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| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract | Im Mittelalter hatte Visby auf der Insel G … Im Mittelalter hatte Visby auf der Insel Gotland mehr Kirchen als irgendeine Stadt in Schweden, zu dem Gotland allerdings vor 1645 nur von 1288 bis 1361 gehörte. Innerhalb der Stadtmauern gab es mindestens zwölf und außerhalb standen zwei Kirchen. Von diesen vierzehn Gotteshäusern ist heute nur noch der Dom intakt, die übrigen sind teils Ruinen, teils ganz verschwunden. Hingegen sind von den gotländischen Landkirchen noch viele gut erhalten.schen Landkirchen noch viele gut erhalten. , There are nineteen known ruined churches o … There are nineteen known ruined churches on the Swedish island of Gotland, twelve of which lie in Visby, the island's main town. Of these, ten lie within the medieval city walls. Three additional church ruins in Visby are known through written sources, but today completely vanished. Gotland began to gradually abandon Norse religion and adopt Christianity during the 11th century. While the earliest churches were wooden, construction of stone churches began during the 12th century. The church building period was fairly short; in the countryside stone churches were erected between the early 12th and mid-14th centuries, while in Visby the last churches were inaugurated during the 15th century. Some of these churches have since fallen into ruin. Of the 94 medieval parish churches in the countryside, 91 are still in use. Three were abandoned following the Reformation, when parishes were merged, and some churches became superfluous. There are in addition three chapel ruins, or ruins of small churches, in the countryside. There are also the ruins of two Cistercian abbeys, one in the countryside and one just outside the city wall of Visby. Although the exact number of churches that existed in Visby during the Middle Ages is unknown, there were certainly more than in any other Swedish city, and at least twelve within the city walls. Visby grew to become an important trading port during the Middle Ages, and most of the churches in the city were built during the 12th and 13th centuries. The churches were not, as in the countryside, only parish churches. Some belonged to abbeys, almshouses or served groups of traders of a specific nationality, such as the Russian Church or present-day Visby Cathedral, which was originally a church used by German traders. Following the Black Death, the invasion of Gotland by Valdemar IV of Denmark and the Battle of Visby in 1361, and a general decrease in trade, Gotland entered a period of decline. From about 1361, building activity therefore dropped. The inauguration of Sankta Karin in 1412 marks the end of church building activity in Visby. When troops from Lübeck pillaged the city in 1525, and probably damaged several of the churches, the social and economic rationale for sustaining them had vanished. With the advent of the Reformation soon afterwards, the religious rationale to sustain the upkeep of the many churches also permanently disappeared. All monasteries were abolished and all churches within the city walls except one (present-day Visby Cathedral) were abandoned and left to decay. During the following centuries, some church ruins were used as quarries. In 1805 the church ruins were protected by law and in 1863 the Swedish state for the first time allocated money for their conservation.me allocated money for their conservation. , Esta é uma lista de igrejas arruinadas loc … Esta é uma lista de igrejas arruinadas localizadas em Gotlândia, atualmente há um total de dezenove igrejas arruinadas na ilha sueca de Gotlândia, no mar Báltico. Doze das quais encontram-se em Visby, principal cidade da ilha. Destas, dez se encontram dentro das muralhas medievais da cidade. Além de outras três igrejas arruinadas conhecidas apenas através de fontes escritas. Gotlândia começou a abandonar gradualmente a religião nórdica e adotar o cristianismo durante o século XI. Enquanto as primeiras igrejas eram construídas de madeiras, as construções de igrejas de pedras iniciaram durante o século XII. O período de construção das igrejas foi relativamente curto; no campo as igrejas de pedras foram erguidas entre o século XII e início do século XIV, enquanto em Visby, as últimas igrejas foram inauguradas durante o século XV. Algumas dessas igrejas, desde então, caíram em ruínas. Das 94 igrejas e paróquias medievais no campo, 91 ainda estão em uso. Três foram abandonadas após a reforma religiosa, em relação as paróquias, algumas foram fundidas e algumas igrejas se tornaram supérfluas. Embora o número exato de igrejas que existiam em Visby durante a Idade Média é desconhecido, havia certamente mais do que em qualquer outra cidade sueca, e pelo menos doze dentro dos muros da cidade. Visby cresceu e se tornou um importante porto comercial durante a Idade Média, a maior parte das igrejas da cidade foram construídas durante os séculos XII e XIII. As igrejas não eram, como no campo, apenas paroquiais. Algumas pertenciam a abadias, asilos ou até a determinados grupos de comerciantes de uma nacionalidade específica, como a Igreja Russa ou a atual Catedral de Visby, que era originalmente uma igreja usada por comerciantes alemães. Posteriormente a Peste Negra, ocorreu a invasão de Gotlândia por Valdemar IV da Dinamarca e a Batalha de Visby em 1361, esses fatores resultaram em uma redução do comércio, Gotlândia entra em um período de declínio, portanto, as atividades de construções caíram. A inauguração de Sankta Karin em 1412 marca o fim das atividades de construções de igrejas em Visby. Quando as tropas de Lübeck pilharam a cidade em 1525, provavelmente danificando várias das igrejas, a racionalidade social e econômica para sustentá-las havia desaparecido. Após o advento da Reforma Protestante, a justificativa religiosa para sustentar a manutenção de muitas das igrejas também desapareceu de forma permanente. Todos os mosteiros foram abolidos e todas as igrejas dentro das muralhas da cidade, exceto uma (Catedral de Visby) foram abandonadas e deixadas à deterioração. Durante os séculos seguintes, algumas ruínas das igrejas foram usadas como pedreiras. Em 1805 as igrejas arruinadas foram protegidas por lei e, em 1863, o Estado sueco pela primeira vez alocou dinheiro para a conservação.ra vez alocou dinheiro para a conservação. |
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| rdfs:comment | Esta é uma lista de igrejas arruinadas loc … Esta é uma lista de igrejas arruinadas localizadas em Gotlândia, atualmente há um total de dezenove igrejas arruinadas na ilha sueca de Gotlândia, no mar Báltico. Doze das quais encontram-se em Visby, principal cidade da ilha. Destas, dez se encontram dentro das muralhas medievais da cidade. Além de outras três igrejas arruinadas conhecidas apenas através de fontes escritas.hecidas apenas através de fontes escritas. , Im Mittelalter hatte Visby auf der Insel G … Im Mittelalter hatte Visby auf der Insel Gotland mehr Kirchen als irgendeine Stadt in Schweden, zu dem Gotland allerdings vor 1645 nur von 1288 bis 1361 gehörte. Innerhalb der Stadtmauern gab es mindestens zwölf und außerhalb standen zwei Kirchen. Von diesen vierzehn Gotteshäusern ist heute nur noch der Dom intakt, die übrigen sind teils Ruinen, teils ganz verschwunden. Hingegen sind von den gotländischen Landkirchen noch viele gut erhalten.schen Landkirchen noch viele gut erhalten. , There are nineteen known ruined churches o … There are nineteen known ruined churches on the Swedish island of Gotland, twelve of which lie in Visby, the island's main town. Of these, ten lie within the medieval city walls. Three additional church ruins in Visby are known through written sources, but today completely vanished.en sources, but today completely vanished. |
| rdfs:label | Kirchen von Visby , Lista de igrejas arruinadas em Gotlândia , List of church ruins on Gotland |
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