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http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract	カタルーニャの歴史について述べる。 , Dit artikel behandelt de geschiedenis van Catalonië, het gebied dat tegenwoordig de autonome gemeenschap van Catalonië omvat en de aansluitende Franse landstreek Roussillon. , Catalonia was first settled during the Mid … Catalonia was first settled during the Middle Palaeolithic era. Like the rest of the Mediterranean side of the Iberian Peninsula, the area was occupied by the Iberians and several Greek colonies were established on the coast before the Roman conquest. It was the first area of Hispania conquered by the Romans. It then came under Visigothic rule after the collapse of the western part of the Roman Empire. In 718, the area was occupied by the Umayyad Caliphate and became a part of Muslim ruled al-Andalus. The Frankish Empire conquered the area from the Muslims, ending with the conquest of Barcelona in 801, as part of the creation of a larger buffer zone of Christian counties against Islamic rule historiographically known as the Marca Hispanica. In the 10th century the County of Barcelona became progressively independent from Frankish rule. In 1137, Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona betrothed the heiress of the Kingdom of Aragon, Petronilla, establishing the dynastic union of the County of Barcelona with Aragon, the Crown of Aragon, while the County of Barcelona and the other Catalan counties were consolidated into a political entity, the Principality of Catalonia, which developed an institutional system (Courts, constitutions, Generalitat) that limited the power of the kings. Catalonia contributed to the expansion of the Crown's trade and military, most significantly their navy. The Catalan language flourished and expanded as more territories were added to the Crown of Aragon, including Valencia, the Balearic Islands, Sardinia, Sicily, Naples, and Athens. The Crisis of the Late Middle Ages, the end of the reign of House of Barcelona, serf and urban conflicts and a a civil war (1462–1472) weakened the role of the Principality within the Crown and internationally. The marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile in 1469 created a dynastic union between the Crowns of Aragon and Castile, and both realms kept their own laws, institutions, borders and currency. In 1492 the Spanish colonization of the Americas began, political power began to shift away towards Castile. Tensions between Catalan institutions and the Monarchy, alongside the economic crisis and the peasants' revolts, caused the Reapers' War (1640–1659), being briefly proclaimed a Catalan Republic. The political status of the Principality of Catalonia came to an end after the War of Spanish Succession (1701–1714), in which the Crown of Aragon supported the claim of the Archduke Charles of Habsburg. Following Catalan surrender on 11 September 1714, the king Philip V of Bourbon, inspired by the model of France imposed a unifying administration across Spain, enacting the Nueva Planta decrees, which supressed the main Catalan political institutions and rights and merged it into Castile as a province. These led to the eclipse of Catalan as a language of government and literature. Catalonia experienced economic growth, reinforced in the late 18th century when Cádiz's trade monopoly with American colonies ended. In the 19th century Catalonia was severely affected by the Napoleonic and Carlist Wars. The Napoleonic occupation and subsequent war in Spain began a period of political and economic turmoil. In the second third of the century, Catalonia became a center of industrialization. As wealth from the industrial expansion grew, Catalonia saw a cultural renaissance coupled with incipient nationalism while several workers movements (particularly anarchism) appeared. In the 20th century, Catalonia enjoyed and lost varying degrees of autonomy. The Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939) established Catalan self-government and the official use of the Catalan language. Like much of Spain, Catalonia (which, in turn, expererienced