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The Battle of Tangdao (唐岛之战) was a naval e … The Battle of Tangdao (唐岛之战) was a naval engagement that took place in 1161 between the Jurchen Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty of China on the East China Sea. The conflict was part of the Jin-Song wars, and was fought near Tangdao Island. It was an attempt by the Jin to invade and conquer the Southern Song Dynasty, yet resulted in failure and defeat for the Jurchens. The Jin Dynasty navy was set on fire by firearms and Fire Arrows, suffering heavy losses. For this battle, the commander of the Song Dynasty squadron, Li Bao, faced the opposing commander Zheng Jia, the admiral of the Jin Dynasty. On the fate of Zheng Jia, the historical text of the Jin Shi states: Zheng Jia did not know the sea routes (among the islands) well, nor much about the management of ships, and he did not believe (that the enemy, the Song, was near). But all of a sudden they appeared, and finding us quite unready they hurled incendiary gunpowder projectiles on to our ships. So seeing all his ships going up in flames, and having no means of escape, Zheng Jia jumped into the sea and drowned. This battle was followed by another naval confrontation, the Battle of Caishi (采石之战) taking place in 1161. The battle is significant in the technological history of the Song navy. The 20th-century historian Joseph Needham has called the era "one of continual innovation" when the size of the Song fleet grew "from a total of 11 squadrons and 3,000 men [the Song navy] rose in one century to 20 squadrons totalling 52,000 men, with its main base near Shanghai." They were further reinforced by the aid of seafaring Chinese merchants. The technological gains of the Song navy ensured its access and dominance of the East China Sea for centuries in competition with the military forces of Jurchen and Mongol rivals. By 1129, the Song navy had invented gunpowder bombs for warship trebuchets. The weapon was made mandatory for all ships in the Song fleet. The construction of paddle-wheel ships, operated with treadmills, went on for several decades between 1132 and 1183. The engineer Gao Xuan devised a paddle-wheel ship outfitted with up to eleven paddle-wheels on each side. Iron plating for armoring the ships was designed in 1203 by the engineer Qin Shifu. Li Bao ordered his men to hurl their huopao (rudimentary grenades) and to concentrate the fire of their incendiary arrows and rockets at the rigging of the enemy ships. The Jin officers were taken by surprise by the impetuosity of the Chinese attack. The crimson sails of their ships made of oiled silk caught fire, and as the ships began to burn, the panic-stricken crew and soldiers leaped into the sea. While many Jin ships surrendered when the Chinese vessels closed in on them, others which were moored farther away hurriedly raised anchor and hoisted sail to flee. — Jung-pang Lor and hoisted sail to flee. — Jung-pang Lo
, La Bataille de Tangdao (chinois : 唐岛之战) a … La Bataille de Tangdao (chinois : 唐岛之战) a lieu en 1161 et oppose les Jurchen de la dynastie Jin à la dynastie Song de Chine sur la Mer de Chine orientale. Il s'agit d'une tentative d'invasion des Jin afin de conquérir la dynastie des Song du Sud, mais se termine par un échec et une défaite des Jurchens. La marine de la dynastie Jin, équipée d'armes à feu et de flèches enflammées, subit de lourdes pertes. Au cours de cette bataille, le commandant de l'escadron Song, Li Bao, fait face au commandant Zheng Jia, l'amiral de la dynastie Jin. À propos du sort de Zheng Jia, le texte historique Jin Shi indique : « Zheng Jia ne connaissait pas bien les routes maritimes (aux abords des îles), pas plus que la gestion de navires, et il ne pensait pas (que l'ennemi Song était proche). Mais tout à coup, ils sont apparus et nous trouvant peu préparé ils ont lancé des projectiles incendiaires sur nos navires. Donc en voyant ses navires en flamme et sans possibilité d'échappatoire, Zheng Jia s'est jeté à l'eau et noyé. » Cette bataille est suivie par une autre confrontation navale, la Bataille de Caishi (chinois : 采石之战), qui a lieu en 1161. Sur l'importance de ces batailles et le développement de la première marine permanente en Chine durant les Song, l'historien Joseph Needham indique que sur un total de 11 escadrons et 3 000 hommes, la marine Song est passée en un siècle à 20 escadrons et 52 000 hommes, avec une base navale près de Shanghai. Le besoin d'une force navale régulière pour les Song est supporté par les riches marchands chinois dans le Sud. Au cours de la campagne des Jin en 1161, presque 340 navires participent aux batailles sur le fleuve Yangzi Jiang. Cette bataille fait suite à un long processus technologique. En 1129, les trébuchets lançant des bombes de poudre à canon sont décrits comme faisant partie de l'équipement standard sur tous les navires de guerre. Entre 1132 et 1183, un grand nombre de bateaux à roues à aubes, petits ou grands, sont construits. En 1203, certains sont équipées de plaques en fer. La marine des Song du Sud défait ainsi les attaques successives de la dynastie Jin et les tentatives d'invasions mongoles pendant presque deux siècles, remportant donc le contrôle de la Mer de Chine orientale. le contrôle de la Mer de Chine orientale.
