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التنقيب الحيوي أو التنقيب الأحيائي أو التن … التنقيب الحيوي أو التنقيب الأحيائي أو التنقيب البيولوجي (بالإنجليزية: Bioprospecting)، عملية اكتشاف منتجات جديدة وإدخالها إلى السوق بناءً على موارد حيوية. يمكن أن تكون هذه الموارد أو المركبات مهمة ومفيدة في العديد من المجالات بما فيها الصناعة الدوائية والزراعة والمعالجة الحيوية للبيئة والتقنية النانوية ومجالات أخرى. كان ثلث الكيانات الجزيئية الكيميائية الصغيرة الجديدة الموافق عليها من قبل الإدارة الأمريكية للطعام والدواء (إف دي إيه) بين عامي 1981-2010 إما منتجات طبيعية أو مركبات مشتقة من منتجات طبيعية. رغم كون العلوم التقليدية (القَبلية) مفيدة بشكل حدسي، فإن التنقيب الحيوي لم يبدأ إلا حديثًا بإشراك هكذا علوم في تركيز جهود البحث عن مركبات نشطة حيويًّا. قد يشمل التنقيب الحيوي القرصنة الحيوية، وهو استغلال الأشكال التقليدية للمعارف بوسائل تجارية، ويمكن أن يشمل إصدار براءات اختراع لموارد طبيعية تستعمل بكثرة أساسًا، كأنواع من النباتات، من قبل هيئات تجارية.، كأنواع من النباتات، من قبل هيئات تجارية.
, Bioprospektering är utforskandet av nature … Bioprospektering är utforskandet av naturen i syfte att hitta kommersiellt gångbar biokemisk och genetisk information för att utveckla exempelvis läkemedel eller jordbruksgrödor. Ett exempel är den tumörhämmande substansen som utvunnits ur den marina organismen Ecteinascidia turbinata. Nagoyaprotokollet, ett internationellt avtal som förhandlades fram 2010, reglerar tillträdet till genetiska tillgångar och skall säkerställa en rättvis vinstdelning vid användandet av resurserna.instdelning vid användandet av resurserna.
, La bioprospection est l'inventaire et l'év … La bioprospection est l'inventaire et l'évaluation des éléments constitutifs de la diversité biologique ou biodiversité d'un écosystème particulier. Elle peut avoir un objectif scientifique, un objectif économique, ou encore viser à la conservation et l'utilisation durable de la biodiversité suivant les principes de la Convention sur la diversité biologique. L'activité de bioprospection menée à des fins économiques par les empires coloniaux (expansion impériale, depuis le XVIe siècle, aussi bien en Amérique qu’en Asie), par les secteurs de la pharmacologie, des biotechnologies, de la cosmétologie ou de l'agriculture, suscite parfois des controverses. Lorsqu'elle n'est pas autorisée et encadrée légalement, la bioprospection peut aisément être qualifiée de biopiraterie. C'est notamment le cas lorsque des entreprises ou organismes de recherche brevètent sans autorisation ou contrepartie à des fins lucratives des substances recensées lors des inventaires.substances recensées lors des inventaires.
, La Bioprospezione o, in inglese, bioprospe … La Bioprospezione o, in inglese, bioprospecting è l'esplorazione della biodiversità, per scopi scientifici e commerciali. In pratica si può immaginarla come l'esplorazione di una zona con successiva ricerca sistematica, classificazione, e successiva investigazione scientifica effettuata a fini commerciali, riguardo a nuovi composti chimici, geni, proteine, microorganismi ed altri prodotti.Non esiste comunque una definizione accettata internazionalmente.Nella bioprospezione si fa uso di tecniche molecolari utilizzata in biotecnologia ed ha applicazioni in particolare attraverso le attività tra le altre nell'industria chimica, farmaceutica ed agricola.dustria chimica, farmaceutica ed agricola.
