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Ο Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος στη Γιουγκοσλαβική … Ο Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος στη Γιουγκοσλαβική Μακεδονία ξεκίνησε με την γερμανική κατοχή της Γιουγκοσλαβίας. Οι Σλαβομακεδόνες κομμουνιστές Αντάρτες του Λαϊκού Απελευθερωτικού Στρατού της Μακεδονίας, τμήμα του Γιουγκοσλαβικού ανταρτικού κινήματος, ξεκίνησαν μια πολιτική και στρατιωτική εκστρατεία, στις 11 Οκτωβρίου 1941 για να αντισταθούν στην κατοχή της Μακεδονίας του Βαρδάρη από τα βουλγαρικά, τα γερμανικά, τα ιταλικά και τα αλβανικά στρατεύματα. Επισήμως, η περιοχή ονομαζόταν τότε Μπανόβινα του Βαρδάρη, επειδή το ίδιο το όνομα Μακεδονία ήταν απαγορευμένο στο Βασίλειο της Γιουγκοσλαβίας. Αρχικά δεν είχε ιδιαίτερη επιτυχία, άρχισε να διευρύνεται μόνο το 1943 με την συνθηκολόγηση της Ιταλίας και της Σοβιετικής νίκες κατά της Ναζιστικής Γερμανίας. Ο ρόλος των Βουλγάρων κομμουνιστών, που απέφευγαν την οργάνωση μαζικής ένοπλης αντίστασης, ήταν επίσης ένας βασικός παράγοντας. Η επιρροή τους στην οργάνωση του Μακεδονικού Κόμματος παρέμεινε το κυρίαρχη μέχρι την άνοιξη του 1943, όταν ο ειδικός απεσταλμένος του Τίτο Σβετοζάρ Βουκμάνοβιτς έφτασε στη Μακεδονία. Αυτό οδήγησε στην ανάδειξη αντιβουλγαρικών παρτιζάνων ηγετών από την νέα γενιά, οι οποίοι ήταν πιστοί στη Γιουγκοσλαβία. Στο δυτικό τμήμα της περιοχής, οι επίσης συμμετείχαν στο αντιστασιακό κίνημα. Μετά που η Βουλγαρία άλλαξε στρατόπεδο στον πόλεμο, τον Σεπτέμβριο του 1944, η βουλγαρικός 5ος Στρατός που βρισκόταν στην Γιουγκοσλαβική Μακεδονία, γύρισε πίσω στα παλιά σύνορα της Βουλγαρίας. Στις αρχές Οκτωβρίου ο νεοσύστατος Βουλγαρικός Λαϊκός Στρατός, μαζί με τον Κόκκινο Στρατό, επέστρεψε στην κατεχόμενη Γιουγκοσλαβία για να μπλοκάρει τις γερμανικές δυνάμεις που αποχωρούσαν από την Ελλάδα. Η Μακεδονία του Βαρδάρη απελευθερώθηκε στο τέλος του Νοεμβρίου, όταν η κομμουνιστική Γιουγκοσλαβία ιδρύθηκε. Η επιχείρηση αυτή ονομάστηκε ο Εθνικός Απελευθερωτικός Πόλεμος της Μακεδονίας (σλαβομακεδονικά: Народноослободителна борба на Македонија, Narodnoosloboditelna borba na Makedonija) από τους Παρτιζάνους, σε αντιστοιχία με τον μεγαλύτερο Λαϊκό Απελευθερωτικό Πόλεμο, αλλά οι μαχητές επίσης ανέπτυξαν περαιτέρω φιλοδοξίες για στην γεωγραφική περιοχή της Μακεδονίας. Αυτό σηματοδότησε την ήττα του και τη νίκη του σλαβομακεδονικού στην περιοχή.τη νίκη του σλαβομακεδονικού στην περιοχή.
, Северная Македония во время Народно-освобо … Северная Македония во время Народно-освободительной войны Югославии (серб. Македонија у Народноослободилачкој борби, макед. Македонија вo народноослободителните борби) стала полем битвы между партизанскими частями Народно-освободительной армии Македонии и болгарскими, немецкими и албанскими оккупационными войсками. Война на территории сегодняшней Северной Македонии началась 11 октября 1941 и завершилась изгнанием оккупантов 19 ноября 1944. Это рассматривается как часть Народно-освободительной войны Югославии.ь Народно-освободительной войны Югославии.