a revolutionary process) fought to defend the Republic in the Civil War of 1936–1939. The Republican defeat established the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, which unleashed a harsh repression and suppressed the autonomy. With Spain devastated and cut off from international trade and the autarkic politics of the regime, Catalonia, as an industrial center, suffered severely; the economic recovery was slow. Between 1959 and 1974 Spain experienced the second-fastest economic expansion in the world known as the Spanish Miracle, and Catalonia prospered as Spain's most important industrial and tourist area. In 1975 Franco died, bringing his regime to an end, and the new democratic Spanish constitution of 1978 recognised Catalonia's autonomy and language. It regained considerable self-government in internal affairs and today remains one of the most economically dynamic communities of Spain. In the 2010s there have been growing calls for Catalan independence.en growing calls for Catalan independence. , Cataluña es un territorio situado en el no … Cataluña es un territorio situado en el noreste de la península ibérica formado inicialmente a partir de los condados que formaban la Marca Hispánica del Imperio carolingio y cuya extensión y unidad fue completándose a lo largo de la Edad Media. Tras la unión dinástica del condado de Barcelona y el Reino de Aragón en el siglo XII, los territorios catalanes se constituyeron en parte integrante de la Corona de Aragón, alcanzando una notable preponderancia marítima y comercial a finales del período medieval. Actualmente, la palabra Cataluña se emplea habitualmente para referirse a la comunidad autónoma del mismo nombre situada en España, mientras que tanto instituciones culturales, tales como el Instituto de Estudios Catalanes y la Universidad de Perpiñán, como medios de comunicación catalanes, hablan de Cataluña Norte para hacer referencia al Rosellón, la región integrada en el Departamento de los Pirineos Orientales de Francia.nto de los Pirineos Orientales de Francia. , Catalunya és un territori històric format … Catalunya és un territori històric format originalment a partir dels comtats que formaven la Marca Hispànica, al nord-est de la península Ibèrica, en temps de Carlemany. Avui en dia, el mot «Catalunya» s'empra sobretot per referir-se a la Comunitat Autònoma de Catalunya, a Espanya, i la Catalunya del Nord, que forma el Departament dels Pirineus Orientals a França. Sobre la base llatina es van superposar dos prestrats principals en la formació del que serà Catalunya: el visigot i l'àrab, amb diferent grau d'incidència segons la part de Catalunya (nova o vella) i diversa influència en el temps d'estada i la composició social. El nom de Catalunya podria venir d'aquesta època i faria referència al gran nombre de castells i fortaleses que hi havia pel seu caràcter de frontera. En el sistema feudal era habitual que el noble en possessió d'un feu delegués l'administració d'un castell en un vassall seu, anomenat castlà. Sembla que seria a partir d'aquest càrrec que sorgiria el nom de Catalunya, en un procés lingüístic semblant al que originà el nom de Castella a partir de castell. Gran part de la història de Catalunya, fins al 1714, està vinculada a l'establiment d'una unió dinàstica d'Aragó i Catalunya que es materialitzà políticament en la Corona d'Aragó. Per tant, la gran majoria dels fets històrics que afectaren Catalunya tracten d'esdeveniments que ja havien implicat, o acaben implicant igualment, la resta dels països hispànics de la Corona d'Aragó. No obstant això, pel caràcter confederal de la seva estructura política, els esdeveniments poden haver tingut en moments diferents o, fins i tot, amb algunes diferències respecte de la resta del territori. Així, per exemple, la numeració dels reis de la Corona, com a sobirans de Catalunya, podria no coincidir amb la numeració respectiva al Regne de València o al Regne d'Aragó o, un altre exemple, els Decrets de Nova Planta no s'aplicaren exactament igual ni en el temps ni en la forma ni en el contingut. Quan parlem de la història de Catalunya, com