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http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract The expression 'Eastern European Jewry' haThe expression 'Eastern European Jewry' has two meanings. Its first meaning refers to the current political spheres of the Eastern European countries and its second meaning refers to the Jewish communities in Russia and Poland. The phrase 'Eastern European Jews' or 'Jews of the East' (from German: Ostjuden) was established during the 19th century in the German Empire and in the western provinces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, aiming to distinguish the integrating Jews in Central Europe from those Jews who lived in the East. This feature deals with the second meaning of the concept of Eastern European Jewry- the Jewish groups that lived in Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Russia, Romania, Hungary and modern-day Moldova in collective settlement (from Hebrew: Kibbutz- קיבוץ). Many of whom spoke Yiddish. At the beginning of the 20th century, over 6 million Jews lived in Eastern Europe. They were organized into large and small communities, living in big cities such as Warsaw (with a population of about 300,000 Jews) as well as in small towns with populations of only tens or hundreds of Jews.ulations of only tens or hundreds of Jews. , تعبير «يهود أوروبا الشرقية» له معنيان. يشيتعبير «يهود أوروبا الشرقية» له معنيان. يشير المعنى الأول إلى المجالات السياسية الحالية لدول أوروبا الشرقية، ويشير الثاني إلى الجاليات اليهودية في روسيا وبولندا. أستُخدمت عبارة «يهود أوروبا الشرقية» أو «يهود الشرق» (من الألمانية: أوستجودين) خلال القرن التاسع عشر في الإمبراطورية الألمانية وفي المقاطعات الغربية لل، بهدف التمييز بين اليهود المندمجين في وسط أوروبا من أولئك الموجودين في الشرق. تتناول هذه الميزة المعنى الثاني لمفهوم يهود أوروبا الشرقية - الجماعات اليهودية التي عاشت في بولندا وأوكرانيا وبيلاروسيا ولاتفيا وليتوانيا وإستونيا وروسيا ورومانيا والمجر في الاستيطان الجماعي (من العبرية: كيبوتس- קיבוץ). كثير منهم يتحدثون اليديشية. في بداية القرن العشرين، عاش أكثر من 6 ملايين يهودي في أوروبا الشرقية. منتظمين في مجتمعات كبيرة وصغيرة، يعيشون في مدن كبيرة مثل وارسو (يبلغ عدد سكانها حوالي 300000 يهودي) وفي مدن صغيرة مع عشرات أو مئات اليهود فقط.وفي مدن صغيرة مع عشرات أو مئات اليهود فقط. , Die Juden in Mittel- und Osteuropa waren bDie Juden in Mittel- und Osteuropa waren bis zum Holocaust die weltweit zahlenmäßig größte Bevölkerungsgruppe von Juden. Sie entwickelten eine eigene jüdische Gelehrsamkeit und besondere Formen der religiösen Praxis. Die ersten Juden siedelten sich im Königreich Polen und dem Großfürstentum Litauen vermutlich im 12. Jahrhundert an. Im frühen 16. Jahrhundert lebten in Osteuropa etwa 50.000 Juden, vor allem in Polen, Litauen, in der Moldau und der Bukowina. Die alten Gemeinden waren im Mittelalter oft parallel und in Konkurrenz zu christlichen Siedlungen im Osten entstanden. In Posen, Krakau, Lublin, Lemberg und Wilna besaßen die Juden Privilegien für eine weitreichende autonome Gemeindeverwaltung, und so waren diese Städte zu Ballungszentren der jüdischen Bevölkerung geworden. Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts lebten bereits etwa 1,5 Millionen Juden in Osteuropa. Dieser Zuwachs war sowohl der Einwanderung aus dem Westen wie auch den relativ günstigen Lebensbedingungen zu verdanken. Die Rechtssicherheit der Juden war im Osten Europas größer als im Westen, doch blieb die überwiegende Mehrheit der osteuropäischen Juden sehr arm. Vor dem Überfall auf Polen 1939 lebten über 3,4 Millionen Juden in Polen, weitere 4 Millionen lebten im europäischen Gebiet der Sowjetunion. Besonders der Westen der heutigen Ukraine war jüdisch geprägt. In vielen Städten machten Juden bis zu 30 Prozent der Bevölkerung aus, in Minsk beispielsweise waren es 1897 sogar 52 Prozent der Stadtbevölkerung. Während des Holocaust wurde die überwiegende Mehrheit der Juden Osteuropas umgebracht. Mehrheit der Juden Osteuropas umgebracht.
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http://dbpedia.org/property/text "It is possible that there is no country o"It is possible that there is no country other than Poland, where freedom of religion and hatred of religion are found in equal measure. The Jews are allowed to preserve their religion with absolute freedom, and the rest of the civil rights have been assigned to them, and they have even their own courts. And in opposite to that, you find that religion hatred is so great there to the extent of that matter, the word 'Jew' is an abomination."matter, the word 'Jew' is an abomination."
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rdfs:comment تعبير «يهود أوروبا الشرقية» له معنيان. يشيتعبير «يهود أوروبا الشرقية» له معنيان. يشير المعنى الأول إلى المجالات السياسية الحالية لدول أوروبا الشرقية، ويشير الثاني إلى الجاليات اليهودية في روسيا وبولندا. أستُخدمت عبارة «يهود أوروبا الشرقية» أو «يهود الشرق» (من الألمانية: أوستجودين) خلال القرن التاسع عشر في الإمبراطورية الألمانية وفي المقاطعات الغربية لل، بهدف التمييز بين اليهود المندمجين في وسط أوروبا من أولئك الموجودين في الشرق. تتناول هذه الميزة المعنى الثاني لمفهوم يهود أوروبا الشرقية - الجماعات اليهودية التي عاشت في بولندا وأوكرانيا وبيلاروسيا ولاتفيا وليتوانيا وإستونيا وروسيا ورومانيا والمجر في الاستيطان الجماعي (من العبرية: كيبوتس- קיבוץ). كثير منهم يتحدثون اليديشية.يبوتس- קיבוץ). كثير منهم يتحدثون اليديشية. , The expression 'Eastern European Jewry' haThe expression 'Eastern European Jewry' has two meanings. Its first meaning refers to the current political spheres of the Eastern European countries and its second meaning refers to the Jewish communities in Russia and Poland. The phrase 'Eastern European Jews' or 'Jews of the East' (from German: Ostjuden) was established during the 19th century in the German Empire and in the western provinces of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, aiming to distinguish the integrating Jews in Central Europe from those Jews who lived in the East. This feature deals with the second meaning of the concept of Eastern European Jewry- the Jewish groups that lived in Poland, Ukraine, Belarus, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Russia, Romania, Hungary and modern-day Moldova in collective settlement (from Hebrew: Kibbutz- קיctive settlement (from Hebrew: Kibbutz- קי , Die Juden in Mittel- und Osteuropa waren bDie Juden in Mittel- und Osteuropa waren bis zum Holocaust die weltweit zahlenmäßig größte Bevölkerungsgruppe von Juden. Sie entwickelten eine eigene jüdische Gelehrsamkeit und besondere Formen der religiösen Praxis. Während des Holocaust wurde die überwiegende Mehrheit der Juden Osteuropas umgebracht. Mehrheit der Juden Osteuropas umgebracht.
rdfs:label Juden in Mittel- und Osteuropa , Eastern European Jewry , يهود أوربا الشرقية
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