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تبدأ اللوحة الغربية من القرن العشرين مع تر … تبدأ اللوحة الغربية من القرن العشرين مع تراث الرسامين في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر مثل فينسينت فان غوخ وبول سيزان وبول غوغان وجورج سورات وهنري دو تولوز لاوترك وغيرهم ممن كانوا عاملًا مهمًا في تطوير الفن الحديث. أحدث كل من هنري ماتيس والعديد من الفنانين الشباب الآخرين بمن فيهم جورج براك قبل التكعيبية وأندريه ديرين وراوول دافي وموريس دو فلامينك، ثورة في عالم الفن من خلال المناظر الطبيعية أو الأشكال التعبيرية متعددة الألوان «الجامحة» التي يسميها النقاد الحوشية. أظهرت النسخة الثانية من لوحة «الرقصة» لماتيس نقطة رئيسية في حياته المهنية وفي تطوير اللوحة الحديثة. عكست اللوحة افتتان ماتيس الأولي بالفن البدائي: إذ ينقل كل من اللون الدافئ الكثيف للأشكال المقابلة لخلفية الزرقاء والخضراء الباردة والتعاقب الإيقاعي الراقصين العراة، مشاعر التحرر العاطفي واللذة. تأثر بيكاسو في البداية بتولوز لوتريك وغوغان وغيرهم من المبتكرين في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، وقدم لوحاته التكعيبية الأولى على أساس فكرة سيزان بأن تصوير الطبيعة يمكن اختزاله إلى ثلاثة أشكال صلبة: المكعب والكرة والمخروط. في لوحة آنسات أفنون (1907)، أنشأ بيكاسو صورة جديدة راديكالية تصور مشهدًا لبيت دعارة بدائي تظهر فيه خمس عاهرات رسمهن بشكل عنيف، مما يذكرنا بالأقنعة القبلية الإفريقية واختراعاته التكعيبية الجديدة. طُورت التكعيبية التحليلية التي تتمثل من خلال لوحة الكمان والشمعدان، باريس بالاشتراك بين بابلو بيكاسو وجورج براك منذ نحو عام 1908 وحتى عام 1912. اتبعت التكعيبية التركيبية التكعيبية التحليلية وتميزت بإدخال مواد وسطوح مختلفة وكولاج وملصقات الورقية ومجموعة كبيرة ومتنوعة من المواضيع المدمجة. كانت التكعيبية الكريستالية شكلًا مستخلصًا من التكعيبية يتفق مع التحول بين عامي 1915 و1916 باتجاه التركيز القوي على النشاط السطحي المستوي والمستويات الهندسية الكبيرة المتداخلة، مارسها كل من براك وبيكاسو وجان ميتزينغر وألبرت غليزس وخوان غريس ودييغو ريفيرا وهينري لاورنس وجاك ليبشيتز وألكسندر آرتشيبنكو وفرنارد ليجيه والعديد من الفنانين الآخرين من عشرينيات القرن العشرين. ظهرت عدة حركات في باريس خلال السنوات بين عام 1910 ونهاية الحرب العالمية الأولى وبعد ذروة التكعيبية. انتقل جورجيو دو شيريكو إلى باريس في يوليو من عام 1911، حيث انضم إلى شقيقه أندريا (الشاعر والرسام المعروف باسم ألبرتو سافينيو). التقى من خلال شقيقه ببيير لابراد، عضو في هيئة المحلفين صالون دوتون، حيث عرض ثلاثة من أعماله التخيلية: لغز أوراكل ولغز في فترة ما بعد الظهر وبورتريه شخصي. عرض عمله في عام 1913، في صالون دي إينديبيندانت وصالون دوتون، حيث لاحظ عمله بيكاسو غيوم أبولينير وغيرهما. تلعب لوحاته المقنعة والغامضة دورًا أساسيًا في بدايات السريالية المبكرة. تُعد أغنية الحب (1914) واحدة من أشهر أعمال دي شيريكو وهي مثال مبكر على الأسلوب السريالي، على الرغم من أنها رُسمت قبل عشر سنوات من الحركة «تأسست» على يد أندريه بريتون في عام 1924. ظهرت عدة حركات مهمة أخرى في العقدين الاولين من القرن العشرين، مع تطور التكعيبية، ومن هذه الحركات: المستقبلية (جياكومو بالا) والفن التجريدي (فاسيلي كاندينسكي) والفارس الأزرق (كاندينسكي وفرانتس مارك) والباوهاوس (كاندينسكي وبول كلي) والأورفية (روبرت ديلوناي وفرانتشيك كوبكا) والتزامنية (مورغان راسل وستانتون ماكدونالد- رايت) ودي ستايل (ثيو فان دويسبرغ وبيت موندريان) والتفوقية (كازيمير ماليفتش) والبنائية (فلاديمير تاتلين) والدادائية (مارسيل دوشامب وبيكابيا وجان أرب) والسريالية (جورجيو دو شيريكو وأندريه بريتون وخوان ميرو ورينيه ماغريت وسيلفادور دالي وماكس إرنست). أثر الرسم الحديث على جميع أنواع الفنون البصرية ابتداءً من العمارة الحديثة والتصميم وصولًا إلى الفيلم الطليعي والمسرح والرقص الحديث، وأصبح مختبرًا تجريبيًا للتعبير عن الخبرة البصرية، من التصوير الفوتوغرافي والشعر الخرساني حتى فن الإعلان والأزياء. كان للوحات فان غوخ تأثير كبير على التعبيرية في القرن العشرين، ويمكن رؤية ذلك في عمل الحوشية والجسر (مجموعة بقيادة الرسام الألماني إرنست كيرشنر)، وتعبيرية كل من إدوارد مونش وإيغون شيلي ومارك شاغال وأميديو موديلياني وشايم زوتيني وغيرهم.غال وأميديو موديلياني وشايم زوتيني وغيرهم.
