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印度繪畫在其歷史中圍繞宗教神祇及國王間發展。印度藝術是印度次大陸中不同藝術學派的一個總稱。印度繪畫的種類十分廣泛，例如有埃洛拉石窟的大型濕壁畫、錯綜複雜的微型畫、坦賈武爾學派的金屬裝飾畫。犍陀羅（Gandhar）至塔克西拉（Taxila）的繪畫受到西方的影響。而有東方特色的繪畫則在那爛陀藝術學派附近發展。那些作品大部分都受到印度神話的不同場景所啟發。
, Indian painting has a very long tradition … Indian painting has a very long tradition and history in Indian art, though because of the climatic conditions very few early examples survive. The earliest Indian paintings were the rock paintings of prehistoric times, such as the petroglyphs found in places like Bhimbetka rock shelters. Some of the Stone Age rock paintings found among the Bhimbetka rock shelters are approximately 10,000 years old. India's ancient Hindu and Buddhist literature has many mentions of palaces and other buildings decorated with paintings (chitra), but the paintings of the Ajanta Caves are the most significant of the few ones which survive. Smaller scale painting in manuscripts was probably also practised in this period, though the earliest survivals are from the medieval period. A new style emerged in the Mughal era as a fusion of the Persian miniature with older Indian traditions, and from the 17th century its style was diffused across Indian princely courts of all religions, each developing a local style. Company paintings were made for British clients under the British raj, which from the 19th century also introduced art schools along Western lines. This led to modern Indian painting, which is increasingly returning to its Indian roots. Indian paintings can be broadly classified as murals, miniatures and paintings on cloth. Murals are large works executed on the walls of solid structures, as in the Ajanta Caves and the Kailashnath temple. Miniature paintings are executed on a very small scale for books or albums on perishable material such as paper and cloth. Traces of murals, in fresco-like techniques, survive in a number of sites with Indian rock-cut architecture, going back at least 2,000 years, but the 1st and 5th-century remains at the Ajanta Caves are much the most significant. Paintings on cloth were often produced in a more popular context, often as folk art, used for example by travelling reciters of epic poetry, such as the Bhopas of Rajasthan and Chitrakathi elsewhere, and bought as souvenirs of pilgrimages. Very few survivals are older than about 200 years, but it is clear the traditions are much older. Some regional traditions are still producing works.onal traditions are still producing works.
, L’article dévoile l’histoire de la peinture en Inde depuis près de 30 000 ans.
, للتصوير الهندي تقليد وتاريخ طويلان للغاية … للتصوير الهندي تقليد وتاريخ طويلان للغاية في الفن الهندي. كانت اللوحات الهندية الأولى لوحات مصورة على الصخور من عصور ما قبل التاريخ، كالنقوش التي عثر عليها في أماكن مثل ملاجئ بيمبتكا الصخرية، وعمر بعض اللوحات المصورة على الصخور من العصر الحجري التي عثر عليها بين ملاجئ بيمبتكا الصخرية نحو 10,000 عام. يمتلئ الأدب (التراث) البوذي في الهند بأمثلةٍ للنصوص التي تصف قصور الجيش والطبقة الأرستقراطية المزخرفة باللوحات المصورة، لكن لوحات كهوف أجانتا هي الأبرز بين تلك اللوحات القليلة الباقية. من المحتمل أن تكون اللوحات الأصغر حجمًا في المخطوطات قد صورت في تلك المرحلة أيضًا. رغم أن أقدم الباقيات منها تعود إلى فترة العصور الوسطى. يمثل التصوير المغولي مزجًا للمنمنمات الفارسية مع التقاليد الهندية القديمة، ومنذ القرن السابع عشر انتشر طرازه في بلاط الإمارات الهندية من جميع الأديان، إذ طورت كل منها أسلوبًا محليًا. صُنعت لوحات الشركة للعملاء البريطانيين تحت الحكم البريطاني للهند، والذي أدخل منذ القرن التاسع عشر المدارس الفنية إلى جانب الاتجاه الغربي، مفضيًا إلى التصوير الهندي الحديث، والذي يعود بشكل متزايد إلى جذوره الهندية. تقدم اللوحات الهندية تسلسلًا جماليًا يمتد من بدايات الحضارة إلى يومنا هذا. إذ تطور التصوير الهندي على مرّ السنين من كونه ديني الهدف بالأساس في البداية، ليصبح مزيجًا من الثقافات والتقاليد المختلفة.صبح مزيجًا من الثقافات والتقاليد المختلفة.
