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Toda literatura escrita en lengua francesa … Toda literatura escrita en lengua francesa es considerada como literatura francófona. Sin embargo, con frecuencia el término se utiliza para designar solo a las obras de escritores francófonos no franceses, sean o no europeos (belgas, suizos, quebequenses, africanos, antillanos, etc.). La literatura francesa forma parte de la literatura francófona, pero los escritores de nacionalidad francesa procedentes de departamentos de ultramar, como Aimé Césaire o Édouard Glissant, son curiosamente llamados escritores francófonos, y otros como Samuel Beckett (irlandés) o Eugène Ionesco (rumano) se encuentran clasificados como autores franceses. Tomada en esta acepción, la literatura francófona (es decir, en lengua francesa fuera de Francia), excepto los casos de Suiza y Bélgica, se desarrolla en principio como consecuencia de la emigración de francoparlantes, que comienza durante el siglo XVIII en Quebec y en las Antillas, continúa durante el XIX en Argelia (en este país aún hoy hay importantes autores en lengua francesa, como Yasmina Khadra y Boualem Sansal) y se prolonga hasta el siglo XX en las colonias francesas y belgas del resto de África. La influencia de la metrópoli ha sido intensa durante mucho tiempo, pero, a partir de los procesos independentistas de los años 60, los autores han iniciado también un proceso de emancipación creativa. Muchos de ellos son, además, difíciles de clasificar por nacionalidad, por haber vivido en varios países o ser de orígenes mestizos. Por ejemplo, se puede hablar de literatura guadalupano-senagalesa, o haitiano-quebequesa. También obras como las de Albert Camus o Marguerite Yourcenar muestran que la nacionalidad no es la única manera de identificar a los autores. Pero si la obra está escrita en lengua francesa, pertenecen a la literatura francófona.sa, pertenecen a la literatura francófona.
, Si definisce letteratura francofona tutta … Si definisce letteratura francofona tutta la letteratura in lingua francese, scritta sia da autori francesi che appartenenti ad altre nazionalità. La categoria include: 1.
* Gli scrittori per i quali il francese è lingua materna e ufficiale (come accade in Francia, parte del Belgio, della Svizzera, del Québec). 2.
* Gli scrittori per i quali il francese non è lingua materna ma veicolare, insegnata nelle scuole e impiegata dal governo locale (è il caso del Marocco, della Tunisia, dell'Algeria, di alcuni paesi sub-sahariani e di alcuni del Medio Oriente). Pur non essendo lingua ufficiale, gode di un certo prestigio (usata a scopi burocratici, commerciali, tecnici ecc.) e a volte ha qualche tipo di riconoscimento di fatto. Si tratta spesso di ex-colonie francesi, o di paesi che aderiscono all'organizzazione internazionale della Francophonie. 3.
* Infine, numerosi scrittori che non ricadono in queste categorie ma che hanno utilizzato (sistematicamente od occasionalmente) la lingua francese semplicemente per scrivere le proprie opere (è il caso dell'inglese William Beckford, autore del Vathek, uno dei capolavori del gotico settecentesco), che scrisse la prima versione del romanzo in francese; all'interno dell'Italia si ravvisa un'ampia tradizione francofona che inizia nel basso medioevo con i trovatori (es. Sordello da Goito) e Brunetto Latini (maestro di Dante Alighieri e autore del Trésor) e che continua con Giacomo Leopardi, Alessandro Manzoni, Cavour, Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, fondatore del Futurismo. 4.
* Queste situazioni non sono mutuamente esclusive, ad esempio nel caso di figli di coppie bilingui o di persone di nazionalità francese ma di origine africana o asiatica.rancese ma di origine africana o asiatica.
, Francophone literature is literature writt … Francophone literature is literature written in the French language. The existence of a plurality of literatures in the French language has been recognised, although the autonomy of these literatures is less defined than the plurality of literatures written in the English language. Writings in the French language from Belgium, Canada and Switzerland were recognised as belonging to distinct traditions long before writings from colonial territories of France. Writing in French by Africans was formerly classified as "colonial literature" and discussed as part of colonial studies for its ethnographical interest, rather than studied for its literary merit. Any texts in French from the colonies and territories that were considered to have merit were subsumed under the classification of French literature. The nature and importance of Francophone literature in various territories of the former French Empire depends on the concentration of French settlers, the length of time spent in colonial status, and how developed indigenous languages were as literary languages. It was only following the Second World War that a distinction started to be made in literary studies and anthologies between French literature and other writing in French. In 1960 Maurice Bémol published Essai sur l'orientation des littératures de langue française au XXe siècle; the plural in the title emphasised the study's new approach of examining the level of autonomy of the languages. Paris remains the most powerful centre of Francophone publishing, although important publishers have developed elsewhere, notably in Quebec where influential publishing houses have long attracted Francophone writers from across the world. The term has historically been used to refer only to literature from Francophone countries outside France, but modern usage includes any literature written in French. Francophone literature therefore applies to the whole French-speaking world in the broadest sense of the term.g world in the broadest sense of the term.