, Als Bioprospektion wird die Erkundung des … Als Bioprospektion wird die Erkundung des kommerziellen Potenzials biologischer Ressourcen bezeichnet, insbesondere für Zwecke der Pharmazie. Die Prospektion betrifft vor allem wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen von Pflanzen, um deren wirtschaftliche Nutzbarmachung abzuschätzen oder um neue Wirkstoffe zu finden. Sie erfolgt vor allem
* durch Begehung des Geländes und nachfolgenden Analysen,
* durch Methoden der Fernerkundung,
* durch Korrelation mit Ernteerträgen usw.,
* durch Forschungen bei indigenen Völkern.* durch Forschungen bei indigenen Völkern.
, Bioprospecting (also known as biodiversity … Bioprospecting (also known as biodiversity prospecting) is the exploration of natural sources for small molecules, macromolecules and biochemical and genetic information that could be developed into commercially valuable products for the agricultural, aquaculture, bioremediation, cosmetics, nanotechnology, or pharmaceutical industries. In the pharmaceutical industry, for example, almost one third of all small-molecule drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 1981 and 2014 were either natural products or compounds derived from natural products. Terrestrial plants, fungi and actinobacteria have been the focus of many past bioprospecting programs, but interest is growing in less explored ecosystems (e.g. seas and oceans) and organisms (e.g. myxobacteria, archaea) as a means of identifying new compounds with novel biological activities. Species may be randomly screened for bioactivity or rationally selected and screened based on ecological, ethnobiological, ethnomedical, historical or genomic information. When a region's biological resources or indigenous knowledge are unethically appropriated or commercially exploited without providing fair compensation, this is known as biopiracy. Various international treaties have been negotiated to provide countries legal recourse in the event of biopiracy and to offer commercial actors legal certainty for investment. These include the UN Convention on Biological Diversity and the Nagoya Protocol. Other risks associated with bioprospecting are the overharvesting of individual species and environmental damage, but legislation has been developed to combat these also. Examples include national laws such as the US Marine Mammal Protection Act and US Endangered Species Act, and international treaties such as the UN Convention on Biological Diversity, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the Antarctic Treaty. Law of the Sea, and the Antarctic Treaty.
, La bioprospección (del griego βιο: vida, y … La bioprospección (del griego βιο: vida, y del latín prospectĭo: exploración), como su nombre lo indica, es el estudio de la naturaleza dedicado al hallazgo de organismos y sustancias con posibles usos para beneficio del ser humano que pueden tener un valor comercial significativo en sectores como el industrial, alimentario, cosmético y farmacéutico, entre otros. Se entiende entonces como la búsqueda sistemática, clasificación e investigación de nuevas fuentes de compuestos químicos, genes, proteínas, microorganismos y otros productos con valor económico actual o potencial, que forman parte de la biodiversidad. El estudio se enfoca en aquellas especies y componentes que presentan características físicas y biológicas particulares, capaces de producir sustancias especiales y de adaptarse a condiciones extremas para su supervivencia. Es especialmente en ecosistemas frágiles, polos y fondos marinos donde se encuentran organismos de este tipo. En la bioprospección se hace uso de las técnicas moleculares empleadas en biotecnología para beneficio de la humanidad, a través de la actividad de la industria química, farmacéutica, agrícola, entre otras. Se define como la búsqueda dirigida de (micro)- organismos con capacidades económicas útiles, como la producción de nuevos fármacos (antibióticos), enzimas, nutrientes, etc. Es una herramienta científica que ha contribuido al progreso social y científico de la especie humana. social y científico de la especie humana.
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التنقيب الحيوي أو التنقيب الأحيائي أو التن … التنقيب الحيوي أو التنقيب الأحيائي أو التنقيب البيولوجي (بالإنجليزية: Bioprospecting)، عملية اكتشاف منتجات جديدة وإدخالها إلى السوق بناءً على موارد حيوية. يمكن أن تكون هذه الموارد أو المركبات مهمة ومفيدة في العديد من المجالات بما فيها الصناعة الدوائية والزراعة والمعالجة الحيوية للبيئة والتقنية النانوية ومجالات أخرى. كان ثلث الكيانات الجزيئية الكيميائية الصغيرة الجديدة الموافق عليها من قبل الإدارة الأمريكية للطعام والدواء (إف دي إيه) بين عامي 1981-2010 إما منتجات طبيعية أو مركبات مشتقة من منتجات طبيعية. رغم كون العلوم التقليدية (القَبلية) مفيدة بشكل حدسي، فإن التنقيب الحيوي لم يبدأ إلا حديثًا بإشراك هكذا علوم في تركيز جهود البحث عن مركبات نشطة حيويًّا.ي تركيز جهود البحث عن مركبات نشطة حيويًّا.