, La pintura de la India es una forma de art … La pintura de la India es una forma de arte de la India. Las primeras pinturas de la India fueron las pinturas sobre roca realizadas en épocas , petroglifos tales como los que se observan en Bhimbetka, algunos de ellos se remontan a antes del 5500 a C. Tales obras continuaron en el tiempo por varios milenios, luego en el siglo VII los pilares tallados de Ellora, en el estado de Maharashtra es un muy buen ejemplo de pintura de la India, sus colores, principalmente tonos de rojo y naranja, se consiguieron a partir de pigmentos minerales. Algo posteriores son los frescos de las cuevas de Ajanta y . Además, la literatura budista de la India posee una gran abundancia de textos que describen que los palacios de reyes y de las clases aristocráticas estaban decorados con pinturas, pero lamentablemente los mismos no han sobrevivido hasta nuestros días. Pero, basados en esta evidencia se piensa que alguna forma de arte era practicada por estas épocas. Las pinturas de la India poseen un continuo estético que se extiende desde las primeras civilizaciones hasta nuestros días. En sus comienzos su naturaleza era esencialmente religiosa, pero luego la pintura de la India evolucionó a través de los años para convertirse en una fusión de varias culturas y tradiciones. La pintura de la India ha estado expuesta a influencias greco-romanas, iraníes y chinas. Las pinturas en cavernas que se observan en distintas partes de la India son un testimonio de estas influencias y la evolución continua de nuevos idiomas pictóricos es evidente. de nuevos idiomas pictóricos es evidente.
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Manasa in Kalighat Patachitra
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Clockwise from upper left: Radha , Ajanta fresco , Hindu iconography , Shakuntala .
, The Bengal Patachitra
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Indian painting has a very long tradition … Indian painting has a very long tradition and history in Indian art, though because of the climatic conditions very few early examples survive. The earliest Indian paintings were the rock paintings of prehistoric times, such as the petroglyphs found in places like Bhimbetka rock shelters. Some of the Stone Age rock paintings found among the Bhimbetka rock shelters are approximately 10,000 years old.elters are approximately 10,000 years old.
, للتصوير الهندي تقليد وتاريخ طويلان للغاية … للتصوير الهندي تقليد وتاريخ طويلان للغاية في الفن الهندي. كانت اللوحات الهندية الأولى لوحات مصورة على الصخور من عصور ما قبل التاريخ، كالنقوش التي عثر عليها في أماكن مثل ملاجئ بيمبتكا الصخرية، وعمر بعض اللوحات المصورة على الصخور من العصر الحجري التي عثر عليها بين ملاجئ بيمبتكا الصخرية نحو 10,000 عام. تقدم اللوحات الهندية تسلسلًا جماليًا يمتد من بدايات الحضارة إلى يومنا هذا. إذ تطور التصوير الهندي على مرّ السنين من كونه ديني الهدف بالأساس في البداية، ليصبح مزيجًا من الثقافات والتقاليد المختلفة.صبح مزيجًا من الثقافات والتقاليد المختلفة.
, L’article dévoile l’histoire de la peinture en Inde depuis près de 30 000 ans.
, 印度繪畫在其歷史中圍繞宗教神祇及國王間發展。印度藝術是印度次大陸中不同藝術學派的一個總稱。印度繪畫的種類十分廣泛，例如有埃洛拉石窟的大型濕壁畫、錯綜複雜的微型畫、坦賈武爾學派的金屬裝飾畫。犍陀羅（Gandhar）至塔克西拉（Taxila）的繪畫受到西方的影響。而有東方特色的繪畫則在那爛陀藝術學派附近發展。那些作品大部分都受到印度神話的不同場景所啟發。
, La pintura de la India es una forma de art … La pintura de la India es una forma de arte de la India. Las primeras pinturas de la India fueron las pinturas sobre roca realizadas en épocas , petroglifos tales como los que se observan en Bhimbetka, algunos de ellos se remontan a antes del 5500 a C. Tales obras continuaron en el tiempo por varios milenios, luego en el siglo VII los pilares tallados de Ellora, en el estado de Maharashtra es un muy buen ejemplo de pintura de la India, sus colores, principalmente tonos de rojo y naranja, se consiguieron a partir de pigmentos minerales. Algo posteriores son los frescos de las cuevas de Ajanta y . Además, la literatura budista de la India posee una gran abundancia de textos que describen que los palacios de reyes y de las clases aristocráticas estaban decorados con pinturas, pero lamentablemn decorados con pinturas, pero lamentablem
|
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Peinture en Inde
, Pintura de la India
, Indian painting
, تصوير هندي
, 印度繪畫
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