| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract
|
The history of structural engineering date … The history of structural engineering dates back to at least 2700 BC when the step pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser was built by Imhotep, the first architect in history known by name. Pyramids were the most common major structures built by ancient civilizations because it is a structural form which is inherently stable and can be almost infinitely scaled (as opposed to most other structural forms, which cannot be linearly increased in size in proportion to increased loads). Another notable engineering feat from antiquity still in use today is the qanat water management system. Qanat technology developed in the time of the Medes, the predecessors of the Persian Empire (modern-day Iran which has the oldest and longest Qanat (older than 3000 years and longer than 71 km) that also spread to other cultures having had contact with the Persian. Throughout ancient and medieval history most architectural design and construction was carried out by artisans, such as stone masons and carpenters, rising to the role of master builder. No theory of structures existed and understanding of how structures stood up was extremely limited, and based almost entirely on empirical evidence of 'what had worked before'. Knowledge was retained by guilds and seldom supplanted by advances. Structures were repetitive, and increases in scale were incremental. No record exists of the first calculations of the strength of structural members or the behaviour of structural material, but the profession of structural engineer only really took shape with the Industrial Revolution and the re-invention of concrete (see History of concrete). The physical sciences underlying structural engineering began to be understood in the Renaissance and have been developing ever since.sance and have been developing ever since.
, 구조공학의 역사의 시작은 임호텝이 파라오 조세르를 위한 를 건설하던 시기로 … 구조공학의 역사의 시작은 임호텝이 파라오 조세르를 위한 를 건설하던 시기로 거슬러 올라간다. 피라미드는 고대 문명이 건설한 제일 일반적인 주요 건축물이었는데, 증가하는 하중에 비례하여 크기를 선형적으로 증대시킬 수 없는 대부분의 다른 구조적인 형태와는 대조적으로, 피라미드가 내재적으로 안정적이고 크기를 거의 무한히 키울 수 있기 때문이다. 또다른 여전히 오늘날에 사용되는 주목할만한 공학적인 업적은 카나트 수자원 관리 체계다.카나트 기술은 페르시아 제국의 선조인 메디아 (기원 전 1000년 경에 건축되었으며 길이기 71km 이상인 제일 오래되고 긴 카나트를 건축한 현대 이란의 선조) 시대에 개발되었는데, 기술은 페르시아와 접촉해왔던 다른 문화권으로 퍼져나갔다. 고대와 중세의 역사에 걸쳐 대부분의 건축적인 설계와 건설은 과 목수와 같은 장인들이 의 역할을 담당하여 도맡아했다. 구조 이론은 존재하지 않았으며 어떻게 구조물이 서있는지에 대한 이해는 극단적으로 제한되었고, 거의 전적으로 '이전에 어떻게 작업했었는지'에 대한 실증적인 증거에 기초했다. 길드가 지식을 제공했고 진보는 드물었다. 구조물들은 반복적이었고, 규모는 점진적으로 증가했다. 구조 부재의 강도나 구조적인 재료의 작용에 대한 최초의 계산의 기록은 존재하지 않지만, 구조공학자의 직종은 산업혁명과 과 함께 형체를 갖추었다. 구조공학을 뒷받침하는 물리학은 르네상스 시기부터 이해되기 시작하였고 그 이후로 계속해서 발전해왔다.리학은 르네상스 시기부터 이해되기 시작하였고 그 이후로 계속해서 발전해왔다.
, يرجع تاريخ الهندسة الإنشائية إلى 2700 ق.م. … يرجع تاريخ الهندسة الإنشائية إلى 2700 ق.م. على الأقل عندما بني الهرم للفرعون جوسر على يد إمحوتب، المهندس المعماري الأول في التاريخ المعروف. وكانت الأهرامات أكثر البنى الرئيسية شيوعًا في أبنية الحضارات القديمة، لأنها شكل هيكلي يتسم بالاستقرار بطبيعته، ويمكن قياسه إلى ما لا نهاية تقريبا (خلافًا لمعظم الأشكال الهيكلية الأخرى، التي لا يمكن زيادتها بمقدار خطي يتناسب مع الأحمال المتزايدة). ومن بين الإنجازات الهندسية البارزة الأخرى التي ما زالت قيد الاستخدام اليوم نظام إدارة المياه بالقنوات. طورت تكنولوجيا القنوات في زمن الميديين، سلف الإمبراطورية الفارسية (إيران اليوم)، والتي لديها أقدم وأطول قناة (منذ أكثر من 3000 سنة، وطولها أكثر من 71 كيلومترًا)، والتي انتشرت أيضا إلى ثقافات أخرى كانت على اتصال بالفارسية. على مر التاريخ القديم والقرون الوسطى، كانت معظم أعمال التصميم المعماري والإنشاء مصممة من الحرفيين، كالمختصين بأبنية الحجارة والنجارين، وارتقت إلى دور البناء الرئيسي. لم توجد أي نظرية تتعلق بالإنشاءات، وكان فهم الكيفية التي تصمد بها المنشآت محدودًا للغاية، ويستند بشكل شبه كامل إلى أدلة تجريبية على «ما نجح من قبل». وكانت البنى متكررة، وكانت الزيادات في الحجم تدريجية. لا توجد أي سجلات تتعلق بالحسابات الأولى لقوة العناصر الإنشائية أو سلوك المواد الإنشائية، لكن مهنة الهندسة الإنشائية لم تتشكل إلا في الثورة الصناعية وبعد إعادة اختراع الخرسانة. بدأت العلوم الفيزيائية التي تقوم عليها الهندسة الإنشائية في مجاراة عصر النهضة، وظلت تتطور منذ ذلك الحين.اراة عصر النهضة، وظلت تتطور منذ ذلك الحين.