, De schilderkunst van de 20e eeuw is een pe … De schilderkunst van de 20e eeuw is een periode van de moderne kunst waarin afscheid genomen wordt van de traditionele, realistische schilderkunst en waarin de schilderkunst zich tot de jaren 50 langzamerhand steeds meer richting abstractie ontwikkelt. Vanaf het midden van de eeuw bestonden meerdere stromingen naast elkaar en aan het einde van de eeuw domineerde in de schilderkunst weer de figuratie. De 20e eeuw heeft twee wereldoorlogen gekend en deze hebben veel invloed gehad, ook op de schilderkunst.el invloed gehad, ook op de schilderkunst.
, 20th-century Western painting begins with … 20th-century Western painting begins with the heritage of late-19th-century painters Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and others who were essential for the development of modern art. At the beginning of the 20th century, Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the pre-cubist Georges Braque, André Derain, Raoul Dufy and Maurice de Vlaminck, revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild", multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called Fauvism. Matisse's second version of The Dance signified a key point in his career and in the development of modern painting. It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with primitive art: the intense warm color of the figures against the cool blue-green background and the rhythmical succession of the dancing nudes convey the feelings of emotional liberation and hedonism. Initially influenced by Toulouse-Lautrec, Gauguin, and other late-19th-century innovators, Pablo Picasso made his first cubist paintings based on Cézanne's idea that all depiction of nature can be reduced to three solids: cube, sphere, and cone. With the painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907; see gallery) Picasso created a new and radical picture depicting a raw and primitive brothel scene with five prostitutes, violently painted women, reminiscent of African tribal masks and his own new proto-Cubist inventions. Analytic cubism, exemplified by Violin and Candlestick, Paris, was jointly developed by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque from about 1908 through 1912. Analytic cubism was followed by Synthetic cubism, characterized by the introduction of different textures, surfaces, collage elements, papier collé and a large variety of merged subject matter. Crystal Cubism was a distilled form of Cubism consistent with a shift between 1915 and 1916 towards a strong emphasis on flat surface activity and large overlapping geometric planes, practised by Braque, Picasso, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Juan Gris, Diego Rivera, Henri Laurens, Jacques Lipchitz, Alexander Archipenko, Fernand Léger, and several other artists into the 1920s. During the years between 1910 and the end of World War I and after the heyday of cubism, several movements emerged in Paris. Giorgio de Chirico moved to Paris in July 1911, where he joined his brother Andrea (the poet and painter known as Alberto Savinio). Through his brother he met Pierre Laprade, a member of the jury at the Salon d'Automne, where he exhibited three of his dreamlike works: Enigma of the Oracle, Enigma of an Afternoon and Self-Portrait. During 1913 he exhibited his work at the Salon des Indépendants and Salon d’Automne, where his work was noticed by Pablo Picasso, Guillaume Apollinaire, and others. His compelling and mysterious paintings are considered instrumental to the early beginnings of Surrealism. Song of Love (1914) is one of the most famous works by de Chirico and is an early example of the surrealist style, though it was painted ten years before the movement was "founded" by André Breton in 1924. In the first two decades of the 20th century, as Cubism evolved, several other important