, 唐岛之战（南宋绍兴三十一年十月丙寅，即1161年11月16日），中国古代宋金战争中的著名战役，发生在今青岛市黄岛区附近黄海海面的（又名）附近，金朝水师希望由海路进攻南宋首都浙江臨安府（今杭州市）并灭亡宋朝，但金水师全军覆没，而以宋的胜利而告终。
, Pertempuran Tangdao (唐岛之战) berlangsung pad … Pertempuran Tangdao (唐岛之战) berlangsung pada tahun 1161 antara Dinasti Jin melawan Dinasti Song Selatan di Laut Tiongkok Timur. Ini adalah upaya Jin untuk menaklukan Dinasti Song Selatan, tetapi upaya ini gagal karena angkatan laut Jin dibakar akibat serangan panah api. Pertempuran ini kemudian diikuti oleh pertempuran laut lain, yaitu Pertempuran Caishi pada tahun 1161. Dalam pertempuran ini, komandan skuadron Dinasti Song, Li Bao, berhadapan dengan komandan Zheng Jia, laksamana Dinasti Jin.komandan Zheng Jia, laksamana Dinasti Jin.
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La Bataille de Tangdao (chinois : 唐岛之战) a … La Bataille de Tangdao (chinois : 唐岛之战) a lieu en 1161 et oppose les Jurchen de la dynastie Jin à la dynastie Song de Chine sur la Mer de Chine orientale. Il s'agit d'une tentative d'invasion des Jin afin de conquérir la dynastie des Song du Sud, mais se termine par un échec et une défaite des Jurchens. La marine de la dynastie Jin, équipée d'armes à feu et de flèches enflammées, subit de lourdes pertes. Au cours de cette bataille, le commandant de l'escadron Song, Li Bao, fait face au commandant Zheng Jia, l'amiral de la dynastie Jin. À propos du sort de Zheng Jia, le texte historique Jin Shi indique :Jia, le texte historique Jin Shi indique :
, 唐岛之战（南宋绍兴三十一年十月丙寅，即1161年11月16日），中国古代宋金战争中的著名战役，发生在今青岛市黄岛区附近黄海海面的（又名）附近，金朝水师希望由海路进攻南宋首都浙江臨安府（今杭州市）并灭亡宋朝，但金水师全军覆没，而以宋的胜利而告终。
, Pertempuran Tangdao (唐岛之战) berlangsung pad … Pertempuran Tangdao (唐岛之战) berlangsung pada tahun 1161 antara Dinasti Jin melawan Dinasti Song Selatan di Laut Tiongkok Timur. Ini adalah upaya Jin untuk menaklukan Dinasti Song Selatan, tetapi upaya ini gagal karena angkatan laut Jin dibakar akibat serangan panah api. Pertempuran ini kemudian diikuti oleh pertempuran laut lain, yaitu Pertempuran Caishi pada tahun 1161. Dalam pertempuran ini, komandan skuadron Dinasti Song, Li Bao, berhadapan dengan komandan Zheng Jia, laksamana Dinasti Jin.komandan Zheng Jia, laksamana Dinasti Jin.
, The Battle of Tangdao (唐岛之战) was a naval e … The Battle of Tangdao (唐岛之战) was a naval engagement that took place in 1161 between the Jurchen Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty of China on the East China Sea. The conflict was part of the Jin-Song wars, and was fought near Tangdao Island. It was an attempt by the Jin to invade and conquer the Southern Song Dynasty, yet resulted in failure and defeat for the Jurchens. The Jin Dynasty navy was set on fire by firearms and Fire Arrows, suffering heavy losses. For this battle, the commander of the Song Dynasty squadron, Li Bao, faced the opposing commander Zheng Jia, the admiral of the Jin Dynasty. On the fate of Zheng Jia, the historical text of the Jin Shi states:the historical text of the Jin Shi states:
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唐岛之战
, Battle of Tangdao
, Bataille de Tangdao
, Pertempuran Tangdao
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