, La Seconde Guerre mondiale en Macédoine yo … La Seconde Guerre mondiale en Macédoine yougoslave a commencé avec l'invasion de la Yougoslavie par l'Axe en avril 1941. Sous la pression du mouvement partisan yougoslave, une partie des entame en octobre 1941 une campagne politique et militaire pour résister à l'occupation de la Macédoine du Vardar. Officiellement, la région s'appelait alors Banovine du Vardar, car le nom même de Macédoine était interdit dans le royaume de Yougoslavie. Il était occupé principalement par les forces bulgares, mais aussi par les forces allemandes, italiennes et albanaises. Au départ, il n'y avait pas de résistance organisée car la majorité des Slaves macédoniens étaient d'orientation pro-bulgare. Il n'a commencé à se développer qu'en 1943 avec la capitulation de l'Italie et les victoires soviétiques sur l'Allemagne nazie. Le rôle des communistes bulgares, qui ont évité d'organiser une résistance armée de masse, a également été un facteur clé. Leur influence sur l'organisation du Parti macédonien est restée dominante jusqu'en 1943, lorsqu'il est devenu évident que l'Allemagne et la Bulgarie seraient vaincues. À cette époque, l'émissaire spécial de Tito, Svetozar Vukmanović, arriva en Macédoine. Vukmanović a dû activer la lutte et lui donner une nouvelle façade ethnique macédonienne. Cela a conduit à la montée en puissance de la jeune génération de dirigeants partisans anti-bulgares, fidèles à la Yougoslavie. Ils forment en 1943 l' Armée populaire de libération de Macédoine et le Parti communiste macédonien. Dans la partie ouest de la région, les partisans albanais ont également participé au mouvement de résistance. Après que la Bulgarie ait changé de camp dans la guerre en septembre 1944, le 5e bulgare. Armée stationnée en Macédoine, reculée vers les anciennes frontières de la Bulgarie. Début octobre, l' nouvellement formée et l'Armée rouge sont rentrées dans la Yougoslavie occupée pour bloquer le retrait des forces allemandes de Grèce. La Macédoine yougoslave a été libérée fin novembre lorsque la Yougoslavie communiste a été établie. Après la retraite allemande forcée par l'offensive bulgare, la conscription des Macédoniens dans l'armée a considérablement augmenté. L'opération a été appelée la guerre de libération nationale de la Macédoine ( macédonien : Народноослободителна борба на Македонија, Narodnoosloboditelna borba na Makedonija) par l' yougoslave, dans la lignée de la grande guerre de libération du peuple yougoslave. Certains des combattants ont également développé des aspirations à l'indépendance de la région de Macédoine, mais ont été réprimés à la fin de la guerre par les autorités communistes. Elle marqua la défaite du nationalisme bulgare et la victoire du pro-yougoslave dans la région. En conséquence, les nouvelles autorités communistes persécutèrent les anciens collaborationnistes avec les accusations de « grand chauvinisme bulgare » et dispersèrent toutes les organisations qui s'opposaient à l'idée yougoslave et insistaient sur l'.à l'idée yougoslave et insistaient sur l'.