, Franskspråkig litteratur är litteratur skriven på franska språket. Den skrivs i bland annat Frankrike, Belgien, Schweiz, Kanada, Algeriet, Marocko och Senegal.
, Франкофонная литература — литература, напи … Франкофонная литература — литература, написанная на французском языке вне Франции. На сегодняшний день признаётся существование множества литератур на французском языке, хотя их самобытность часто оценивается ниже, чем у литератур на английском. К примеру, автономность литературных движений в Бельгии, Канаде и Швейцарии была признана раньше, чем литературы бывших колоний. Тексты, написанные на французском в Африке, традиционно относят к «колониальной литературе» и рассматривают часто с этнографической, а не с литературной точки зрения. Природа и значение франкофонной литературы, написанной на территориях, принадлежавших ранее Французской империи, зависит от количества франкофонов на этой территории, времени, которое территория провела в статусе колонии, и от того, насколько был развит литературный аспект местных языков.развит литературный аспект местных языков.
, La littérature de langue française rassemble l'ensemble de la littérature écrite en langue française.
, 불문학(佛文學) 또는 프랑스어 문학(-語 文學, Littérature de langue française)은 프랑스어로 쓰인 문학을 아울러 일컫는다.
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Francophone literature is literature writt … Francophone literature is literature written in the French language. The existence of a plurality of literatures in the French language has been recognised, although the autonomy of these literatures is less defined than the plurality of literatures written in the English language. Writings in the French language from Belgium, Canada and Switzerland were recognised as belonging to distinct traditions long before writings from colonial territories of France. Writing in French by Africans was formerly classified as "colonial literature" and discussed as part of colonial studies for its ethnographical interest, rather than studied for its literary merit. Any texts in French from the colonies and territories that were considered to have merit were subsumed under the classification of French liumed under the classification of French li
, Franskspråkig litteratur är litteratur skriven på franska språket. Den skrivs i bland annat Frankrike, Belgien, Schweiz, Kanada, Algeriet, Marocko och Senegal.
, 불문학(佛文學) 또는 프랑스어 문학(-語 文學, Littérature de langue française)은 프랑스어로 쓰인 문학을 아울러 일컫는다.
, Франкофонная литература — литература, напи … Франкофонная литература — литература, написанная на французском языке вне Франции. На сегодняшний день признаётся существование множества литератур на французском языке, хотя их самобытность часто оценивается ниже, чем у литератур на английском. К примеру, автономность литературных движений в Бельгии, Канаде и Швейцарии была признана раньше, чем литературы бывших колоний. Тексты, написанные на французском в Африке, традиционно относят к «колониальной литературе» и рассматривают часто с этнографической, а не с литературной точки зрения. Природа и значение франкофонной литературы, написанной на территориях, принадлежавших ранее Французской империи, зависит от количества франкофонов на этой территории, времени, которое территория провела в статусе колонии, и от того, насколько был развит литеонии, и от того, насколько был развит лите
, Toda literatura escrita en lengua francesa … Toda literatura escrita en lengua francesa es considerada como literatura francófona. Sin embargo, con frecuencia el término se utiliza para designar solo a las obras de escritores francófonos no franceses, sean o no europeos (belgas, suizos, quebequenses, africanos, antillanos, etc.).uebequenses, africanos, antillanos, etc.).
, Si definisce letteratura francofona tutta … Si definisce letteratura francofona tutta la letteratura in lingua francese, scritta sia da autori francesi che appartenenti ad altre nazionalità. La categoria include: 1.
* Gli scrittori per i quali il francese è lingua materna e ufficiale (come accade in Francia, parte del Belgio, della Svizzera, del Québec). 2.
* Gli scrittori per i quali il francese non è lingua materna ma veicolare, insegnata nelle scuole e impiegata dal governo locale (è il caso del Marocco, della Tunisia, dell'Algeria, di alcuni paesi sub-sahariani e di alcuni del Medio Oriente). Pur non essendo lingua ufficiale, gode di un certo prestigio (usata a scopi burocratici, commerciali, tecnici ecc.) e a volte ha qualche tipo di riconoscimento di fatto. Si tratta spesso di ex-colonie francesi, o di paesi che aderisconoolonie francesi, o di paesi che aderiscono
, La littérature de langue française rassemble l'ensemble de la littérature écrite en langue française.
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| rdfs:label |
Littérature de langue française
, 불문학
, Franskspråkig litteratur
, Francophone literature
, Letteratura francofona
, Франкофонная литература
, Literatura en francés
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