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Закон о контроле за токсичными веществами … Закон о контроле за токсичными веществами (англ. Toxic Substances Control Act; сокр.: TSCA) — закон США, принятый конгрессом США в 1976 году, регулирующий оборот новых или существующих химических соединений. Он охватывал большинство существующих химических веществ, в противовес закону о Регистрации, Оценке и Авторизации Химических веществ (англ.: Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals; сокр.: (REACH)), который принял Европейский Союз. Тем не менее, как объяснено выше, Закон о контроле за токсичными веществами (далее TSCA) особенным образом регулирует продукты содержащие полихлорированный бифенил (англ.: polychlorinated biphenyl; сокр.: PCB). В противоположность тому, что подразумевает название закона, TSCA не разделяет химические вещества на категории токсичных и нетоксичных веществ. Скорее, он запрещает производство или импорт химических веществ, которые не перечислены в Реестре TSCA или которые подлежат исключению по одному из многих исключений. Химические вещества, перечисленные в реестре TSCA, считаются «существующими химическими веществами» (англ.: existing chemicals). Химические вещества, НЕ перечисленные в реестре TSCA, считаются «новыми химическими веществами» (англ.: new chemicals). В основном, производители обязаны направить уведомление об экологических характеристиках продукта до начала производства (англ.: pre-manufacture notice (PMN)) в Агентство по защите окружающей среды, США (англ.: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)), далее Агентство, до начала производства или импорта нового химического вещества в коммерческих целях. Существуют важные исключения из этого правила, включающие необходимость использования вещества в научного исследовательских целях, а также, для веществ, которые регулируются другими законами, например, такими как федеральный закон о пищевых продуктах, лекарственных средствах и косметике (Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act) или федеральный закон об инсектицидах, фунгицидах и родентицидах (Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act). Уведомления о новых химических веществах рассматриваются Агентством и, если Агентство обнаружит какой-либо «необоснованный риск для здоровья человека или окружающей среды», оно может регулировать оборот данного вещества различными способами, от ограничения областей применения или объёмов производства до полного запрета оборота данного вещества. полного запрета оборота данного вещества.
, The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is … The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is a United States law, passed by the 94th United States Congress in 1976 and administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), that regulates chemicals not regulated by other U.S. federal statutes, including chemicals already in commerce and the introduction of new chemicals. When the TSCA was put into place, all existing chemicals were considered to be safe for use and subsequently grandfathered in. Its three main objectives are to assess and regulate new commercial chemicals before they enter the market, to regulate chemicals already existing in 1976 that posed an "unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment", as for example PCBs, lead, mercury and radon, and to regulate these chemicals' distribution and use. Contrary to what the name implies, TSCA does not separate chemicals into categories of toxic and non-toxic. Rather it prohibits the manufacture or importation of chemicals that are not on the TSCA Inventory or subject to one of many exemptions. Chemicals listed on the TSCA inventory are referred to as "existing chemicals", while chemicals not listed are referred to as new chemicals. The TSCA defines the term "chemical substance" as "any organic or inorganic substance of a particular molecular identity, including any combination of these substances occurring in whole or in part as a result of a chemical reaction or occurring in nature, and any element or uncombined radical" although TSCA excludes chemicals regulated by other federal statutes from the definition of a chemical substance. Generally, manufacturers must submit premanufacturing notification to EPA prior to manufacturing or importing new chemicals for commerce. Exceptions include foods, food additives, drugs, cosmetics or devices regulated under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, pesticides regulated by the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, tobacco and tobacco products regulated by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, substances used only in small quantities for research and development under Section 5(h)(3), and radioactive materials and wastes regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission. EPA reviews new chemical notifications and if it finds an "unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment," it may regulate the substance from limiting uses or production volume to outright banning it. In 2016, the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act was the first major overhaul in many years.as the first major overhaul in many years.
, Der Toxic Substances Control Act 1976 (TSC … Der Toxic Substances Control Act 1976 (TSCA, ausgesprochen: „Toska“), also „Gefahrstoff-Überwachungsgesetz“, ist eine wichtige Norm der US-amerikanischen Chemikalienregulierung. Mit seiner Umsetzung ist die Environmental Protection Agency (EPA = US-amerikanische Umweltbehörde) beauftragt.S-amerikanische Umweltbehörde) beauftragt.
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Закон о контроле за токсичными веществами … Закон о контроле за токсичными веществами (англ. Toxic Substances Control Act; сокр.: TSCA) — закон США, принятый конгрессом США в 1976 году, регулирующий оборот новых или существующих химических соединений. Он охватывал большинство существующих химических веществ, в противовес закону о Регистрации, Оценке и Авторизации Химических веществ (англ.: Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals; сокр.: (REACH)), который принял Европейский Союз. Тем не менее, как объяснено выше, Закон о контроле за токсичными веществами (далее TSCA) особенным образом регулирует продукты содержащие полихлорированный бифенил (англ.: polychlorinated biphenyl; сокр.: PCB).л.: polychlorinated biphenyl; сокр.: PCB).
, Der Toxic Substances Control Act 1976 (TSC … Der Toxic Substances Control Act 1976 (TSCA, ausgesprochen: „Toska“), also „Gefahrstoff-Überwachungsgesetz“, ist eine wichtige Norm der US-amerikanischen Chemikalienregulierung. Mit seiner Umsetzung ist die Environmental Protection Agency (EPA = US-amerikanische Umweltbehörde) beauftragt.S-amerikanische Umweltbehörde) beauftragt.
, The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is … The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) is a United States law, passed by the 94th United States Congress in 1976 and administered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), that regulates chemicals not regulated by other U.S. federal statutes, including chemicals already in commerce and the introduction of new chemicals. When the TSCA was put into place, all existing chemicals were considered to be safe for use and subsequently grandfathered in. Its three main objectives are to assess and regulate new commercial chemicals before they enter the market, to regulate chemicals already existing in 1976 that posed an "unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment", as for example PCBs, lead, mercury and radon, and to regulate these chemicals' distribution and use.ate these chemicals' distribution and use.
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Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976
, Toxic Substances Control Act
, Закон США о контроле за токсичными веществами
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