, World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia started … World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia started with the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941. Under the pressure of the Yugoslav Partisan movement, part of the Macedonian communists began in October 1941 a political and military campaign to resist the occupation of Vardar Macedonia. Officially, the area was called then Vardar Banovina, because the very name Macedonia was prohibited in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was occupied mostly by Bulgarian, but also by German, Italian, and Albanian forces. Initially there was no organised resistance because the majority of the Macedonian Slavs were pro-Bulgarian oriented. It started to grow only in 1943 with the capitulation of Italy and the Soviet victories over Nazi Germany. The role of the Bulgarian communists, who avoided organizing mass armed resistance, was also a key factor. Their influence over the Macedonian Party organization remained dominant until 1943, when it became obvious that Germany and Bulgaria would be defeated. At that time Tito's special emissary Svetozar Vukmanović arrived in Macedonia. Vukmanović had to activate the struggle and give it a new ethnic Macedonian facade. This led to the rise of younger generation anti-Bulgarian oriented partisan leaders, who were loyal to Yugoslavia. They formed in 1943 the People's Liberation Army of Macedonia and the Macedonian Communist Party. In the western part of the area, the Albanian Partisans also participated in the resistance movement. After Bulgaria switched sides in the war in September 1944, the Bulgarian 5th. Army stationed in Macedonia, moved back to the old borders of Bulgaria. In the early October the newly formed Bulgarian People's Army together with the Red Army reentered occupied Yugoslavia to blocking the German forces withdrawing from Greece. Yugoslav Macedonia was liberated in end of November when communist Yugoslavia was established. After the German retreat forced by the Bulgarian offensive, the conscription of Macedonians in the army increased significantly. The operation was called the National Liberation War of Macedonia (Macedonian: Народноослободителна борба на Македонија, Narodnoosloboditelna borba na Makedonija) by the Yugoslav Marxist historiography, in line with the greater Yugoslav People's Liberation War. Some of the combatants also developed aspirations for independence of the region of Macedonia, but were suppressed at the end of the war by the communist authorities. It marked the defeat of Bulgarian nationalism and the victory of the pro-Yugoslav Macedonism in the area. As result the new Communist authorities persecuted the former collaborationists with the charges of "Great Bulgarian chauvinism" and broke up all the organisations that opposed the Yugoslav idea and insisted on Macedonian independence.a and insisted on Macedonian independence.
, بدأت الحرب العالمية الثانية في مقدونيا الي … بدأت الحرب العالمية الثانية في مقدونيا اليوغوسلافية بغزو دول المحور لها في أبريل من عام 1941. بضغط من حركة بارتيزان يوغوسلافيا، بدأ جزء من شيوعيي مقدونيا في أكتوبر من عام 1941 حملة سياسية وعسكرية للمقاومة ضد احتلال فاردار مقدونيا. رسميًا، كانت المنطقة بأكملها تُدعى فاردار بانوفينا، لأن اسم مقدونيا بحد ذاته كان محظورًا في مملكة يوغوسلافيا. كانت مُحتلة في معظمها من قبل البلغاريين، لكن كان فيها قوى احتلال ألمانية، وإيطالية، وألبانية أيضًا. في البدء لم يكن ثمة مقاومة منظمة لأن غالبية السلاف المقدونيين كانوا ذوي توجه مناصر لبلغاريا. لم تبدأ بالنمو إلا في عام 1943 مع استسلام إيطاليا وانتصارات السوفييت على ألمانيا النازية. كان دور الشيوعيين البلغاريين الذين تجنبوا تنظيم مقاومة جماهيرية مسلحة عاملًا أساسيًا أيضًا. بقي نفوذهم مهيمنًا على تنظيم الحزب المقدوني حتى عام 1943، وقتما صار واضحًا أن ألمانيا وبلغاريا متجهتان إلى الهزيمة. وصل آنذاك مبعوث تيتو الخاص سفيتوزار فوكمانوفيتش إلى مقدونيا. كان على فوكمانوفيتش تأجيج الصراع ومنحه مظهرًا إثنيًا مقدونيًا جديدًا. أدى هذا إلى نهضة الجيل الأصغر من قادة البارتيزان المناهضين لبلغاريا، والذين كانوا مخلصين ليوغوسلافيا. شكلوا في عام 1943 جيش التحرير الشعبي المقدوني والحزب الشيوعي المقدوني. في القسم الغربي من المنطقة، شارك البارتيزان الألبانيون أيضًا في حركة المقاومة. بعد أن انتقلت بلغاريا إلى الطرف الآخر في الحرب في سبتمبر من عام 1944، تراجع الجيش الخامس البلغاري المتمركز في مقدونيا، إلى حدود بلغاريا القديمة. في بداية أوكتوبر، أعاد الجيش الشعبي البلغاري سوية مع الجيش الأحمر دخول يوغوسلافيا المُحتلة بُغية قطع الطريق على القوات الألمانية المنسحبة من اليونان. تحررت مقدونيا اليوغوسلافية في نهاية نوفمبر وقتما تأسست يوغوسلافيا الشيوعية. بعد انسحاب الألمان نتيجة العدوان البلغاري، تزايد التجنيد الإلزامي للمقدونيين في الجيش بصورة كبيرة. سُميت العملية بحرب التحرير الوطنية المقدونية في التأريخ الماركسي اليوغوسلافي، بما يتفق مع حرب التحرير الشعبية اليوغوسلافية الأكبر. تطورت لدى بعض المحاربين طموحات حول استقلال منطقة مقدونيا، لكن قمعتهم السلطات الشيوعية في نهاية الحرب. حدد ذلك هزيمة القومية البلغارية ونصر المقدونية المناصرة ليوغوسلافيا في المنطقة. نتيجة لذلك، اضطهدت السلطات الشيوعية الجديدة المتعاونين السابقين مع العدو بتهمة «التعصب لبلغاريا العظمى» وفككت كل المنظمات التي عارضت الفكرة اليوغوسلافية وأصرت على الاستقلال المقدوني.اليوغوسلافية وأصرت على الاستقلال المقدوني.
