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La navigation dans l'Antiquité marque la p … La navigation dans l'Antiquité marque la première grande étape dans la conquête de l’espace maritime. Certaines îles de la mer Méditerranée ont été fréquentées par des chasseurs-cueilleurs peut-être dès le XIIe millénaire. À partir du Néolithique, la navigation s’intensifie et la Méditerranée devient très vite un trait d’union entre ses rivages, un moyen de communication par excellence. On a longtemps cru, en particulier à la suite de Richard Lefebvre des Noëttes, que les marins de l’Antiquité étaient incapables de se diriger en haute mer et que leurs navires, équipés d’avirons latéraux de gouverne et de voiles carrées, n’étaient que de piètres embarcations, au tonnage médiocre, incapables de s’éloigner des côtes ; grâce à des études nombreuses et aux acquis récents de l’archéologie sous-marine, les chercheurs se sont aujourd’hui dégagés de ces idées fausses et préconçues.égagés de ces idées fausses et préconçues.
, يعود التاريخ البحري إلى آلاف السنين. يعود … يعود التاريخ البحري إلى آلاف السنين. يعود دليل تاريخ التجارة البحرية بين الحضارات في التاريخ البحري القديم إلى ألفي سنة على الأقل. يُفترض أن قوارب ما قبل التاريخ الأولى كانت قوارب شجرية طورتها مجموعات سكانية مختلفة بصورة مستقلة. استخدِمت مختلف السفن في التاريخ القديم لصيد الأسماك الساحلية والسفر. عُثر على قارب شراعي من العصر الحجري المتوسط في جزيرة وايت في بريطانيا. اخترعت الشعوب الأسترونيزية أول قوارب حقيقية تبحر في المحيطات، وذلك باستخدام تقنيات جديدة مثل القوارب المتعددة والقوارب الشراعية وأشرعة مخلب سرطان الماء وأشرعة التانيا. مكنت هذه الاختراعات الانتشار السريع للأسترونيزيين في جزر كل من المحيطين الهندي والمحيط الهادئ، والمعروفة باسم التوسع الأسترونيزي. وضعوا الأسس لطرق التجارة البحرية في جنوب آسيا وبحر العرب بنحو 1000 إلى 600 سنة قبل الميلاد، والتي أصبحت فيما بعد طريق الحرير البحري. استورد المصريون التوابل من أرض «بنط» ومن الجزيرة العربية من خلال طرق تجارية عبر البحر الأحمر. اعتمدت العديد من الطرق البرية والبحرية المشتركة الراسخة على النقل المائي عبر البحر حول المناطق الداخلية الوعرة إلى الشمال في عهد يوليوس قيصر. عرف السومريون الملاحة بين الألفية الرابعة والثالثة قبل الميلاد. أدى البحث عن مصدر التوابل عبر طرق التجارة البحرية إلى ما سمي بعصر الاستكشاف في وقت لاحق.رية إلى ما سمي بعصر الاستكشاف في وقت لاحق.
, Maritime history dates back thousands of y … Maritime history dates back thousands of years. In ancient maritime history, evidence of maritime trade between civilizations dates back at least two millennia. The first prehistoric boats are presumed to have been dugout canoes which were developed independently by various Stone Age populations. In ancient history, various vessels were used for coastal fishing and travel. A mesolithic boatyard has been found from the Isle of Wight in Britain Austronesian peoples used novel technologies like multihulls, outriggers, crab claw sails, and tanja sails. This enabled the rapid spread of Austronesians into the islands of both the Indian and the Pacific Oceans, known as the Austronesian expansion. They laid the groundwork for the maritime trade routes into South Asia and the Arabian Sea by around 1000 to 600 BC, which would later become the Maritime Silk Road. Egyptians had trade routes through the Red Sea, importing spices from the "Land of Punt" and from Arabia. By the time of Julius Caesar, several well-established combined land-sea trade routes depended upon water transport through the sea around the rough inland terrain features to its north. Navigation was known in Sumer between the 4th and the 3rd millennium BC. The search for the source of spices in these maritime trade routes later led to the Age of Exploration.outes later led to the Age of Exploration.
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August 2022
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Typical Austronesian ship designs, left to … Typical Austronesian ship designs, left to right:
*Hōkūlea, a Polynesian voyaging catamaran with crab claw sails
*Filipino double-outrigger paraw with a crab claw sail
*A Melanesian single-outrigger tepukei with a forward-mounted crab claw sail from the Solomon Islands
*Nur al Marege, an Indonesian replica of a padewakang with tanja sails
*Waka, narrow Māori war canoes propelled by paddlingrow Māori war canoes propelled by paddling
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La navigation dans l'Antiquité marque la p … La navigation dans l'Antiquité marque la première grande étape dans la conquête de l’espace maritime. Certaines îles de la mer Méditerranée ont été fréquentées par des chasseurs-cueilleurs peut-être dès le XIIe millénaire. À partir du Néolithique, la navigation s’intensifie et la Méditerranée devient très vite un trait d’union entre ses rivages, un moyen de communication par excellence. un moyen de communication par excellence.
, يعود التاريخ البحري إلى آلاف السنين. يعود … يعود التاريخ البحري إلى آلاف السنين. يعود دليل تاريخ التجارة البحرية بين الحضارات في التاريخ البحري القديم إلى ألفي سنة على الأقل. يُفترض أن قوارب ما قبل التاريخ الأولى كانت قوارب شجرية طورتها مجموعات سكانية مختلفة بصورة مستقلة. استخدِمت مختلف السفن في التاريخ القديم لصيد الأسماك الساحلية والسفر. عُثر على قارب شراعي من العصر الحجري المتوسط في جزيرة وايت في بريطانيا. الحجري المتوسط في جزيرة وايت في بريطانيا.
, Maritime history dates back thousands of y … Maritime history dates back thousands of years. In ancient maritime history, evidence of maritime trade between civilizations dates back at least two millennia. The first prehistoric boats are presumed to have been dugout canoes which were developed independently by various Stone Age populations. In ancient history, various vessels were used for coastal fishing and travel. A mesolithic boatyard has been found from the Isle of Wight in Britainen found from the Isle of Wight in Britain
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, Navigation dans l'Antiquité
, التاريخ البحري القديم
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