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악의적 기소(惡意的 起訴, Malicious prosecution)란 영미법의 불법행위의 하나로 피해를 줄 목적으로 법적 기소절차를 남용하는 것을 말한다. 특히 피해자를 상대로 소송을 제기하는 것을 말한다. 법에 의해 형사사건에서는 검사는 기소에 대한 손해배상 책임을 지지 않는다.
, 惡意檢控（Malicious prosecution、惡意控告），亦作惡意起訴，是英 … 惡意檢控（Malicious prosecution、惡意控告），亦作惡意起訴，是英美普通法系的一種，專指檢方故意以不合法理的方式起訴被告，以致司法資源遭浪費。它與侵權法的類似，包含以下三個元素： 1.
* 是否故意及帶有去進行（或唆使進行）民事或刑事訴訟， 2.
* 是否具有支持， 3.
* 而起訴結果是否因為對被訴一方有利。 起訴是否「惡意」，法官可從被告的起訴動機去決定，例如：是否屬於「報復性檢控」。在其他司法體系或其他場合，「惡意起訴」跟「濫用司法程序」有所區別：有些場合可能分別專指刑事及民事上的用途；但其他場合亦有可能指透過司法程序進行「非法」又或「不必要」的訴訟。具體定義要視乎場合而定。場合亦有可能指透過司法程序進行「非法」又或「不必要」的訴訟。具體定義要視乎場合而定。
, Malicious prosecution is a common law inte … Malicious prosecution is a common law intentional tort. Like the tort of abuse of process, its elements include (1) intentionally (and maliciously) instituting and pursuing (or causing to be instituted or pursued) a legal action (civil or criminal) that is (2) brought without probable cause and (3) dismissed in favor of the victim of the malicious prosecution. In some jurisdictions, the term "malicious prosecution" denotes the wrongful initiation of criminal proceedings, while the term "malicious use of process" denotes the wrongful initiation of civil proceedings. Criminal prosecuting attorneys and judges are protected from tort liability for malicious prosecution by doctrines of prosecutorial immunity and judicial immunity. Moreover, the mere filing of a complaint cannot constitute an abuse of process. The parties who have abused or misused the process have gone beyond merely filing a lawsuit. The taking of an appeal, even a frivolous one, is not enough to constitute an abuse of process. The mere filing or maintenance of a lawsuit, even for an improper purpose, is not a proper basis for an abuse of process action. Declining to expand the tort of malicious prosecution, a unanimous California Supreme Court in the case of Sheldon Appel Co. v. Albert & Oliker, 47 Cal. 3d 863, 873 (1989) observed: "While the filing of frivolous lawsuits is certainly improper and cannot in any way be condoned, in our view the better means of addressing the problem of unjustified litigation is through the adoption of measures facilitating the speedy resolution of the initial lawsuit and authorizing the imposition of sanctions for frivolous or delaying conduct within that first action itself, rather than through an expansion of the opportunities for initiating one or more additional rounds of malicious prosecution litigation after the first action has been concluded."fter the first action has been concluded."
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Malicious prosecution is a common law inte … Malicious prosecution is a common law intentional tort. Like the tort of abuse of process, its elements include (1) intentionally (and maliciously) instituting and pursuing (or causing to be instituted or pursued) a legal action (civil or criminal) that is (2) brought without probable cause and (3) dismissed in favor of the victim of the malicious prosecution. In some jurisdictions, the term "malicious prosecution" denotes the wrongful initiation of criminal proceedings, while the term "malicious use of process" denotes the wrongful initiation of civil proceedings. wrongful initiation of civil proceedings.
, 惡意檢控（Malicious prosecution、惡意控告），亦作惡意起訴，是英 … 惡意檢控（Malicious prosecution、惡意控告），亦作惡意起訴，是英美普通法系的一種，專指檢方故意以不合法理的方式起訴被告，以致司法資源遭浪費。它與侵權法的類似，包含以下三個元素： 1.
* 是否故意及帶有去進行（或唆使進行）民事或刑事訴訟， 2.
* 是否具有支持， 3.
* 而起訴結果是否因為對被訴一方有利。 起訴是否「惡意」，法官可從被告的起訴動機去決定，例如：是否屬於「報復性檢控」。在其他司法體系或其他場合，「惡意起訴」跟「濫用司法程序」有所區別：有些場合可能分別專指刑事及民事上的用途；但其他場合亦有可能指透過司法程序進行「非法」又或「不必要」的訴訟。具體定義要視乎場合而定。場合亦有可能指透過司法程序進行「非法」又或「不必要」的訴訟。具體定義要視乎場合而定。
, 악의적 기소(惡意的 起訴, Malicious prosecution)란 영미법의 불법행위의 하나로 피해를 줄 목적으로 법적 기소절차를 남용하는 것을 말한다. 특히 피해자를 상대로 소송을 제기하는 것을 말한다. 법에 의해 형사사건에서는 검사는 기소에 대한 손해배상 책임을 지지 않는다.
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| rdfs:label |
惡意檢控
, 악의적 기소
, Malicious prosecution
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