a entitat territorial, no es refereix a les delimitacions territorials de l'actual Comunitat Autònoma de Catalunya, sinó a les delimitacions del territori històric del Principat de Catalunya. Per tant, en aquest article també es recull la història de la Catalunya Nord. La gran expansió feudal catalana es dona, però, al segle xiii i principi del xiv, i arran de la qual la Corona d'Aragó s'amplià amb els dominis mediterranis de Mallorca, Sicília i Sardenya, a més de València. L'expansió s'inicià amb el rei Jaume I, que va conquerir Mallorca (1229) -d'on expulsà la població musulmana- i València (1238) -territori al qual es donà l'estatut de regne i que fou repoblat majoritàriament per catalans-. Posteriorment, i coincidint amb el gran desenvolupament social i econòmic de Catalunya a l'edat mitjana, els dominis catalans s'estengueren Mediterrània enllà fins a Sicília i Sardenya. Tanmateix, a partir de mitjan segle xiv, s'inicià una època de crisi demogràfica (desencadenada fonamentalment per la pesta negra, però també per les recurrents crisis agràries), econòmica i política, que culminarà en el desenvolupament d'una Guerra civil catalana entre 1462 i 1472.a Guerra civil catalana entre 1462 i 1472. , 加泰罗尼亚是位于伊比利亚半岛东北部的一块领土,最初是由几个洛林帝国((800-888 … 加泰罗尼亚是位于伊比利亚半岛东北部的一块领土,最初是由几个洛林帝国((800-888)的县组成，这些县的位置坐落在旧加泰罗尼亚以及目前安道尔和鲁西永大致重合的领土，之后加泰罗尼亚地区在漫长的中世纪完成了扩展和统一。先是一些最东边的县被并入巴塞罗那并在所谓的阿拉贡王权（1162年）中与阿拉贡王国形成了王朝联盟的一部分，之后Urgel 县一直保持着自己的独立王朝直到 1413 年，而 Pallars Sobirá 县则一直保持着自己的独立王朝直到 1491 年。现今西班牙加泰罗尼亚拥有着悠久的历史。加泰罗尼亚是西班牙行省最早被罗马帝国征服的地区。之后形成阿拉贡联合王国。随着伊莎贝拉一世与费尔南多二世的结合，加泰罗尼亚成为西班牙的一部分。阿拉贡联合王国。随着伊莎贝拉一世与费尔南多二世的结合，加泰罗尼亚成为西班牙的一部分。 , عمرت منطقة كتالونيا التي تمتاز بحكم ذاتي وجنسية منفردة خلال العصر الحجري القديم الأوسط. واحتلها الإيبيريون وأهل اليونان كسائر المناطق المطلة علي البحر المتوسط من شبه جزيرة إيبيريا، وتم إنشاء المدن القرطاجية علي الساحل، وسبق كل ذلك الغزو الروماني للمنطقة. , Каталонія — це історична область у Південн … Каталонія — це історична область у Південно-Західній Європі, яка сформувалася на базі кількох графств Іспанської марки, зокрема, Барселонського, на сході Піренейського (Іберійського) півострова у часи Карла Великого. До середини XVII ст. зберігала свою цілісність, коли за Піренейським договором 1659 р. була розділена між Іспанським і Французьким королівствами; у теперішній час Каталонія має автономний статус у складі Іспанії. Про етимологію назви Каталонія див.: Каталонія (історична область).лонія див.: Каталонія (історична область). , Η Καταλονία αποτελεί ιστορική περιοχή της … Η Καταλονία αποτελεί ιστορική περιοχή της ΝΔ Ευρώπης που διαμορφώθηκε, με τον χαρακτήρα που είναι σήμερα γνωστή, κατά την πρώιμη μεσαιωνική περίοδο και τη δημιουργία των καταλανικών κομητειών στα Πυρηναία από το βασίλειο των Φράγκων. Έκτοτε η Καταλονία επεκτάθηκε και στις δύο πλευρές των Πυρηναίων, φτάνοντας στα σημερινά της γεωγραφικά όρια στον νότο στο δέλτα του ποταμού Έβρου, δυτικά κατά μήκος του ποταμού Σίνκα και Νογέρα Ριβαγορσάνα και βόρεια στα σύνορα του γαλλικού νομού των Ανατολικών Πυρηναίων με αυτόν του Ωντ. Επομένως, ως ιστορικό έδαφος περιλαμβάνει τόσο τη σημερινή ομώνυμη περιφέρεια της Ισπανίας όσο και την ιστορική Βόρεια Καταλονία στη Γαλλία. την ιστορική Βόρεια Καταλονία στη Γαλλία. , Каталония (кат. Catalunya, исп. Cataluña, … Каталония (кат. Catalunya, исп. Cataluña, окс. Catalonha) — историческая область и автономное сообщество (кат. Comunitat Autònoma) в Испании, на северо-востоке Пиренейского полуострова между средиземноморским побережьем и Пиренеями. Со времён Карла Великого и до середины XVII в. сохраняла свою целостность, однако по Пиренейскому договору 1659 г. была разделена между Испанским и Французским королевствами. В настоящее время Каталония имеет автономный статус в составе Испании.