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能源轉型（德語：Energiewende，？－？）是指德國和其他一些國家过渡到可持续经济的计划。最終目標是是用可再生能源取代煤炭等不可再生能源。可再生能源包括風能、水能、太陽能（光熱，光電）、地熱能和潮汐能等。這些可再生能源將替代化石燃料及核燃料等的不可再生能源。
, Die Energiewende in Deutschland beschreibt … Die Energiewende in Deutschland beschreibt die Bemühungen zur Transformation des bestehenden fossil-nuklearen Energiesystems hin zu einem nachhaltigen Energiesystem auf Basis erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland. Diese politische Herangehensweise hat deutliche Unterschiede zu der Energiewende anderer Staaten.hiede zu der Energiewende anderer Staaten.
, Energiewende (v překladu energetický přech … Energiewende (v překladu energetický přechod) je označení pro kompletní energetickou přeměnu německé energetiky, jež by měla zajistit ekologicky šetrné, cenově dostupné a bezpečné dodávky energie s minimem skleníkových plynů. Hlavním pilířem energetické transformace je přechod k obnovitelným zdrojům energie a dosáhnutí hospodárnějšího nakládání s energiemi. Klíčovou částí programu je také snižování emisí skleníkových plynů, do roku 2050 až o 95 %. Německá vláda se na obsahu ambiciózního plánu shodla už v roce 2010, ale po havárii v japonské jaderné elektrárně Fukušima byl o rok později dokument ještě dodatečně přepracován. Do plánu energetické proměny byl přidán cíl o vyřazení jaderné energie. Německo by se mělo jádra zcela vzdát do roku 2022. Provozovatelé dostanou odškodnění.u 2022. Provozovatelé dostanou odškodnění.
, Energiewende (en alemán, transición ener … Energiewende (en alemán, transición energética ) es la transición realizada por Alemania a una cartera de energía dominada por las energías renovables, la eficiencia energética y el desarrollo sostenible. El objetivo final es la abolición del carbón, los combustibles fósiles, las centrales de energía nuclear y otras fuentes de energía no renovables. La energía renovable abarca la energía eólica, la biomasa (como gas de las plantas de residuos y el gas de aguas residuales), la energía hidroeléctrica, la energía solar (fotovoltaica y térmica), la geotérmica y la energía mareomotriz. Estas fuentes renovables sirven como una alternativa a los combustibles fósiles (petróleo, carbón, gas natural) y el combustible nuclear (uranio). Las medidas parciales a menudo tienen sólo un potencial limitado, por lo que una aplicación oportuna para esta transición requiere múltiples enfoques en paralelo. La conservación de la energía y mejoras en la eficiencia energética, por lo tanto, juegan un papel importante. Un ejemplo de una medida efectiva de conservación de la energía es la mejora del aislamiento de los edificios. Los contadores eléctricos inteligentes pueden programar el consumo de energía para los momentos en los que la electricidad está disponible a bajo costo.electricidad está disponible a bajo costo.
, The Energiewende (pronounced [ʔɛnɐˈɡiːˌvɛn … The Energiewende (pronounced [ʔɛnɐˈɡiːˌvɛndə]; German for 'energy turnaround') is the ongoing transition by Germany to a low carbon, environmentally sound, reliable, and affordable energy supply. The new system intends to rely heavily on renewable energy (particularly wind, photovoltaics, and hydroelectricity), energy efficiency, and energy demand management. The last nuclear power plant will shut down in 2022; all existing coal-fired generation will be retired by 2038. Legislative support for the Energiewende was passed in late 2010 and included greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions of 80–95% by 2050 (relative to 1990) and a renewable energy target of 60% by 2050. Germany has already made significant progress on its GHG emissions reduction target prior to the introduction of the program, achieving a 27% decrease between 1990 and 2014. However the country would need to maintain an average GHG emissions abatement rate of 3.5% per year to reach its Energiewende goal, equal to the maximum historical value thus far. A controversial part of the program was the phasing out of Germany's nuclear reactors, to be complete by 2022, with the aim of reaching a 100% renewable energy system. This process is mostly completed, with three reactors remaining connected to the grid (as of January 2022). Germany's overall energy mix still has high CO2 intensity due to large share of coal and fossil gas.due to large share of coal and fossil gas.
