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The history of the oil tanker is part of the evolution of the technology of oil transportation alongside the oil industry.
, De geschiedenis van de olietanker begint a … De geschiedenis van de olietanker begint aan het einde van de 19e eeuw, maar het transport van olie per schip gaat terug tot de oudheid. In de oudheid werd al olie vervoerd over het water, zowel over binnenwateren, zeeën als oceanen. Het betrof plantaardige olie, dierlijke olie of aardolie. Aanvankelijk gebeurde het vervoer in amfora's, later in vaten. Hoewel de Chinezen al in de 8e eeuw olie in bulk vervoerden, ontstonden de echte olietankers pas aan het einde van de 19e eeuw. Vooral na 1967 trad een schaalvergroting op die leidde tot enorme schepen, zoals de Batillus en de Seawise Giant, die beide aanspraak maken het grootste schip ter wereld ooit te zijn geweest. Naarmate het vervoer van olie toenam, deden zich ook meer en grotere milieurampen voor met tankers. Die hebben geleid tot steeds strengere regels. De regels dragen een lettercode met erachter twee cijfers die het jaartal aanduiden. De strengere regels hebben aangespoord tot nieuwe technische oplossingen. De meeste olietankers zijn anno 2008 eigendom van Griekse maatschappijen, op afstand gevolgd door Japan en de Verenigde Staten, maar ze varen vooral onder Panamese of Liberiaanse vlag.vooral onder Panamese of Liberiaanse vlag.
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http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090707103313/http:/www.imo.org/Safety/mainframe.asp%3Ftopic_id=155%23double +
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, http://www.intertanko.com +
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, http://www.tc.gc.ca/publications/EN/TP4295/PDF/HR/TP4295E.pdf +
, https://archive.org/details/supertankerstory00sull +
, http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php%3Frecord_id=5798&page=R1 +
, http://www.eagle.org/NEWS/pubs/pdfs/SurveyorWinter02.pdf +
, https://web.archive.org/web/20080402075741/http:/www.shipstructure.org/derby.shtml +
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, http://www.itopf.org +
, http://www.worsleyschool.net/science/files/supertanker/page.html +
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, http://www.marad.dot.gov/MARAD_statistics/2005%20STATISTICS/World%20Merchant%20Fleet%202005.pdf +
, https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=3DmsQLtWq1wC +
, https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=3DmsQLtWq1wC&q=%2BNobel%2B%2Btanker%2B%2BZoroaster&pg=PR38 +
, http://www.unctad.org/en/docs/rmt2006_en.pdf +
, https://archive.org/details/ciaworldfactbook00cent +
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, http://www.isl.org/products_services/publications/pdf/comment_1-2-2005_short.pdf +
, https://archive.org/details/historyofshipcom00wood +
, http://www.marinelog.com/DOCS/cen4.html +
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De geschiedenis van de olietanker begint a … De geschiedenis van de olietanker begint aan het einde van de 19e eeuw, maar het transport van olie per schip gaat terug tot de oudheid. In de oudheid werd al olie vervoerd over het water, zowel over binnenwateren, zeeën als oceanen. Het betrof plantaardige olie, dierlijke olie of aardolie. Aanvankelijk gebeurde het vervoer in amfora's, later in vaten. Hoewel de Chinezen al in de 8e eeuw olie in bulk vervoerden, ontstonden de echte olietankers pas aan het einde van de 19e eeuw. Vooral na 1967 trad een schaalvergroting op die leidde tot enorme schepen, zoals de Batillus en de Seawise Giant, die beide aanspraak maken het grootste schip ter wereld ooit te zijn geweest.ste schip ter wereld ooit te zijn geweest.
, The history of the oil tanker is part of the evolution of the technology of oil transportation alongside the oil industry.
|
| rdfs:label |
History of the oil tanker
, Geschiedenis van de olietanker
|