имеет автономный статус в составе Испании. , L'attuale territorio della Catalogna (in c … L'attuale territorio della Catalogna (in catalano Catalunya, in spagnolo Cataluña e in aranese Catalonha) è stato occupato fin dal Medio Paleolitico. I Greci colonizzarono le coste della regione fino a quando, come il resto della penisola iberica, la Catalogna non divenne parte dell'Impero Romano, alla caduta del quale si insediarono i Visigoti. Successivamente, dal 718, i Califfato omàyyade conquistò la regione, che chiamarono, insieme alle altre parti della penisola iberica, al-Andalus. Tra il 760 e l'801, anno della conquista di Barcellona, l'Impero carolingio la strappò ai Mori. Durante il tardo medioevo, si cominciò a sviluppare, con una sempre più marcata indipendenza dall'impero carolingio, una cultura Catalana, sotto l'egemonia della contea di Barcellona, la principale tra le contee in cui era stata divisa. Con il matrimonio tra Raimondo Berengario IV di Barcellona e Petronilla di Aragona la contea di Barcellona si unì dinasticamente al regno di Aragona, per cui la Catalogna divenne la base navale della Corona d'Aragona, mentre la Contea di Barcellona e le altre contee catalane adottarono un'entità politica comune conosciuta come Principato di Catalogna, che sviluppò un sistema istituzionale (Corts, Costituzioni, Generalitat) che limitava il potere reale. L'espansione della Corona d'Aragona raggiunse il suo massimo tra il XIII e il XIV, quando divenne uno degli stati più potenti d'Europa estendendo il suo dominio fino alle isole italiane. Il secondo quarto del XIV secolo vide cambiamenti cruciali per la Catalogna, segnati da una successione di catastrofi naturali, crisi demografiche, stagnazione e declino dell'economia catalana e l'aumento delle tensioni sociali. Il matrimonio tra Ferdinando II di Aragona e Isabella I di Castiglia, nel 1469, pose le basi per l'unificazione della Corona di Spagna. Con la fine della riconquista, con l'annessione del Sultanato di Granada nel 1492, la Spagna unita cominciò la politica coloniale con la scoperta dell'America e il potere politico si spostò verso la Castiglia. Le tensioni tra le istituzioni catalane e la monarchia, insieme alla crisi economica e alle rivolte dei contadini hanno causato conflitti, come la guerra dei mietitori (1640-1652). Tuttavia, fino all'avvento della dinastia dei Borboni, con la Guerra di Successione Spagnola, la Catalogna rimase con una certa indipendenza e con delle sue leggi. Durante la stessa guerra la Catalogna appoggiò le pretese del membro del ramo austriaco degli Asburgo. Con la sconfitta delle truppe catalane, il nuovo re Filippo V, decretò la fine delle principali tradizioni ed istituzioni politiche catalane, e decretò la fine delle strutture territoriali proprie, tra cui la corona di Aragona e quindi il Principato di Catalogna. Con l'imposizione della lingua spagnola (castigliano) anche la lingua catalana perse di importanza. Nel corso del XVIII secolo, la Catalogna sperimentò una crescita economica significativa, aiutata alla fine del secolo dalla fine del commercio monopolistico tra Castiglia e colonie americane. L'occupazione napoleonica, come in buona parte d'Europa, portò un periodo turbolento, sia dal punto di vista politico che da quello economico, con una notevole industrializzazione nel secondo terzo del secolo. Fino alla Seconda Repubblica spagnola, la Catalogna recuperò e riperse vari gradi di autonomia dal potere centrale, tra cui il recupero dell'uso ufficiale della sua lingua. La guerra civile del 1936-1939, che portò alla fine della Repubblica e all'avvento di Francisco Franco, cancellò nuovamente l'autonomia della Catalogna, al punto che il catalano fu dichiarato illegale. Quando Franco morì nel 1975, la Catalogna votò per la formazione della nuova democrazia spagnola, nella quale la costituzione, pur esplicitando l'unitarietà e l'indivisibilità della Spagna, riconosce notevoli autonomie alle varie regioni. Dichiaratasi nazionalità nel proprio statuto (e una nazione nel preambolo di questa legge), la Catalogna esprime rivendicazioni nazionalistiche, autonomistiche e anche indipendentistiche derivanti dalle proprie peculiarità linguistiche e culturali. Negli ultimi anni, tuttavia, il sentimento indipendentista della Catalogna è cresciuto nuovamente al punto tale che nel novembre 2014 si è tenuto un referendum per la separazione dalla Spagna. Il 27 ottobre 2017, a seguito di un contestato referendum indipendentista, è stata dichiarata unilateralmente l'indipendenza