movements emerged; Futurism (Giacomo Balla), Abstract art (Wassily Kandinsky), Der Blaue Reiter (Kandinsky and Franz Marc), Bauhaus (Kandinsky and Paul Klee), Orphism, (Robert Delaunay and František Kupka), Synchromism (Morgan Russell and Stanton Macdonald-Wright), De Stijl (Theo van Doesburg and Piet Mondrian), Suprematism (Kazimir Malevich), Constructivism (Vladimir Tatlin), Dadaism (Marcel Duchamp, Picabia and Jean Arp), and Surrealism (Giorgio de Chirico, André Breton, Joan Miró, René Magritte, Salvador Dalí and Max Ernst). Modern painting influenced all the visual arts, from Modernist architecture and design, to avant-garde film, theatre and modern dance, and became an experimental laboratory for the expression of visual experience, from photography and concrete poetry to advertising art and fashion. Van Gogh's paintings exerted great influence upon 20th-century Expressionism, as can be seen in the work of the Fauves, Die Brücke (a group led by German painter Ernst Kirchner), and the Expressionism of Edvard Munch, Egon Schiele, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani, Chaïm Soutine, and others.deo Modigliani, Chaïm Soutine, and others.
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20th-century Western painting begins with … 20th-century Western painting begins with the heritage of late-19th-century painters Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Paul Gauguin, Georges Seurat, Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, and others who were essential for the development of modern art. At the beginning of the 20th century, Henri Matisse and several other young artists including the pre-cubist Georges Braque, André Derain, Raoul Dufy and Maurice de Vlaminck, revolutionized the Paris art world with "wild", multi-colored, expressive landscapes and figure paintings that the critics called Fauvism. Matisse's second version of The Dance signified a key point in his career and in the development of modern painting. It reflected Matisse's incipient fascination with primitive art: the intense warm color of the figures against the cool blue-greenof the figures against the cool blue-green
, تبدأ اللوحة الغربية من القرن العشرين مع تر … تبدأ اللوحة الغربية من القرن العشرين مع تراث الرسامين في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر مثل فينسينت فان غوخ وبول سيزان وبول غوغان وجورج سورات وهنري دو تولوز لاوترك وغيرهم ممن كانوا عاملًا مهمًا في تطوير الفن الحديث. أحدث كل من هنري ماتيس والعديد من الفنانين الشباب الآخرين بمن فيهم جورج براك قبل التكعيبية وأندريه ديرين وراوول دافي وموريس دو فلامينك، ثورة في عالم الفن من خلال المناظر الطبيعية أو الأشكال التعبيرية متعددة الألوان «الجامحة» التي يسميها النقاد الحوشية. أظهرت النسخة الثانية من لوحة «الرقصة» لماتيس نقطة رئيسية في حياته المهنية وفي تطوير اللوحة الحديثة. عكست اللوحة افتتان ماتيس الأولي بالفن البدائي: إذ ينقل كل من اللون الدافئ الكثيف للأشكال المقابلة لخلفية الزرقاء والخضراء الباردة والتعاقب الإيقاعي الراقصين العراة، مشاعر التحرر العاطفي واللذة.اقصين العراة، مشاعر التحرر العاطفي واللذة.
, De schilderkunst van de 20e eeuw is een pe … De schilderkunst van de 20e eeuw is een periode van de moderne kunst waarin afscheid genomen wordt van de traditionele, realistische schilderkunst en waarin de schilderkunst zich tot de jaren 50 langzamerhand steeds meer richting abstractie ontwikkelt. Vanaf het midden van de eeuw bestonden meerdere stromingen naast elkaar en aan het einde van de eeuw domineerde in de schilderkunst weer de figuratie. De 20e eeuw heeft twee wereldoorlogen gekend en deze hebben veel invloed gehad, ook op de schilderkunst.el invloed gehad, ook op de schilderkunst.
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20th-century Western painting
, اللوحة الغربية من القرن العشرين
, Schilderkunst van de 20e eeuw
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