاء بين الكواكب أو السفر الكوكبي هي السفر بين الكواكب، عادة داخل نظام كوكبي واحد. عمليًا، تقتصر الرحلات الفضائية من هذا النوع على السفر بين كواكب المجموعة الشمسية.
, 行星際航行或行星際旅行指在行星系內的行星之間旅行。實務上，此類的太空航行局限於太陽系內的行星之間。載人飛行的行星際航行必須維持生命保障系統，成本非常高昂；而重量較輕的太空探測器則是太陽系內行星際航行的主力。
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Planetarteko bidaia espazioan barna planet … Planetarteko bidaia espazioan barna planeta batetik bestera egiten den bidaia da. Praktikan, gure eguzki-sistemaren planeten arteko bidaia da, gizakiak ez baitu harago bidaiatzerik lortu, hau da, ez baitu izarrarteko bidaiarik egitea lortu. Bere ezaugarriengatik, izarrarteko bidaiek milaka eta milaka urte iraungo lukete; izan ere, denbora hori laburtuko lukeen kontzeptua eta enparauak gaurko egunez zinema eta zientzia-fikzioren sailera mugatuak daude.zientzia-fikzioren sailera mugatuak daude.
, Los viajes interplanetarios son un caso pa … Los viajes interplanetarios son un caso particular de los viajes espaciales que, a diferencia de los viajes interestelares, tienen lugar dentro de nuestro sistema solar. Por su misma naturaleza, los viajes interestelares tienen miles de años de duración o conceptos tales como el hiperespacio, por lo que han estado casi siempre relegados a la ópera espacial. Sin embargo, la autonomía y la eficiencia de este motor son reducidas, por lo que viajes a cuerpos más alejados son acontecimientos realmente extraordinarios.acontecimientos realmente extraordinarios.
, Межпланетный космический полёт (межпланетн … Межпланетный космический полёт (межпланетное путешествие) — путешествие между планетами, как правило, в пределах одной планетной системы. В практике человечества понятие космический полёт такого типа означает реальный и гипотетический перелёт между планетами Солнечной системы. Составная часть гипотетических проектов колонизации космоса человечеством.роектов колонизации космоса человечеством.
, 行星際航行或行星際旅行指在行星系內的行星之間旅行。實務上，此類的太空航行局限於太陽系內的行星之間。載人飛行的行星際航行必須維持生命保障系統，成本非常高昂；而重量較輕的太空探測器則是太陽系內行星際航行的主力。
, Por definição, viagem interplanetária é uma viagem espacial realizada entre os corpos celestes de um determinado sistema planetário.
, Interplanetarisk rymdfart är rymdfart mellan planeter, vanligtvis inom samma planetsystem.
, رحلات الفضاء بين الكواكب أو السفر الكوكبي هي السفر بين الكواكب، عادة داخل نظام كوكبي واحد. عمليًا، تقتصر الرحلات الفضائية من هذا النوع على السفر بين كواكب المجموعة الشمسية.
, El vol espacial interplanetari o viatge interplanetari és el viatge entre planetes dins d'un únic sistema planetari. A la pràctica, els vols espacials d'aquests tipus són confinats per viatjar entre els planetes del sistema solar.
, Interplanetary spaceflight or interplaneta … Interplanetary spaceflight or interplanetary travel is the crewed or uncrewed travel between stars and planets, usually within a single planetary system. In practice, spaceflights of this type are confined to travel between the planets of the Solar System. Uncrewed space probes have flown to all the observed planets in the Solar System as well as to dwarf planets Pluto and Ceres, and several asteroids. Orbiters and landers return more information than fly-by missions. Crewed flights have landed on the Moon and have been planned, from time to time, for Mars, Venus and Mercury. While many scientists appreciate the knowledge value that uncrewed flights provide, the value of crewed missions is more controversial. Science fiction writers propose a number of benefits, including the mining of astr of benefits, including the mining of ast
, Un vol interplanétaire est le voyage d'un … Un vol interplanétaire est le voyage d'un engin spatial d'une planète à une autre au sein d'un même système planétaire. Ce type de vol est pratiqué depuis le début des années 1960 au sein du système solaire par des sondes spatiales automatisées à des fins scientifiques. Un vol interplanétaire nécessite de disposer de beaucoup d'énergie pour propulser le vaisseau donc de placer beaucoup de masse en orbite terrestre : cette masse est d'autant plus importante que l'objectif du voyage est distant de la Terre. En pratique, il n'existe pas aujourd'hui de lanceur assez puissant pour lancer un engin par une trajectoire directe vers les planètes du système solaire les plus éloignées. Depuis le début de l'ère spatiale les ingénieurs ont toutefois progressivement raffiné le calcul des trajectoires poment raffiné le calcul des trajectoires po
, Per viaggio interplanetario si intende un … Per viaggio interplanetario si intende un viaggio tra due o più pianeti all'interno di uno stesso sistema stellare. Al contrario di un viaggio interstellare, le tecnologie per un simile spostamento sono già disponibili anche se tale viaggio non avrebbe un immediato ritorno economico, avendo più che altro valore scientifico. Attualmente i viaggi interplanetari nel nostro sistema solare sono effettuati ad opera di sonde automatiche senza equipaggio umano, esclusivamente a scopo esplorativo, ma non è da escludere in un futuro non molto prossimo un fine estrattivo o anche turistico. Nell'immediato comunque un eventuale viaggio umano è precluso poiché raggi cosmici e vento solare sono da considerarsi poco schermabili e quindi altamente dannosi per la salute umana, anche considerando la probabillute umana, anche considerando la probabil
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Viagem interplanetária
, Viaje interplanetario
, Vol interplanétaire
, Vol espacial interplanetari
, Interplanetarisk rymdfart
, رحلات فضاء بين الكواكب
, Interplanetary spaceflight
, Planetarteko bidaia
, Viaggio interplanetario
, Межпланетный полёт
, 行星際航行
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