dalla Spagna, causando la destituzione degli organi della Generalitat da parte del governo centrale spagnolo.at da parte del governo centrale spagnolo. , Die Geschichte Kataloniens reicht bis in d … Die Geschichte Kataloniens reicht bis in das Jahr 1000 v. Chr. zurück, als die Iberer die Pyrenäenhalbinsel besiedelten.Vor der Besiedelung durch Cro-Magnon-Menschen (Homo sapiens) war die Region bereits von Neandertalern bewohnt, wie Funde in der Höhle Cova Gran de Santa Linya belegen.In historischer Zeit war Katalonien ursprünglich von Iberern besiedelt, später lag das Küstengebiet im Einflussbereich Karthagos. Ende des 3. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. gewann Rom die Vorherrschaft; die Römer erhoben 19 n. Chr. die Gegend zur Provinz Hispania Tarraconensis. Bereits im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr. fasste das Christentum Fuß im Bereich des heutigen Katalonien.um Fuß im Bereich des heutigen Katalonien. , La Catalogne, nationalité et communauté au … La Catalogne, nationalité et communauté autonome du nord-est de l’Espagne (avec une partie en France [réf. nécessaire], dans l'actuel département des Pyrénées-Orientales) née en tant que « nationalité historique » par la réunion politique de plusieurs comtés de l'ancienne marche d'Espagne carolingienne entre le IXe siècle et le XIIe siècle [réf. nécessaire] sous l'autorité de la maison de Barcelone. La principauté de Catalogne ainsi constituée devient progressivement un État [réf. nécessaire] à la fin du Moyen Âge, avec ses institutions comme les Corts, son droit compilé dans les Usatges, constitutions et autres droits, ou encore sa langue, le catalan, qui se constitue en langue administrative, juridique et littéraire à partir du XIIe siècle [réf. nécessaire]. Par le système politique de monarchie pactiste, la Catalogne conserve ses spécificités institutionnels, coutumiers et juridictionnels, au sein de la couronne d'Aragon [réf. nécessaire] puis de la monarchie d'Espagne [réf. nécessaire], jusqu'aux décrets de Nueva Planta de 1715 et 1716 et l'imposition de l'absolutisme [réf. nécessaire]. Après le mouvement de renouveau de la langue et de la culture catalanes de la Renaixença dans la deuxième moitié du XIXe siècle [réf. nécessaire], le nationalisme catalan ou « catalanisme » se structure idéologiquement à la fin du XIXe siècle [réf. nécessaire], tandis que la Catalogne est l'une des rares régions d'Espagne à connaître alors une importante révolution industrielle [réf. nécessaire]. De même, le mouvement artistique du modernisme témoigne de l'ouverture sur l'Europe ainsi que du nouveau rayonnement culturel que connaît ce territoire[réf. nécessaire]. Au XXe siècle, la Catalogne a gagné et a perdu des degrés variables d'autonomie [réf. nécessaire]. La Deuxième république espagnole a établi l'autonomie politique de la Catalogne et l'usage officiel de la langue catalane [réf. nécessaire]. Comme d'autres parties de l'Espagne, la Catalogne s'est battue pour défendre la République dans la guerre civile dévastatrice de 1936-1939 [réf. nécessaire]. Avec la défaite de la République par les forces de droite de Francisco Franco, les autonomies ont été supprimées [réf. nécessaire]. Avec l'Espagne dévastée et coupée du commerce international et de la politique autarcique du régime, la Catalogne, en tant que centre commercial et industriel, a beaucoup souffert; la reprise économique était très lente [réf. nécessaire]. Entre 1959 et 1974, l'Espagne a connu la deuxième expansion économique la plus rapide au monde appelé le Miracle espagnol [réf. nécessaire] et la Catalogne a prospéré considérablement en tant que destination touristique et industrielle la plus importante d'Espagne [réf. nécessaire]. En 1975 Franco meurt, mettant fin à son régime dictatorial, la nouvelle constitution espagnole démocratique de 1978 reconnaît l'autonomie et la langue de la Catalogne [réf. nécessaire]. Il a regagné une autonomie considérable dans les affaires intérieures et est maintenant l'une des communautés les plus économiquement dynamiques de l'Espagne [réf. nécessaire]. Dans les années 2010, il y a eu des