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The North American SM-64 Navaho was a supe … The North American SM-64 Navaho was a supersonic intercontinental cruise missile project built by North American Aviation (NAA). The final design was capable of delivering a nuclear weapon to the USSR from bases within the US, while cruising at Mach 3 (3,700 km/h; 2,300 mph) at 60,000 feet (18,000 m) altitude. The missile is named after the Navajo Nation. The original 1946 project called for a relatively short-range system, a boost-glide weapon based on a winged V-2 rocket design. Over time the requirements were repeatedly extended, both due to the US Air Force's desire for longer ranged systems, as well as competition from similar weapons that successfully filled the shorter-range niche. This led to a new design based on a ramjet powered cruise missile, which also developed into a series of ever-larger versions, along with the booster rockets to launch them up to speed. Through this period the US Air Force was developing the SM-65 Atlas, based on rocket technology developed for Navaho. Atlas filled the same performance goals but could do so with total flight times measured in minutes rather than hours, and flying at speeds and altitudes which made them immune to interception, as opposed to merely very difficult to intercept as in the case of Navaho. With the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957 and the ensuing fears of a missile gap, Atlas received the highest development authority. Navaho continued as a backup, before being canceled in 1958 when Atlas successfully matured. Although Navaho did not enter service, its development provided useful research in a number of fields. A version of the Navaho airframe powered by a single turbojet became the AGM-28 Hound Dog, which was carried towards its targets on the Boeing B-52 Stratofortress and then flew the rest of the way at about Mach 2. The guidance system was used to guide the first Polaris submarines. The booster engine design, spun off to NAA's new Rocketdyne subsidiary, was used in various versions of the Atlas, PGM-11 Redstone, PGM-17 Thor, PGM-19 Jupiter, Mercury-Redstone, and the Juno series; it is therefore the direct ancestor of the engines used to launch the Saturn I and Saturn V moon rockets.ch the Saturn I and Saturn V moon rockets.
, De North American SM-64 Navaho was een exp … De North American SM-64 Navaho was een experimenteel Amerikaans supersonisch intercontinentaal kruisvluchtwapen. Het Navaho-programma liep van 1946 tot 1957, toen de Amerikaanse luchtmacht (USAF) het project afblies. Aan het eind van de jaren ’50 van vorige eeuw was de ontwikkeling van de eerste typen kruisvluchtwapens in volle gang. Dit kwam doordat de Amerikanen er – mede door de probleemloze lancering van de eerste Russische satellieten - achter waren gekomen dat hun eigen programma voor het ontwikkelen en perfectioneren van ballistische raketten behoorlijk op het Russische programma achterliep. Het hierdoor ontstane missile gap (letterlijk: "raketgat") moest worden overbrugd. En snel ook! De plannen met de North American Navaho SM-64 waren dan ook grootser en ambitieuzer opgezet dan bij de Northrop Snark SM-62 ofschoon beide raketten min of meer gelijktijdig met elkaar werden ontwikkeld. De USAF wilde eerst de subsonische Snark operationeel hebben; een jaar later gevolgd door de supersonische Navaho. Enkele jaren later zouden beide dan door nieuwe en inmiddels geperfectioneerde raketten worden vervangen. De ontwikkelingen liepen echter anders dan werd verwacht en de Navaho werd nooit operationeel. Ondanks alles zag de USAF het Navaho project als grote stap voorwaarts bij de raketontwikkeling. De Navaho vereiste totaal nieuwe technieken die een ingewikkelde raket voortbrachten. Door de aerodynamische verhitting (300° bij Mach 2 en 660° bij Mach 3) moesten nieuwe materialen worden benut. North American Aviation gebruikte titanium-legeringen die sterker waren dan aluminium en 40% lichter dan staal. Ook werden dure nieuwe materialen gebruikt in de elektrische circuits. Ongeteste technologie werd toegepast in de ontwikkeling van de canard vleugelconfiguratie, ramjets, geleiding en de massieve raketbooster.ts, geleiding en de massieve raketbooster.