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/thumbnail
|
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Imhotep-Louvre.jpg?width=300 +
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageExternalLink
|
https://issuu.com/udc3/docs/world_expos._a_history_of_structure +
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageID
|
17326228
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageLength
|
25292
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageRevisionID
|
1058029440
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageWikiLink
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Robert_Hooke +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Construction_of_the_World_Trade_Center +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Master_Builder_%28occupation%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Calculus +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Water_resource_management +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/MIT +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/DeWitt-Chestnut_Apartment_Building +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Steel +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fundamental_theorem_of_calculus +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Eiffel_Tower +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tube_%28structure%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Surveying +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Reinforced_concrete +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Vitruvius +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hyperboloid_structure +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pipeline_transport +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Djoser +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Thermae +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Shukhov_tower_shabolovka_moscow_02.jpg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Golden_Horn +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pyramid +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Thomas_Bouch +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:3rd-millennium_BC_introductions +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dioptra +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Paraboloid +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Masonry +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/History_of_sanitation_and_water_supply +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Petronas_Twin_Towers +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Skyscraper +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sydney_Opera_House +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Hancock_Center +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Marne_River +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ancient_Rome +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Structural_engineering +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Euclidean_geometry +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Fleetwood_Baker +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pharaoh +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wrought_iron +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chorobates +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Bage +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Two_New_Sciences +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gridshell +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Renaissance +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:History_of_construction +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sky_lobby +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Branobel +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Architecture +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Joseph_Aspdin +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Archimedes +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Thin-shell_structure +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Groma_surveying +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Eug%C3%A8ne_Freyssinet +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sir_Isaac_Newton +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Triangles +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Galileo_Galilei_by_Ottavio_Leoni_Marucelliana_%28cropped%29.jpg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Carlo_Alberto_Castigliano +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Galileo +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Buckling +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jean_Bernoulli +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Skyscraper_design_and_construction +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fatigue_%28material%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/High_Middle_Ages +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Galileo_Galilei +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Benjamin_Baker_%28engineer%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Egypt +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Composite_materials +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tay_Rail_Bridge +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Persian_Empire +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Moment_distribution_method +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Guilds +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Philosophiae_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Imhotep +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Thaddeus_Hyatt +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cast_iron +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Prestressed_concrete +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Daniel_Bernoulli +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Creep_%28deformation%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Vladimir_Shukhov +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Flying_buttress +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fracture_mechanics +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chicago +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/William_Arrol +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/World_Trade_Center_%281973%E2%80%932001%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Robert_Maillart +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ditherington_Flax_Mill +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bessemer_process +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Concrete +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Harbours +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:ForthRailwayBridge_27-06-2005_2150_TakenByEuchiasmus.JPG +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Isaac_Newton +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hooke%27s_Law +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/De_Architectura +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Tour_Eiffel%2C_July_1888.jpg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Derby +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Western_world +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Euler%E2%80%93Bernoulli_beam_theory +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Richard_Courant +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Salginatobel_Bridge +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Imhotep-Louvre.JPG +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Acceleration +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Step_pyramid +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tensile_structure +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mild_steel +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Henry_Bessemer +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Medes +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ancient_Egypt +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Lighthouses +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alexander_Hrennikoff +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:History_of_structural_engineering +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Iran +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Earthquake_engineering +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Portland_cement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Claude-Louis_Navier +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Shrewsbury +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Second_moment_of_area +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Computers +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Machines +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Belper_North_Mill +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Carpenter +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Taipei_101 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Joseph_Monier +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ferrocement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Physical_sciences +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Virtual_work +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fazlur_Khan +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sears_Tower +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Belper_mill.jpg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonhard_Euler +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonardo_da_Vinci +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Archimedes_lever_%28Small%29.jpg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Artisan +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Center_of_mass +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Elastic_modulus +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Plougastel_Bridge +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/William_Strutt_%28inventor%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gottfried_Leibniz +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sphere +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/J%C3%B6rg_Schlaich +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Vibration_control +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Roman_aqueduct +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gravity +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Forth_Railway_Bridge +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Industrial_Revolution +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Columns +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sir_John_Fowler%2C_1st_Baronet +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Finite_element_analysis +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Gothic_architecture_of_Notre_Dame_de_Paris.jpg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hardy_Cross +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Base_isolation +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Qanat +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Leonhard_Euler_2.jpg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fire_engineering +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Force +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Joseph-Louis_Lambot +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Bessemer_Converter_Sheffield.jpg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pierre_Varignon +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hennebique +
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/wikiPageUsesTemplate
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Quote +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Reflist +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Citation_needed +
|
| http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:History_of_construction +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:3rd-millennium_BC_introductions +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:History_of_structural_engineering +
|
| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_structural_engineering?oldid=1058029440&ns=0 +
|
| http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depiction
|
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Gothic_architecture_of_Notre_Dame_de_Paris.jpg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Galileo_Galilei_by_Ottavio_Leoni_Marucelliana_%28cropped%29.jpg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Bessemer_Converter_Sheffield.jpg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Leonhard_Euler_2.jpg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Belper_mill.jpg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Imhotep-Louvre.jpg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Shukhov_tower_shabolovka_moscow_02.jpg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/ForthRailwayBridge_27-06-2005_2150_TakenByEuchiasmus.jpg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Pont_du_Gard_BLS.jpg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tour_Eiffel%2C_July_1888.jpg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Archimedes_lever_%28Small%29.jpg +
|
| http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/isPrimaryTopicOf
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_structural_engineering +
|
| owl:sameAs |
http://ko.dbpedia.org/resource/%EA%B5%AC%EC%A1%B0%EA%B3%B5%ED%95%99%EC%9D%98_%EC%97%AD%EC%82%AC +
, http://rdf.freebase.com/ns/m.0118vp_0 +
, http://fa.dbpedia.org/resource/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%87 +
, http://ar.dbpedia.org/resource/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/History_of_structural_engineering +
, http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q17163332 +
, https://global.dbpedia.org/id/gkE1 +
, http://bn.dbpedia.org/resource/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8C%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8 +
|
| rdfs:comment |
구조공학의 역사의 시작은 임호텝이 파라오 조세르를 위한 를 건설하던 시기로 … 구조공학의 역사의 시작은 임호텝이 파라오 조세르를 위한 를 건설하던 시기로 거슬러 올라간다. 피라미드는 고대 문명이 건설한 제일 일반적인 주요 건축물이었는데, 증가하는 하중에 비례하여 크기를 선형적으로 증대시킬 수 없는 대부분의 다른 구조적인 형태와는 대조적으로, 피라미드가 내재적으로 안정적이고 크기를 거의 무한히 키울 수 있기 때문이다. 또다른 여전히 오늘날에 사용되는 주목할만한 공학적인 업적은 카나트 수자원 관리 체계다.카나트 기술은 페르시아 제국의 선조인 메디아 (기원 전 1000년 경에 건축되었으며 길이기 71km 이상인 제일 오래되고 긴 카나트를 건축한 현대 이란의 선조) 시대에 개발되었는데, 기술은 페르시아와 접촉해왔던 다른 문화권으로 퍼져나갔다. 고대와 중세의 역사에 걸쳐 대부분의 건축적인 설계와 건설은 과 목수와 같은 장인들이 의 역할을 담당하여 도맡아했다. 구조 이론은 존재하지 않았으며 어떻게 구조물이 서있는지에 대한 이해는 극단적으로 제한되었고, 거의 전적으로 '이전에 어떻게 작업했었는지'에 대한 실증적인 증거에 기초했다. 길드가 지식을 제공했고 진보는 드물었다. 구조물들은 반복적이었고, 규모는 점진적으로 증가했다.했고 진보는 드물었다. 구조물들은 반복적이었고, 규모는 점진적으로 증가했다.
, The history of structural engineering date … The history of structural engineering dates back to at least 2700 BC when the step pyramid for Pharaoh Djoser was built by Imhotep, the first architect in history known by name. Pyramids were the most common major structures built by ancient civilizations because it is a structural form which is inherently stable and can be almost infinitely scaled (as opposed to most other structural forms, which cannot be linearly increased in size in proportion to increased loads).in size in proportion to increased loads).
, يرجع تاريخ الهندسة الإنشائية إلى 2700 ق.م. … يرجع تاريخ الهندسة الإنشائية إلى 2700 ق.م. على الأقل عندما بني الهرم للفرعون جوسر على يد إمحوتب، المهندس المعماري الأول في التاريخ المعروف. وكانت الأهرامات أكثر البنى الرئيسية شيوعًا في أبنية الحضارات القديمة، لأنها شكل هيكلي يتسم بالاستقرار بطبيعته، ويمكن قياسه إلى ما لا نهاية تقريبا (خلافًا لمعظم الأشكال الهيكلية الأخرى، التي لا يمكن زيادتها بمقدار خطي يتناسب مع الأحمال المتزايدة).ا بمقدار خطي يتناسب مع الأحمال المتزايدة).
|
| rdfs:label |
구조공학의 역사
, History of structural engineering
, تاريخ الهندسة الإنشائية
|