appels croissants pour l'indépendance de la Catalogne [réf. nécessaire].endance de la Catalogne [réf. nécessaire]. , A história da Catalunha relata e procura c … A história da Catalunha relata e procura compreender os eventos e circunstâncias da comunidade autónoma e nacionalidade da Espanha homónima, localizada na extremidade oriental da Península Ibérica. formada inicialmente a partir de municípios que formaram a Marca de fronteira do Império Carolíngio e da extensão e completando unidade foi durante toda a Idade Média. Após a união dinástica do Condado de Barcelona e do reino de Aragão, no século XII, os territórios catalães faziam parte integrante da Coroa de Aragão, alcançando o Principado da Catalunha um marítima notável e domínio comercial no final do período medieval. Atualmente, a palavra é comumente usada para se referir tanto à Catalunha da comunidade autônoma de mesmo nome, localizada na Espanha, como dentro do contexto de Países Catalães, um conceito político que engloba a Catalunha com outros territórios de cultura catalã. com outros territórios de cultura catalã. , Kataloniens historia är historien om Katal … Kataloniens historia är historien om Katalonien, idag en (till största delen) spansk autonom region. Området har sedan medeltiden varit befolkat av människor som främst talat det latin som fram till 800-talet utvecklades till det katalanska språket. Området har också varit ett område för samfärdsel mellan västra och sydvästra Europa samt ett uppmarschområde för erövring av iberiska halvön. Den katalanska kulturen och Katalonien som stadsbildning har mestadels utvecklats utifrån Barcelona, men katalanskspråkig kultur har också djupa rötter i Valenciaregionen och på Balearerna. Den medeltida katalanska kulturen utvecklades inom Aragonska kronan, där katalansk kultur var den viktigaste komponenten. Inom det spanska riket har Katalonien varit inblandat i ett antal konflikter och krig med den spanska centralregeringen som motpart – oftast som den förlorande parten. Sedan slutet av 1900-talet har Katalonien upplevt en period med större regional makt, förnyade självständighetsambitioner och större fokus på det katalanska språket.ch större fokus på det katalanska språket. , Kataluniako historia berez Catalunya (Katalunia) izena XII. mendean frankoen itzalpetik piskanaka bereiztuz Hispaniako Markako ekialdeko konderri multzoa izendatzeko erabiltzean hasi zen.
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http://dbpedia.org/ontology/legislature	http://dbpedia.org/resource/Parliament_of_Catalonia +
http://dbpedia.org/ontology/officialLanguage	http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spanish_language + , http://dbpedia.org/resource/Catalan_language + , http://dbpedia.org/resource/Occitan_language +
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rdfs:comment	L'attuale territorio della Catalogna (in c … L'attuale territorio della Catalogna (in catalano Catalunya, in spagnolo Cataluña e in aranese Catalonha) è stato occupato fin dal Medio Paleolitico. I Greci colonizzarono le coste della regione fino a quando, come il resto della penisola iberica, la Catalogna non divenne parte dell'Impero Romano, alla caduta del quale si insediarono i Visigoti. Successivamente, dal 718, i Califfato omàyyade conquistò la regione, che chiamarono, insieme alle altre parti della penisola iberica, al-Andalus. Tra il 760 e l'801, anno della conquista di Barcellona, l'Impero carolingio la strappò ai Mori. Durante il tardo medioevo, si cominciò a sviluppare, con una sempre più marcata indipendenza dall'impero carolingio, una cultura Catalana, sotto l'egemonia della contea di Barcellona, la principale tra le conte di Barcellona, la principale tra le conte , Cataluña es un territorio situado en el no … Cataluña es un territorio situado en el noreste de la península ibérica formado inicialmente a partir de los condados que formaban la Marca Hispánica del Imperio carolingio y cuya extensión y unidad fue completándose a lo largo de la Edad Media. Tras la unión dinástica del condado de Barcelona y el Reino de Aragón en el siglo XII, los territorios catalanes