, Die North American SM-64 Navaho war ein ex … Die North American SM-64 Navaho war ein experimenteller, überschallschneller und interkontinentaler Marschflugkörper, der von North American Aviation gebaut wurde. Das Programm lief von 1950 bis 1958, mit insgesamt zehn Starts auf dem Launch Complex 9 (LC-9) in der Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) zwischen 1956 und 1958. Launch Complex 10 (LC-10) war ebenfalls dem Navahoprogramm zugeteilt worden und ein Navaho startete auch 1956 von dort. Alle gestarteten Navahos waren G-26-Testversionen. Die Navaho bestand aus zwei Teilen, einer Startrakete mit flüssigem Treibstoff und dem eigentlichen Marschflugkörper, der den Gefechtskopf trug und von zwei Staustrahltriebwerken angetrieben wurde. Die Startrakete beschleunigte den Marschflugkörper auf nahezu Mach 3, wobei die Staustrahltriebwerke gezündet wurden und die Startrakete abgesprengt wurde. Erfolgreiche Starts wurden in Richtung der Karibischen Inseln durchgeführt. Die Flugkörper drehten dann um und landeten auf dem der CCAFS. Der Marschflugkörper wurde nach der Navajo-Nation benannt und hält sich an die von North American Aviation aufgestellte Tradition, Projekte mit Codenamen mit den Buchstaben „NA“ zu beginnen. Das Programm wurde nach fünf fehlgeschlagenen Startversuchen von insgesamt elf eingestellt. Die Geldgeber wechselten zu erfolgversprechenderen Projekten wie der SM-62 Snark und den Interkontinentalraketen Atlas und Titan. Ein ähnliches, aber deutlich ehrgeizigeres Projekt war der Marschflugkörper Pluto, der von 1956 bis 1964 entwickelt wurde und bei praktisch unbegrenzter Reichweite und mit neuentwickelter TERCOM-Navigation bis zu 24 Wasserstoffbomben in Feindesland tragen sollte.rstoffbomben in Feindesland tragen sollte.
, North American SM-64 Navaho – amerykański … North American SM-64 Navaho – amerykański strategiczny samolot-pocisk napędzany silnikami strumieniowymi, opracowywany w latach 50., nie wszedł do użytku. Prace nad pociskiem zostały rozpoczęte w 1946, a pierwsze próby lotne przeprowadzono w 1956. W 1957 podjęto jednak decyzję o zakończeniu programu, na korzyść pocisków balistycznych. Prace ostatecznie przerwano w 1958. Pocisk miał skrzydła typu delta i miał przenosić głowicę termojądrową. Silniki strumieniowe tego pocisku miały 120 cm średnicy (było to olbrzymie osiągnięcie technologiczne w tamtych czasach). System kierowania był programowy - astronawigacyjny (nawet podczas dnia lokalizował wybrane gwiazdy i opierając się na nich regulował żyroskopy).pierając się na nich regulował żyroskopy).
, SM-64 ナバホ(SM-64 Navaho)は、アメリカ合衆国で開発していた長距離地対地ミサイル。超音速飛行が可能な大陸間巡航ミサイルであり、ノースアメリカンが開発を行なっていた。長距離弾道ミサイルの実用化見通しにより、1958年に開発が中止された。
, El North American SM-64 Navaho fue un proy … El North American SM-64 Navaho fue un proyecto de misil de crucero intercontinental estadounidense, comenzado después del final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuando el Ejército de los Estados Unidos no consideraba prácticos tecnológicamente los misiles balísticos.cnológicamente los misiles balísticos.
, Le SM-64 Navaho (NAVAHO pour North America … Le SM-64 Navaho (NAVAHO pour North American Vehicle Alcohol [plus] Hydrogen peroxyde and Oxygen, en français : « Véhicule de Nord Aviation à l’Alcool, au peroxyde d’Hydrogène et à l’Oxygène »)est un missile de croisière supersonique intercontinental développé par North American Aviation entre 1946 et 1958. Il combine un étage de fusée et un étage propulsé par un statoréacteur volant à une vitesse un peu inférieure à Mach 3. Le programme, très ambitieux et très coûteux, a été annulé en 1957 avant d'être parvenu au stade opérationnel : le concept de missile de croisière supersonique sur lequel reposait le Navaho était beaucoup moins efficace que celui des missiles balistiques intercontinentaux qui s'étaient développés en parallèle au cours des années 1950. Le programme Navaho a néanmoins permis de mettre au point des techniques avancées dans le domaine des moteurs-fusées et du guidage inertiel qui ont été utilisées avec profit par les missiles et les lanceurs développés par la suite.s et les lanceurs développés par la suite.
, Il North American SM-64 Navajo era un prog … Il North American SM-64 Navajo era un progetto mai completato di missile da crociera statunitense, pensato per lo stesso profilo di missione che poi sarebbe stato ideato per l'XB-70, anch'esso dell'azienda North American, produttrice pochi anni prima del P-51. Tra il T-6 e il P-51 vi era stato un salto notevolissimo, 620 km/h contro 330, 1100 hp contro 450. Ma per giungere al Navajo il percorso era ancora più difficile. Si trattava di progettare una macchina capace di volare a 22.000 metri di quota e 3+ mach di velocità per 10.000 km e poi sganciare una testata nucleare. Ma per fare ciò tale ordigno era dotato di struttura molto sofisticata, pesante, costosa, ed esso era troppo evoluto per i suoi tempi. Dopo ben 11 anni di sviluppo, esso venne lasciato perdere in favore dei missili ICBM ancora più veloci e meno intercettabili. Da notare che esso saliva in verticale, con razzi impulsori, come lo Shuttle. Il suo peso, per raggiungere 10.000+ km, dato il dispendio energetico del volo ipersonico, era di ben 131 tonnellate al lancio, mentre lo Snark era 100 tonnellate più leggero, e sebbene più vulnerabile, restò in servizio per qualche anno come arma intercontinentale. qualche anno come arma intercontinentale.