, La bioprospection est l'inventaire et l'év … La bioprospection est l'inventaire et l'évaluation des éléments constitutifs de la diversité biologique ou biodiversité d'un écosystème particulier. Elle peut avoir un objectif scientifique, un objectif économique, ou encore viser à la conservation et l'utilisation durable de la biodiversité suivant les principes de la Convention sur la diversité biologique.la Convention sur la diversité biologique.
, La Bioprospezione o, in inglese, bioprospe … La Bioprospezione o, in inglese, bioprospecting è l'esplorazione della biodiversità, per scopi scientifici e commerciali. In pratica si può immaginarla come l'esplorazione di una zona con successiva ricerca sistematica, classificazione, e successiva investigazione scientifica effettuata a fini commerciali, riguardo a nuovi composti chimici, geni, proteine, microorganismi ed altri prodotti.Non esiste comunque una definizione accettata internazionalmente.Nella bioprospezione si fa uso di tecniche molecolari utilizzata in biotecnologia ed ha applicazioni in particolare attraverso le attività tra le altre nell'industria chimica, farmaceutica ed agricola.dustria chimica, farmaceutica ed agricola.
, La bioprospección (del griego βιο: vida, y … La bioprospección (del griego βιο: vida, y del latín prospectĭo: exploración), como su nombre lo indica, es el estudio de la naturaleza dedicado al hallazgo de organismos y sustancias con posibles usos para beneficio del ser humano que pueden tener un valor comercial significativo en sectores como el industrial, alimentario, cosmético y farmacéutico, entre otros. Se entiende entonces como la búsqueda sistemática, clasificación e investigación de nuevas fuentes de compuestos químicos, genes, proteínas, microorganismos y otros productos con valor económico actual o potencial, que forman parte de la biodiversidad.ial, que forman parte de la biodiversidad.
, Als Bioprospektion wird die Erkundung des … Als Bioprospektion wird die Erkundung des kommerziellen Potenzials biologischer Ressourcen bezeichnet, insbesondere für Zwecke der Pharmazie. Die Prospektion betrifft vor allem wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen von Pflanzen, um deren wirtschaftliche Nutzbarmachung abzuschätzen oder um neue Wirkstoffe zu finden. Sie erfolgt vor allem
* durch Begehung des Geländes und nachfolgenden Analysen,
* durch Methoden der Fernerkundung,
* durch Korrelation mit Ernteerträgen usw.,
* durch Forschungen bei indigenen Völkern.* durch Forschungen bei indigenen Völkern.
, Bioprospecting (also known as biodiversity … Bioprospecting (also known as biodiversity prospecting) is the exploration of natural sources for small molecules, macromolecules and biochemical and genetic information that could be developed into commercially valuable products for the agricultural, aquaculture, bioremediation, cosmetics, nanotechnology, or pharmaceutical industries. In the pharmaceutical industry, for example, almost one third of all small-molecule drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) between 1981 and 2014 were either natural products or compounds derived from natural products.r compounds derived from natural products.
, Bioprospektering är utforskandet av nature … Bioprospektering är utforskandet av naturen i syfte att hitta kommersiellt gångbar biokemisk och genetisk information för att utveckla exempelvis läkemedel eller jordbruksgrödor. Ett exempel är den tumörhämmande substansen som utvunnits ur den marina organismen Ecteinascidia turbinata. Nagoyaprotokollet, ett internationellt avtal som förhandlades fram 2010, reglerar tillträdet till genetiska tillgångar och skall säkerställa en rättvis vinstdelning vid användandet av resurserna.instdelning vid användandet av resurserna.
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Bioprospección
, Bioprospektering
, Bioprospecting
, Bioprospektion
, Bioprospezione
, تنقيب حيوي
, Bioprospectie
, Bioprospection
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