se constituyeron en parte integrante de la Corona de Aragón, alcanzando una notable preponderancia marítima y comercial a finales del período medieval. Actualmente, la palabra Cataluña se emplea habitualmente para referirse a la comunidad autónoma del mismo nombre situada en España, mientras que tanto instituciones culturales, tales como el Instituto de Estudios Catalanes y la Universidad de Perpiñán, como medios de comunicación catalaniñán, como medios de comunicación catalan , Kataluniako historia berez Catalunya (Katalunia) izena XII. mendean frankoen itzalpetik piskanaka bereiztuz Hispaniako Markako ekialdeko konderri multzoa izendatzeko erabiltzean hasi zen. , Каталонія — це історична область у Південн … Каталонія — це історична область у Південно-Західній Європі, яка сформувалася на базі кількох графств Іспанської марки, зокрема, Барселонського, на сході Піренейського (Іберійського) півострова у часи Карла Великого. До середини XVII ст. зберігала свою цілісність, коли за Піренейським договором 1659 р. була розділена між Іспанським і Французьким королівствами; у теперішній час Каталонія має автономний статус у складі Іспанії. Про етимологію назви Каталонія див.: Каталонія (історична область).лонія див.: Каталонія (історична область). , Η Καταλονία αποτελεί ιστορική περιοχή της … Η Καταλονία αποτελεί ιστορική περιοχή της ΝΔ Ευρώπης που διαμορφώθηκε, με τον χαρακτήρα που είναι σήμερα γνωστή, κατά την πρώιμη μεσαιωνική περίοδο και τη δημιουργία των καταλανικών κομητειών στα Πυρηναία από το βασίλειο των Φράγκων. Έκτοτε η Καταλονία επεκτάθηκε και στις δύο πλευρές των Πυρηναίων, φτάνοντας στα σημερινά της γεωγραφικά όρια στον νότο στο δέλτα του ποταμού Έβρου, δυτικά κατά μήκος του ποταμού Σίνκα και Νογέρα Ριβαγορσάνα και βόρεια στα σύνορα του γαλλικού νομού των Ανατολικών Πυρηναίων με αυτόν του Ωντ. Επομένως, ως ιστορικό έδαφος περιλαμβάνει τόσο τη σημερινή ομώνυμη περιφέρεια της Ισπανίας όσο και την ιστορική Βόρεια Καταλονία στη Γαλλία. την ιστορική Βόρεια Καταλονία στη Γαλλία. , カタルーニャの歴史について述べる。 , Каталония (кат. Catalunya, исп. Cataluña, … Каталония (кат. Catalunya, исп. Cataluña, окс. Catalonha) — историческая область и автономное сообщество (кат. Comunitat Autònoma) в Испании, на северо-востоке Пиренейского полуострова между средиземноморским побережьем и Пиренеями. Со времён Карла Великого и до середины XVII в. сохраняла свою целостность, однако по Пиренейскому договору 1659 г. была разделена между Испанским и Французским королевствами. В настоящее время Каталония имеет автономный статус в составе Испании.имеет автономный статус в составе Испании. , Dit artikel behandelt de geschiedenis van Catalonië, het gebied dat tegenwoordig de autonome gemeenschap van Catalonië omvat en de aansluitende Franse landstreek Roussillon. , 加泰罗尼亚是位于伊比利亚半岛东北部的一块领土,最初是由几个洛林帝国((800-888 … 加泰罗尼亚是位于伊比利亚半岛东北部的一块领土,最初是由几个洛林帝国((800-888)的县组成，这些县的位置坐落在旧加泰罗尼亚以及目前安道尔和鲁西永大致重合的领土，之后加泰罗尼亚地区在漫长的中世纪完成了扩展和统一。先是一些最东边的县被并入巴塞罗那并在所谓的阿拉贡王权（1162年）中与阿拉贡王国形成了王朝联盟的一部分，之后Urgel 县一直保持着自己的独立王朝直到 1413 年，而 Pallars Sobirá 县则一直保持着自己的独立王朝直到 1491 年。现今西班牙加泰罗尼亚拥有着悠久的历史。加泰罗尼亚是西班牙行省最早被罗马帝国征服的地区。之后形成阿拉贡联合王国。随着伊莎贝拉一世与费尔南多二世的结合，加泰罗尼亚成为西班牙的一部分。阿拉贡联合王国。随着伊莎贝拉一世与费尔南多二世的结合，加泰罗尼亚成为西班牙的一部分。 , A história da Catalunha relata e procura c … A história da Catalunha relata e procura compreender os eventos e circunstâncias da comunidade autónoma e nacionalidade da Espanha homónima, localizada na extremidade oriental da Península Ibérica. formada inicialmente a partir de municípios que formaram a Marca de fronteira do Império Carolíngio e da extensão e completando unidade foi durante toda a Idade Média. Após a união dinástica do Condado de Barcelona e do reino de Aragão, no século XII, os territórios catalães faziam parte integrante da Coroa de Aragão, alcançando o Principado da Catalunha um marítima notável e domínio comercial no final do período medieval. Atualmente, a palavra é comumente usada para se referir tanto à Catalunha da comunidade autônoma de mesmo nome, localizada na Espanha, como dentro do contexto de Países Catalã, como dentro do contexto de Países Catalã , La Catalogne, nationalité et communauté au … La