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Aluminiumverbindungen sind die chemischen … Aluminiumverbindungen sind die chemischen Verbindungen des metallischen Elements Aluminium. Viele Aluminiumverbindungen kommen als Minerale natürlich vor. Aluminium ist nach Silicium und Sauerstoff das dritthäufigste und damit das häufigste metallische Element der Erdkruste; dementsprechend treten auch Aluminiumverbindungen, z. B. die Alumosilicate, häufig auf. In fast allen seiner Verbindungen ist Aluminium dreiwertig und der elektropositive Partner. Alle natürlich vorkommenden Aluminiumverbindungen und alle käuflichen Aluminiumverbindungen sind solche mit dem Oxidationszustand +3. Im dreifach positiv geladenen Aluminiumion Al3+ hat das Ion die Elektronenkonfiguration des Neons mit 10 Elektronen. Der Ionenradius ist sehr klein – Al3+ kann zu den kleinsten Ionen überhaupt gezählt werden, da die Verbindungen des noch etwas kleineren B3+ und der noch höher geladene Ionen (wie Si4+ oder Ti4+) eher kovalent als ionisch sind. Al3+ gehört im HSAB-Konzept zu den harten Lewis-Säuren und geht demnach besonders stabile Verbindungen mit den harten Lewis-Basen Fluorid F− und Oxid O2− ein. In vielen Verbindungen hat Aluminium(III) entweder die Koordinationszahl vier oder sechs. Bei der Koordinationszahl sechs tritt oft die oktaedrische Koordination auf, bei der Koordinationszahl vier die tetraedrische, z. B. in den Alumosilicaten. Verbindungen des dreiwertigen Aluminiums sind zumeist farblos. Zu den Ausnahmen zählen auch Verbindungen, die zum Nachweis des Aluminiumions genutzt werden: das cobalthaltige Thénards Blau, die fluoreszierende Verbindung mit Morin und der Farblacke des und des Aluminons. Die Farblosigkeit der meisten Aluminiumverbindungen kann mit der abgeschlossenen Neon-Elektronenschale des Al3+ erklärt werden, die sich kaum an Elektronenübergängen beteiligt.ch kaum an Elektronenübergängen beteiligt.
, Aluminium (or aluminum) combines character … Aluminium (or aluminum) combines characteristics of pre- and post-transition metals. Since it has few available electrons for metallic bonding, like its heavier group 13 congeners, it has the characteristic physical properties of a post-transition metal, with longer-than-expected interatomic distances. Furthermore, as Al3+ is a small and highly charged cation, it is strongly polarizing and aluminium compounds tend towards covalency; this behaviour is similar to that of beryllium (Be2+), an example of a diagonal relationship. However, unlike all other post-transition metals, the underlying core under aluminium's valence shell is that of the preceding noble gas, whereas for gallium and indium it is that of the preceding noble gas plus a filled d-subshell, and for thallium and nihonium it is that of the preceding noble gas plus filled d- and f-subshells. Hence, aluminium does not suffer the effects of incomplete shielding of valence electrons by inner electrons from the nucleus that its heavier congeners do. Aluminium's electropositive behavior, high affinity for oxygen, and highly negative standard electrode potential are all more similar to those of scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, and actinium, which have ds2 configurations of three valence electrons outside a noble gas core: aluminium is the most electropositive metal in its group. Aluminium also bears minor similarities to the metalloid boron in the same group; AlX3 compounds are valence isoelectronic to BX3 compounds (they have the same valence electronic structure), and both behave as Lewis acids and readily form adducts. Additionally, one of the main motifs of boron chemistry is regular icosahedral structures, and aluminium forms an important part of many icosahedral quasicrystal alloys, including the Al–Zn–Mg class.stal alloys, including the Al–Zn–Mg class.
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| rdfs:comment |
Aluminium (or aluminum) combines character … Aluminium (or aluminum) combines characteristics of pre- and post-transition metals. Since it has few available electrons for metallic bonding, like its heavier group 13 congeners, it has the characteristic physical properties of a post-transition metal, with longer-than-expected interatomic distances. Furthermore, as Al3+ is a small and highly charged cation, it is strongly polarizing and aluminium compounds tend towards covalency; this behaviour is similar to that of beryllium (Be2+), an example of a diagonal relationship. However, unlike all other post-transition metals, the underlying core under aluminium's valence shell is that of the preceding noble gas, whereas for gallium and indium it is that of the preceding noble gas plus a filled d-subshell, and for thallium and nihonium it is hell, and for thallium and nihonium it is
, Aluminiumverbindungen sind die chemischen … Aluminiumverbindungen sind die chemischen Verbindungen des metallischen Elements Aluminium. Viele Aluminiumverbindungen kommen als Minerale natürlich vor. Aluminium ist nach Silicium und Sauerstoff das dritthäufigste und damit das häufigste metallische Element der Erdkruste; dementsprechend treten auch Aluminiumverbindungen, z. B. die Alumosilicate, häufig auf.ngen, z. B. die Alumosilicate, häufig auf.
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Kombinaĵoj de aluminio
, Aluminiumverbindungen
, Aluminium compounds
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