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NASA Astronaut Group 6 (the "XS-11", "Exce … NASA Astronaut Group 6 (the "XS-11", "Excess Eleven") was a group of eleven astronauts announced by NASA on August 11, 1967, the second group of scientist-astronauts.Although Director of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton planned to hire 20 to 30 new scientist-astronauts, he did not expect any to fly because of a surplus of astronauts amid the looming dearth of post-Apollo program funding, exemplified by the concomitant devolution of the Apollo Applications Program into the Skylab Program. NASA found that only 11 of the 923 applicants were qualified, and hired all. When the group reported to the Manned Spacecraft Center, Slayton told them that "We don't need you around here". He offered to accept their resignations, and promised ground assignments if they did not quit, but warned them to not fool themselves that they would soon fly in space. With self-deprecation, the men named themselves the "XS-11", or "Excess Eleven". The group would be the last group selected by NASA for over a decade. The seven members who stayed with NASA after the Apollo Program ended went on to form the core of early Space Shuttle mission specialists, accomplishing a total of 15 flights between 1982 and 1996.total of 15 flights between 1982 and 1996.
, The XS-11 was de bijnaam van NASA's zesde astronautengroep, die in 1967 werd geselecteerd. Het was de tweede groep astronauten die uitsluitend uit wetenschappers bestond. De groep bestond uit:
, O Grupo 6 de Astronautas da NASA, também c … O Grupo 6 de Astronautas da NASA, também chamado de XS-11 ou Os Onze em Excesso, foi um grupo de astronautas selecionado pela Administração Nacional da Aeronáutica e Espaço (NASA) para integrarem o programa espacial dos Estados Unidos. Foi o sexto grupo de astronautas da NASA e o segundo composto por cientistas, tendo sido anunciado em 4 de agosto de 1967. Os onze eram Joseph Allen, Philip Chapman, Anthony England, Karl Henize, Donald Holmquest, William Lenoir, Anthony Llewellyn, Story Musgrave, Brian O'Leary, Robert Parker e William Thornton. A NASA tinha estabelecido planos ambiciosos para depois do encerramento do Programa Apollo, com um novo grupo de astronautas-cientistas sendo necessário para complementar o Grupo 5 de pilotos escolhidos em 1966. O processo inicial de seleção foi feito pela Academia Nacional de Ciências, que repassou os candidatos pré-aprovados para a NASA, que selecionou onze. Nesse período, cortes orçamentários no programa espacial começaram a ocorrer e os escolhidos foram avisados que não deveriam esperar poderem ir para o espaço devido a um excesso de astronautas e escassez de missões. Dos membros do Grupo 6, dois deixaram o programa espacial ainda no treinamento: Llewellyn por motivos pessoais e O'Leary por objeções contra a segurança dos treinamentos de voo. Os restantes, assim que seus treinamentos terminaram, foram designados para posições de apoio nos programas Apollo e Skylab. Chapman e Holmquest acabaram deixando a NASA depois disso pela falta de oportunidades de voo. Daqueles que permaneceram, todos foram para o espaço pelo menos uma vez no Ônibus Espacial, tendo atuado como os primeiros especialistas de missão do programa.eiros especialistas de missão do programa.
, Il NASA Astronaut Group 6 è stato selezionato dalla NASA nell'agosto del 1967. Story Musgrave
, 美国国家航空航天局的第六组宇航员，是美国国家航空航天局于1967年10月4日挑选的第六批宇航员。
, Astronautgrupp 6 blev uttagen 4 augusti 1967. Det var den andra gruppen av forskande astronauter som sammansattes och den kallades Överskridande elvan.