Catalogne, nationalité et communauté autonome du nord-est de l’Espagne (avec une partie en France [réf. nécessaire], dans l'actuel département des Pyrénées-Orientales) née en tant que « nationalité historique » par la réunion politique de plusieurs comtés de l'ancienne marche d'Espagne carolingienne entre le IXe siècle et le XIIe siècle [réf. nécessaire] sous l'autorité de la maison de Barcelone. La principauté de Catalogne ainsi constituée devient progressivement un État [réf. nécessaire] à la fin du Moyen Âge, avec ses institutions comme les Corts, son droit compilé dans les Usatges, constitutions et autres droits, ou encore sa langue, le catalan, qui se constitue en langue administrative, juridique et littéraire à partir du XIIe siècle [réf. nécessaire]. Par le système politique de mnécessaire]. Par le système politique de m , Die Geschichte Kataloniens reicht bis in d … Die Geschichte Kataloniens reicht bis in das Jahr 1000 v. Chr. zurück, als die Iberer die Pyrenäenhalbinsel besiedelten.Vor der Besiedelung durch Cro-Magnon-Menschen (Homo sapiens) war die Region bereits von Neandertalern bewohnt, wie Funde in der Höhle Cova Gran de Santa Linya belegen.In historischer Zeit war Katalonien ursprünglich von Iberern besiedelt, später lag das Küstengebiet im Einflussbereich Karthagos. Ende des 3. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. gewann Rom die Vorherrschaft; die Römer erhoben 19 n. Chr. die Gegend zur Provinz Hispania Tarraconensis. Bereits im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr. fasste das Christentum Fuß im Bereich des heutigen Katalonien.um Fuß im Bereich des heutigen Katalonien. , عمرت منطقة كتالونيا التي تمتاز بحكم ذاتي وجنسية منفردة خلال العصر الحجري القديم الأوسط. واحتلها الإيبيريون وأهل اليونان كسائر المناطق المطلة علي البحر المتوسط من شبه جزيرة إيبيريا، وتم إنشاء المدن القرطاجية علي الساحل، وسبق كل ذلك الغزو الروماني للمنطقة. , Catalunya és un territori històric format … Catalunya és un territori històric format originalment a partir dels comtats que formaven la Marca Hispànica, al nord-est de la península Ibèrica, en temps de Carlemany. Avui en dia, el mot «Catalunya» s'empra sobretot per referir-se a la Comunitat Autònoma de Catalunya, a Espanya, i la Catalunya del Nord, que forma el Departament dels Pirineus Orientals a França.artament dels Pirineus Orientals a França. , Kataloniens historia är historien om Katal … Kataloniens historia är historien om Katalonien, idag en (till största delen) spansk autonom region. Området har sedan medeltiden varit befolkat av människor som främst talat det latin som fram till 800-talet utvecklades till det katalanska språket. Området har också varit ett område för samfärdsel mellan västra och sydvästra Europa samt ett uppmarschområde för erövring av iberiska halvön.schområde för erövring av iberiska halvön. , Catalonia was first settled during the Mid … Catalonia was first settled during the Middle Palaeolithic era. Like the rest of the Mediterranean side of the Iberian Peninsula, the area was occupied by the Iberians and several Greek colonies were established on the coast before the Roman conquest. It was the first area of Hispania conquered by the Romans. It then came under Visigothic rule after the collapse of the western part of the Roman Empire. In 718, the area was occupied by the Umayyad Caliphate and became a part of Muslim ruled al-Andalus. The Frankish Empire conquered the area from the Muslims, ending with the conquest of Barcelona in 801, as part of the creation of a larger buffer zone of Christian counties against Islamic rule historiographically known as the Marca Hispanica. In the 10th century the County of Barcelona becam10th century the County of Barcelona becam
rdfs:label	كتالونيا عبر التاريخ , Ιστορία της Καταλονίας , カタルーニャの歴史 , Història de Catalunya , Geschichte Kataloniens , Kataluniako historia , História da Catalunha , Storia della Catalogna , Geschiedenis van Catalonië , History of Catalonia , Історія Каталонії , 加泰罗尼亚历史 , Historia de Cataluña , Kataloniens historia , История Каталонии , Histoire de la Catalogne
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