, Energiewende (bahasa Jerman untuk ) adalah … Energiewende (bahasa Jerman untuk ) adalah transisi yang direncanakan oleh Jerman menuju pasokan energi rendah karbon, berwawasan lingkungan, andal, dan terjangkau. Istilah Energiewende secara teratur digunakan dalam publikasi bahasa Inggris tanpa diterjemahkan (kata serapan).:4 Sistem baru ini akan sangat bergantung pada energi terbarukan (terutama angin, fotovoltaik, dan pembangkit listrik tenaga air), efisiensi energi, dan . Sebagian besar, jika tidak semua pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara yang ada perlu diberhentikan. armada reaktor nuklir Jerman yang akan selesai pada tahun 2022, adalah bagian penting dari program ini. Dukungan legislatif untuk Energiewende disahkan pada akhir 2010 dan termasuk pengurangan gas rumah kaca (GRK) 80-95% pada tahun 2050 (relatif terhadap 1990) dan target energi terbarukan sebesar 60% pada tahun 2050. Target-target ini ambisius. Lembaga kebijakan yang berbasis di Berlin mencatat bahwa "sementara pendekatan Jerman tidak tergolong unik di seluruh dunia, kecepatan dan ruang lingkup Energiewende luar biasa". Karakteristik khusus Energiewende dibandingkan dengan transisi energi yang direncanakan lainnya adalah bahwa ia telah digerakkan oleh masyarakat dan bukan perusahaan energi besar. Peralihan Jerman ke energi terbarukan hadir dengan demokratisasi pasokan energi. Energiewende juga mencari transparansi yang lebih besar dalam kaitannya dengan pembentukan nasional. Jerman telah membuat kemajuan yang signifikan pada target pengurangan emisi GRKnya, mencapai penurunan 27% antara tahun 1990 dan 2014. Namun negara ini perlu mempertahankan tingkat pengurangan emisi GRK rata-rata 3,5% per tahun untuk mencapai tujuan Energiewende, sama dengan nilai historis maksimum sejauh ini. Pada 2013, Jerman menghabiskan € 1,5 miliar per tahun pada penelitian energi dalam upaya untuk memecahkan masalah teknis dan sosial yang diangkat oleh transisi energi.sosial yang diangkat oleh transisi energi.
, Под концепцией энергетического поворота (о … Под концепцией энергетического поворота (от нем. Energiewende) понимается взятый правительством Германии курс на постепенный отказ от использования ископаемого углеводородного топлива и ядерной энергетики и почти полный переход на её возобновляемые (альтернативные) источники. В рамках данной концепции к 2020 году планировалось увеличить долю электроэнергии, получаемую из альтернативных источников, до 35 %, а к 2030, 2040 и 2050 — до 50, 65 и 80% соответственно. По данным на начало 2019 года, на долю «чистой» энергетики уже приходится более 40 % вырабатываемой электроэнергии, основная часть которой производится в солнечной и ветряной энергетике, что показывает даже более активное развитие этой отрасли, чем было запланировано.итие этой отрасли, чем было запланировано.
, De energietransitie in Duitsland, ook wel … De energietransitie in Duitsland, ook wel de Energiewende genoemd, is het plan om in Duitsland over te schakelen op betaalbare hernieuwbare energie. Hierbij worden ook alle kerncentrales uiterlijk tegen 2022 buiten dienst gesteld. Hiermee wil men de uitstoot van CO2 verminderen met 80 tot 95% tegen 2050, in vergelijking met 1990. Men streeft ernaar om tegen 2050 zestig procent van de energie uit hernieuwbare bronnen te halen. Duitsland investeert jaarlijks anderhalf miljard euro in onderzoek om zo de technische en sociale problemen op te lossen die met deze overgang gepaard gaan. Door het buiten bedrijf stellen van kerncentrales ligt er een forse opgave om de co2-uitstoot te verminderen. Zo lag de uitstoot van Duitsland per inwoner in 2014 op 8,90 ton. In Frankrijk lag dat op 4.57 ton, juist doordat dit land veel gebruik maakt van kernenergie.t land veel gebruik maakt van kernenergie.
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Angela Merkel
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May 2019
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Ethik‐Kommission Sichere Energieversorgung
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The Ethics Committee is firmly convinced that the phase-out of nuclear energy can be completed within a decade by means of the energy transition measures presented here.
, We will have phased out nuclear energy by … We will have phased out nuclear energy by 2022. We have a very difficult problem, namely that almost the only sources of energy that will be able to provide baseload power are coal and lignite. Naturally, we cannot do without baseload energy. Natural gas will therefore play a greater role for another few decades. I believe we would be well advised to admit that if we phase out coal and nuclear energy then we have to be honest and tell people that we’ll need more natural gas.l people that we’ll need more natural gas.