, Македонія у Другій світовій війні — частина історії Північної Македонії, яка охоплює період Другої світової війни.
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LANÇ
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**PSR Albania
, ****Macedonizationof the area
, **Greek Communist Government
, *** Macedonian minority was recognized
, *Formation ofcommunist states after the German retreat:
, *** Macedonian minority was recognized (temporarily)
, *Soviet strategic offensive in the areabacked by the reorganizedBulgarian Armyand aided by the Yugoslav, Albanian and Greek Partisans.
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66,000 (Dec. 1944)
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, ~300,000 (Army Group E in October 1944)
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, 340,000 Bulgarian soldiers in Southern Serbia and Vardar Macedonia (October – December 1944)
, ~ 32,000 Bulgarian soldiers in Southern Serbia and Vardar Macedonia (May 1941 – September 1944)
, ----
, 8,000 (Sep. 1944)
, 2,000 (1942)
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Map of Vardar Macedonia during World War II. The area was divided between Albania and Bulgaria and the frontier between them run approximately along the line: Struga – Tetovo – Gjilan – Vranje.
|
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|
By nationality:
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, 7000
, 2000
, By affiliation:
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|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/combatant
|
Albania
, Yugoslav Partisans
*
, Balli Kombëtar
, 23
, Albania
----
, Chetniks
, Pećanac Chetniks
----
, LANÇ
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/commander
|
Svetozar Vukmanović
, Kosta Pećanac
----
, Draža Mihailović
, Mefail Shehu
, Nikola Mikhov
, Bogdan Filov
, Stojan Krstić
, Xhemo Hasa
, Alexander Löhr
----
, Josip Broz Tito
, Milivoje Trbić
, 23
, Konstantin Stoyanov
, Vasil Boydev
, Gajur Deralla
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/conflict
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World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia
|
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"2007-08-04"^^xsd:date
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350
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http://dbpedia.org/resource/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia +
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parts of the wider region of Macedonia
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|
*Soviet strategic offensive in the area ba … *Soviet strategic offensive in the area backed by the reorganized Bulgarian Army and aided by the Yugoslav, Albanian and Greek Partisans.
*Formation of communist states after the German retreat:
** SFR Yugoslavia
*** PR Macedonia
****Macedonization of the area
**** Communist purges
** PR Bulgaria
*** Macedonian minority was recognized
** PSR Albania
*** Macedonian minority was recognized
** Greek Communist Government
*** Macedonian minority was recognizednt
*** Macedonian minority was recognized
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/strength
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110000
, 8000
, ~ 32,000 Bulgarian soldiers in Southern Serbia and Vardar Macedonia
, 340000
, 2000
, 1000
, 66000
, ~300,000
----
~8,000 Chetniks
|
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|
Part of Vardar Banovina became SR Macedonia as part of SFR Yugoslavia
|
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https://web.archive.org/web/20070804214942/http:/www.soros.org.mk/archive/G07/A07/aar07.htm +
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La Seconde Guerre mondiale en Macédoine yo … La Seconde Guerre mondiale en Macédoine yougoslave a commencé avec l'invasion de la Yougoslavie par l'Axe en avril 1941. Sous la pression du mouvement partisan yougoslave, une partie des entame en octobre 1941 une campagne politique et militaire pour résister à l'occupation de la Macédoine du Vardar. Officiellement, la région s'appelait alors Banovine du Vardar, car le nom même de Macédoine était interdit dans le royaume de Yougoslavie. Il était occupé principalement par les forces bulgares, mais aussi par les forces allemandes, italiennes et albanaises.rces allemandes, italiennes et albanaises.