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Le SM-64 Navaho (NAVAHO pour North America … Le SM-64 Navaho (NAVAHO pour North American Vehicle Alcohol [plus] Hydrogen peroxyde and Oxygen, en français : « Véhicule de Nord Aviation à l’Alcool, au peroxyde d’Hydrogène et à l’Oxygène »)est un missile de croisière supersonique intercontinental développé par North American Aviation entre 1946 et 1958. Il combine un étage de fusée et un étage propulsé par un statoréacteur volant à une vitesse un peu inférieure à Mach 3. Le programme, très ambitieux et très coûteux, a été annulé en 1957 avant d'être parvenu au stade opérationnel : le concept de missile de croisière supersonique sur lequel reposait le Navaho était beaucoup moins efficace que celui des missiles balistiques intercontinentaux qui s'étaient développés en parallèle au cours des années 1950. Le programme Navaho a néanmoins per 1950. Le programme Navaho a néanmoins per
, The North American SM-64 Navaho was a supe … The North American SM-64 Navaho was a supersonic intercontinental cruise missile project built by North American Aviation (NAA). The final design was capable of delivering a nuclear weapon to the USSR from bases within the US, while cruising at Mach 3 (3,700 km/h; 2,300 mph) at 60,000 feet (18,000 m) altitude. The missile is named after the Navajo Nation. missile is named after the Navajo Nation.
, De North American SM-64 Navaho was een exp … De North American SM-64 Navaho was een experimenteel Amerikaans supersonisch intercontinentaal kruisvluchtwapen. Het Navaho-programma liep van 1946 tot 1957, toen de Amerikaanse luchtmacht (USAF) het project afblies. Het hierdoor ontstane missile gap (letterlijk: "raketgat") moest worden overbrugd. En snel ook! De plannen met de North American Navaho SM-64 waren dan ook grootser en ambitieuzer opgezet dan bij de Northrop Snark SM-62 ofschoon beide raketten min of meer gelijktijdig met elkaar werden ontwikkeld.gelijktijdig met elkaar werden ontwikkeld.
, Die North American SM-64 Navaho war ein ex … Die North American SM-64 Navaho war ein experimenteller, überschallschneller und interkontinentaler Marschflugkörper, der von North American Aviation gebaut wurde. Das Programm lief von 1950 bis 1958, mit insgesamt zehn Starts auf dem Launch Complex 9 (LC-9) in der Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS) zwischen 1956 und 1958. Launch Complex 10 (LC-10) war ebenfalls dem Navahoprogramm zugeteilt worden und ein Navaho startete auch 1956 von dort. Alle gestarteten Navahos waren G-26-Testversionen.tarteten Navahos waren G-26-Testversionen.
, Il North American SM-64 Navajo era un prog … Il North American SM-64 Navajo era un progetto mai completato di missile da crociera statunitense, pensato per lo stesso profilo di missione che poi sarebbe stato ideato per l'XB-70, anch'esso dell'azienda North American, produttrice pochi anni prima del P-51.an, produttrice pochi anni prima del P-51.
, El North American SM-64 Navaho fue un proy … El North American SM-64 Navaho fue un proyecto de misil de crucero intercontinental estadounidense, comenzado después del final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, cuando el Ejército de los Estados Unidos no consideraba prácticos tecnológicamente los misiles balísticos.cnológicamente los misiles balísticos.
, SM-64 ナバホ(SM-64 Navaho)は、アメリカ合衆国で開発していた長距離地対地ミサイル。超音速飛行が可能な大陸間巡航ミサイルであり、ノースアメリカンが開発を行なっていた。長距離弾道ミサイルの実用化見通しにより、1958年に開発が中止された。
, North American SM-64 Navaho – amerykański … North American SM-64 Navaho – amerykański strategiczny samolot-pocisk napędzany silnikami strumieniowymi, opracowywany w latach 50., nie wszedł do użytku. Prace nad pociskiem zostały rozpoczęte w 1946, a pierwsze próby lotne przeprowadzono w 1956. W 1957 podjęto jednak decyzję o zakończeniu programu, na korzyść pocisków balistycznych. Prace ostatecznie przerwano w 1958.znych. Prace ostatecznie przerwano w 1958.
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| rdfs:label |
SM-64 Navaho
, North American SM-64 Navaho
, North American Navaho SM-64
, SM-64 (ミサイル)
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