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Deutschlands Energiewende. Ein Gemeinschaftswerk für die Zukunft
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Energiewende (v překladu energetický přech … Energiewende (v překladu energetický přechod) je označení pro kompletní energetickou přeměnu německé energetiky, jež by měla zajistit ekologicky šetrné, cenově dostupné a bezpečné dodávky energie s minimem skleníkových plynů. Hlavním pilířem energetické transformace je přechod k obnovitelným zdrojům energie a dosáhnutí hospodárnějšího nakládání s energiemi. Klíčovou částí programu je také snižování emisí skleníkových plynů, do roku 2050 až o 95 %.kleníkových plynů, do roku 2050 až o 95 %.
, Die Energiewende in Deutschland beschreibt … Die Energiewende in Deutschland beschreibt die Bemühungen zur Transformation des bestehenden fossil-nuklearen Energiesystems hin zu einem nachhaltigen Energiesystem auf Basis erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland. Diese politische Herangehensweise hat deutliche Unterschiede zu der Energiewende anderer Staaten.hiede zu der Energiewende anderer Staaten.
, Energiewende (bahasa Jerman untuk ) adalah … Energiewende (bahasa Jerman untuk ) adalah transisi yang direncanakan oleh Jerman menuju pasokan energi rendah karbon, berwawasan lingkungan, andal, dan terjangkau. Istilah Energiewende secara teratur digunakan dalam publikasi bahasa Inggris tanpa diterjemahkan (kata serapan).:4 Sistem baru ini akan sangat bergantung pada energi terbarukan (terutama angin, fotovoltaik, dan pembangkit listrik tenaga air), efisiensi energi, dan . Sebagian besar, jika tidak semua pembangkit listrik tenaga batu bara yang ada perlu diberhentikan. armada reaktor nuklir Jerman yang akan selesai pada tahun 2022, adalah bagian penting dari program ini.2, adalah bagian penting dari program ini.
, The Energiewende (pronounced [ʔɛnɐˈɡiːˌvɛn … The Energiewende (pronounced [ʔɛnɐˈɡiːˌvɛndə]; German for 'energy turnaround') is the ongoing transition by Germany to a low carbon, environmentally sound, reliable, and affordable energy supply. The new system intends to rely heavily on renewable energy (particularly wind, photovoltaics, and hydroelectricity), energy efficiency, and energy demand management. efficiency, and energy demand management.
, 能源轉型（德語：Energiewende，？－？）是指德國和其他一些國家过渡到可持续经济的计划。最終目標是是用可再生能源取代煤炭等不可再生能源。可再生能源包括風能、水能、太陽能（光熱，光電）、地熱能和潮汐能等。這些可再生能源將替代化石燃料及核燃料等的不可再生能源。
, Energiewende (en alemán, transición ener … Energiewende (en alemán, transición energética ) es la transición realizada por Alemania a una cartera de energía dominada por las energías renovables, la eficiencia energética y el desarrollo sostenible. El objetivo final es la abolición del carbón, los combustibles fósiles, las centrales de energía nuclear y otras fuentes de energía no renovables. y otras fuentes de energía no renovables.
, De energietransitie in Duitsland, ook wel … De energietransitie in Duitsland, ook wel de Energiewende genoemd, is het plan om in Duitsland over te schakelen op betaalbare hernieuwbare energie. Hierbij worden ook alle kerncentrales uiterlijk tegen 2022 buiten dienst gesteld. Hiermee wil men de uitstoot van CO2 verminderen met 80 tot 95% tegen 2050, in vergelijking met 1990. Men streeft ernaar om tegen 2050 zestig procent van de energie uit hernieuwbare bronnen te halen. Duitsland investeert jaarlijks anderhalf miljard euro in onderzoek om zo de technische en sociale problemen op te lossen die met deze overgang gepaard gaan.lossen die met deze overgang gepaard gaan.
, Под концепцией энергетического поворота (о … Под концепцией энергетического поворота (от нем. Energiewende) понимается взятый правительством Германии курс на постепенный отказ от использования ископаемого углеводородного топлива и ядерной энергетики и почти полный переход на её возобновляемые (альтернативные) источники.возобновляемые (альтернативные) источники.
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Energiewende
, Energietransitie in Duitsland
, Energiewende in Deutschland
, 能量过渡计划
, Energiewende di Jerman
, Энергетический поворот
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