, Le groupe d'astronautes 6 (connu également … Le groupe d'astronautes 6 (connu également sous le nom de « The Excess Eleven » (XS-11), c'est-à-dire les « les onze en trop ») est le sixième groupe d'astronautes de la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sélectionné en octobre 1967 ; le second constitué de scientifiques-astronautes après le groupe 4, sélectionné deux ans plus tôt. Vingt et un scientifiques avaient été pré-sélectionnés : dix ont été recalés (parmi lesquels figure le physicien Gerard O'Neill) et onze finalement retenus. Mais pour être pleinement qualifiés, ils ont eu l'obligation de passer une année entière dans une école de formation de l'Air Education and Training Command pour le programme de Undergraduate Pilot Training (UPT), tout comme auparavant leurs collègues du groupe 4. Ce groupe a été constitué dans la perspective de constituer les équipages du programme « post-Apollo » (baptisé plus tard Skylab). Mais, en raison des importantes restrictions budgétaires imposées à la NASA au début des années 1970, ce programme a été réduit à trois missions, auxquelles ont pu participer seulement les membres du groupe 4 tandis que deux membres du groupe 6 étaient désignés suppléants (Musgrave pour le vol Skylab 2 et Lenoir pour Skylab 3 et 4), formés comme eux pour réaliser des activités extravéhiculaires. Quand il est apparu aux astronautes du groupe qu'ils ne pourraient pas voler avant une quinzaine d'années, ils se sont ironiquement baptisés The Excess Eleven (« Les onze en trop ») et quatre d'entre eux n'ont pas tardé à démissionner. Les sept membres restant ont formé le noyau de spécialistes de mission de la navette spatiale, accomplissant un total de 15 vols entre 1982 et 1996, Musgrave en réalisant six à lui seul (égalant alors le record jusqu'alors détenu par John Young). Seuls Allen et lui ont réalisé des activités extravéhiculaires lors des vols de la navette : deux pour Allen, d'une durée totale de 12 heures, et quatre pour Musgrave, soit un total de 26 heures, ce qui fait d'eux les astronautes les plus qualifiés du groupe. astronautes les plus qualifiés du groupe.
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Group 6 astronauts. Back row, L-R: Henize, England, Holmquest, Musgrave, Lenoir. Front row, L-R: Chapman, Parker, Thornton, Llewellyn. Flanking the group are Allen and O'Leary
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O Grupo 6 de Astronautas da NASA, também c … O Grupo 6 de Astronautas da NASA, também chamado de XS-11 ou Os Onze em Excesso, foi um grupo de astronautas selecionado pela Administração Nacional da Aeronáutica e Espaço (NASA) para integrarem o programa espacial dos Estados Unidos. Foi o sexto grupo de astronautas da NASA e o segundo composto por cientistas, tendo sido anunciado em 4 de agosto de 1967. Os onze eram Joseph Allen, Philip Chapman, Anthony England, Karl Henize, Donald Holmquest, William Lenoir, Anthony Llewellyn, Story Musgrave, Brian O'Leary, Robert Parker e William Thornton.O'Leary, Robert Parker e William Thornton.
, The XS-11 was de bijnaam van NASA's zesde astronautengroep, die in 1967 werd geselecteerd. Het was de tweede groep astronauten die uitsluitend uit wetenschappers bestond. De groep bestond uit:
, Astronautgrupp 6 blev uttagen 4 augusti 1967. Det var den andra gruppen av forskande astronauter som sammansattes och den kallades Överskridande elvan.
, Le groupe d'astronautes 6 (connu également … Le groupe d'astronautes 6 (connu également sous le nom de « The Excess Eleven » (XS-11), c'est-à-dire les « les onze en trop ») est le sixième groupe d'astronautes de la National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sélectionné en octobre 1967 ; le second constitué de scientifiques-astronautes après le groupe 4, sélectionné deux ans plus tôt. Quand il est apparu aux astronautes du groupe qu'ils ne pourraient pas voler avant une quinzaine d'années, ils se sont ironiquement baptisés The Excess Eleven (« Les onze en trop ») et quatre d'entre eux n'ont pas tardé à démissionner.'entre eux n'ont pas tardé à démissionner.
, 美国国家航空航天局的第六组宇航员，是美国国家航空航天局于1967年10月4日挑选的第六批宇航员。
, Il NASA Astronaut Group 6 è stato selezionato dalla NASA nell'agosto del 1967. Story Musgrave
, NASA Astronaut Group 6 (the "XS-11", "Exce … NASA Astronaut Group 6 (the "XS-11", "Excess Eleven") was a group of eleven astronauts announced by NASA on August 11, 1967, the second group of scientist-astronauts.Although Director of Flight Crew Operations Deke Slayton planned to hire 20 to 30 new scientist-astronauts, he did not expect any to fly because of a surplus of astronauts amid the looming dearth of post-Apollo program funding, exemplified by the concomitant devolution of the Apollo Applications Program into the Skylab Program. NASA found that only 11 of the 923 applicants were qualified, and hired all. applicants were qualified, and hired all.
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NASA Astronaut Group 6
, Grupo 6 de Astronautas da NASA
, Astronautgrupp 6
, Groupe d'astronautes 6
, 美国国家航空航天局第六组宇航员
, NASA Astronautengroep 6
|