, Македонія у Другій світовій війні — частина історії Північної Македонії, яка охоплює період Другої світової війни.
, Ο Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος στη Γιουγκοσλαβική … Ο Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος στη Γιουγκοσλαβική Μακεδονία ξεκίνησε με την γερμανική κατοχή της Γιουγκοσλαβίας. Οι Σλαβομακεδόνες κομμουνιστές Αντάρτες του Λαϊκού Απελευθερωτικού Στρατού της Μακεδονίας, τμήμα του Γιουγκοσλαβικού ανταρτικού κινήματος, ξεκίνησαν μια πολιτική και στρατιωτική εκστρατεία, στις 11 Οκτωβρίου 1941 για να αντισταθούν στην κατοχή της Μακεδονίας του Βαρδάρη από τα βουλγαρικά, τα γερμανικά, τα ιταλικά και τα αλβανικά στρατεύματα. Επισήμως, η περιοχή ονομαζόταν τότε Μπανόβινα του Βαρδάρη, επειδή το ίδιο το όνομα Μακεδονία ήταν απαγορευμένο στο Βασίλειο της Γιουγκοσλαβίας.γορευμένο στο Βασίλειο της Γιουγκοσλαβίας.
, Северная Македония во время Народно-освобо … Северная Македония во время Народно-освободительной войны Югославии (серб. Македонија у Народноослободилачкој борби, макед. Македонија вo народноослободителните борби) стала полем битвы между партизанскими частями Народно-освободительной армии Македонии и болгарскими, немецкими и албанскими оккупационными войсками. Война на территории сегодняшней Северной Македонии началась 11 октября 1941 и завершилась изгнанием оккупантов 19 ноября 1944. Это рассматривается как часть Народно-освободительной войны Югославии.ь Народно-освободительной войны Югославии.
, بدأت الحرب العالمية الثانية في مقدونيا الي … بدأت الحرب العالمية الثانية في مقدونيا اليوغوسلافية بغزو دول المحور لها في أبريل من عام 1941. بضغط من حركة بارتيزان يوغوسلافيا، بدأ جزء من شيوعيي مقدونيا في أكتوبر من عام 1941 حملة سياسية وعسكرية للمقاومة ضد احتلال فاردار مقدونيا. رسميًا، كانت المنطقة بأكملها تُدعى فاردار بانوفينا، لأن اسم مقدونيا بحد ذاته كان محظورًا في مملكة يوغوسلافيا. كانت مُحتلة في معظمها من قبل البلغاريين، لكن كان فيها قوى احتلال ألمانية، وإيطالية، وألبانية أيضًا. احتلال ألمانية، وإيطالية، وألبانية أيضًا.
, World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia started … World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia started with the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941. Under the pressure of the Yugoslav Partisan movement, part of the Macedonian communists began in October 1941 a political and military campaign to resist the occupation of Vardar Macedonia. Officially, the area was called then Vardar Banovina, because the very name Macedonia was prohibited in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It was occupied mostly by Bulgarian, but also by German, Italian, and Albanian forces.o by German, Italian, and Albanian forces.
|
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Seconde Guerre mondiale en Macédoine yougoslave
, World War II in Yugoslav Macedonia
, الحرب العالمية الثانية في مقدونيا اليوغوسلافية
, Югославська Македонія у Другій світовій війні
, Северная Македония во время Народно-освободительной войны Югославии
, Β΄ Παγκόσμιος Πόλεμος στη Γιουγκοσλαβική Μακεδονία
|
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