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http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract Um fenômeno crepuscular é produzido quandoUm fenômeno crepuscular é produzido quando as partículas do escapamento de mísseis ou de um propulsores de foguetes deixadas na trilha de condensação de um veículo lançador condensam, congelam e depois se expandem na atmosfera superior menos densa. A pluma do escapamento, suspensa contra um céu escuro, é então iluminada pela luz solar refletiva de alta altitude através da dispersão, que produz um efeito colorido quando vista ao nível do solo. O fenômeno normalmente ocorre com lançamentos que ocorrem 30 a 60 minutos antes do nascer do sol ou após o pôr do sol, quando um foguete ou míssil sobe na escuridão para uma área iluminada pelo sol, em relação à perspectiva de um observador no solo. Como os rastros de foguetes se estendem até à estratosfera e mesosfera, eles captam a luz solar a alta altitude muito depois de o sol se pôr no solo. As pequenas partículas na pluma de exaustão em expansão ou "nuvem" difratam a luz solar e produzem as cores rosa, azul, verde e laranja — como um prisma dispersivo pode ser usado para quebrar a luz em suas cores espectrais constituintes (as cores do arco-íris) — formando o fenômeno. A pluma de exaustão também pode assumir a aparência de um saca-rolhas ao ser girada pelas correntes de vento de nível superior. Normalmente é vista dentro de dois a três minutos após o lançamento. Dependendo das condições meteorológicas, pode permanecer no céu por até meia hora antes de se dispersar. Na Base Aérea de Vandenberg, na Califórnia, mais de 1 800 mísseis e propulsores espaciais foram lançados da costa central da Califórnia, no norte do condado de Santa Bárbara, desde dezembro de 1958. No entanto, apenas uma pequena porcentagem desses lançamentos criaram o fenômeno crepuscular. O mesmo com os Programas de Sistemas Estratégicos da Marinha dos EUA, que conduz voos de teste de mísseis Trident II (D5) no mar a partir de submarinos da classe SSBN do Ohio na Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF), na costa do sul da Califórnia, ou Kokola Point em Barking Sands (PMRF), na de Kauai. Alguns observadores presumiram erroneamente que o míssil ou foguete que cria o espetáculo aéreo deve ter funcionado mal ou sido destruído durante o voo. Essa crença se origina do aparecimento do rastro do veículo lançador à medida que ele se torce em nós pelas correntes de ar de alta altitude ou pelo cisalhamento do vento. Até o momento, nenhum míssil ou foguete com defeito foi conhecido por criar o fenômeno. Nas raras ocasiões em que um míssil ou foguete não funciona bem, ele é destruído por uma oficial de segurança de alcance antes de atingir as altitudes onde ocorre o fenômeno crepuscular. A aparência e a intensidade do fenômeno variam de acordo com a localização do observador e as condições climáticas — normalmente, céu claro sem luar, já que a cobertura de nuvens bloquearia a visão. Nos lançamentos de foguetes nos Estados Unidos, o fenômeno geralmente pode ser visto em todo o estado da Califórnia e em lugares distantes como Arizona, Nevada e Utah. Na Costa Leste, avistamentos semelhantes foram observados e relatados durante lançamentos crepusculares do ônibus espacial do Centro Espacial John F. Kennedy da NASA, e observados em outros sistemas de lançamento descartáveis dos complexos de lançamento da Força Espacial dos EUA na Estação da Força Espacial de Cabo Canaveral, na Flórida. Numerosas nações com um programa espacial — como a Agência Espacial Europeia, a Agência Espacial Federal Russa, a Administração Espacial Nacional da China, Agência Japonesa de Exploração Aeroespacial, Organização Indiana de Pesquisa Espacial e outros países experimentaram o mesmo evento.tros países experimentaram o mesmo evento. , 暮光现象(twilight phenomenon)是指各类航天器的发射载具在发射后,燃料燃烧后在大气中留下的凝结尾迹,在特殊光照条件下被地面观测到的现象。 在日出前或日落后30至60分钟发射放入航天器,地面处于地球的阴影中,而由于地球曲率,火箭在高空超音速飞行喷射的尾迹在阳光的照射下发生色散,此时从地面可以观测到凝结尾迹随着空气流动五颜六色不停变换的壮观现象。 , A twilight phenomenon is produced when exhA twilight phenomenon is produced when exhaust particles from missile or rocket propellant left in the vapor trail of a launch vehicle condense, freeze, and then expand in the less dense upper atmosphere. The exhaust plume, which is suspended against a dark sky, is then illuminated by reflective high-altitude sunlight through dispersion, which produces a spectacular, colorful effect when seen at ground level. The phenomenon typically occurs with launches that take place either 30 to 60 minutes before sunrise or after sunset when a booster rocket or missile rises out of the darkness and into a sunlit area, relative to an observer's perspective on the ground. Because rocket trails extend high into the stratosphere and mesosphere, they catch high-altitude sunlight long after the sun has set on the ground. The small particles in the expanding exhaust plume or "cloud" diffract sunlight and produce the rose, blue, green and orange colors—much like a dispersive prism can be used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors (the colors of the rainbow) – thereby making the twilight phenomenon all the more spectacular. The exhaust plume may also take on a corkscrew appearance as it is whipped around by upper-level wind currents. It is typically seen within two to three minutes after a launch has occurred. Depending on weather conditions, it could remain in the sky for up to half an hour before dispersing. At Vandenberg AFB in California, more than 1,800 missiles and space boosters have been launched from the central California coastline in northern Santa Barbara County since December 1958. However, only a small percentage of these launches have created the twilight phenomenon. The same is true with the U.S. Navy's Strategic Systems Programs, which conducts Trident II (D5) missile test flights at sea from Ohio Class SSBN submarines in the Pacific Test Range off the coast of Southern California, or Kokola Point at Barking Sands on the Hawaiian island of Kauai. Some observers have wrongly assumed the missile or rocket creating the aerial spectacle must have malfunctioned or been destroyed while in flight. That belief stems from the appearance of the launch vehicle's contrail as it becomes twisted into knots by upper altitude air currents or wind shear. To date, no malfunctioning missile or rocket has been known to create the phenomenon. On the rare occasions when a missile or rocket does malfunction, it is destroyed by a Range Safety Officer before reaching the altitudes where twilight phenomenon occur. The phenomenon's appearance and intensity varies with viewer location and weather conditions—typically, clear skies with no moonlight, since cloud cover would block one's view. The phenomenon can usually be seen throughout the state of California, and as far away as Arizona, Nevada and Utah. On the East Coast, similar sightings were observed and reported during twilight launches of the Space Shuttle from NASA's Kennedy Space Center, and observed after other expendable launch vehicles from the U.S. Space Force's launch complexes at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station in Florida. Numerous nations with a space program — such as the European Space Agency, the Russian Space Agency, the China National Space Agency, Japan's JAXA, India's ISRO and other countries have experienced the same event.countries have experienced the same event.
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rdfs:comment A twilight phenomenon is produced when exhA twilight phenomenon is produced when exhaust particles from missile or rocket propellant left in the vapor trail of a launch vehicle condense, freeze, and then expand in the less dense upper atmosphere. The exhaust plume, which is suspended against a dark sky, is then illuminated by reflective high-altitude sunlight through dispersion, which produces a spectacular, colorful effect when seen at ground level.colorful effect when seen at ground level. , 暮光现象(twilight phenomenon)是指各类航天器的发射载具在发射后,燃料燃烧后在大气中留下的凝结尾迹,在特殊光照条件下被地面观测到的现象。 在日出前或日落后30至60分钟发射放入航天器,地面处于地球的阴影中,而由于地球曲率,火箭在高空超音速飞行喷射的尾迹在阳光的照射下发生色散,此时从地面可以观测到凝结尾迹随着空气流动五颜六色不停变换的壮观现象。 , Um fenômeno crepuscular é produzido quandoUm fenômeno crepuscular é produzido quando as partículas do escapamento de mísseis ou de um propulsores de foguetes deixadas na trilha de condensação de um veículo lançador condensam, congelam e depois se expandem na atmosfera superior menos densa. A pluma do escapamento, suspensa contra um céu escuro, é então iluminada pela luz solar refletiva de alta altitude através da dispersão, que produz um efeito colorido quando vista ao nível do solo.to colorido quando vista ao nível do solo.
rdfs:label Twilight phenomenon , 暮光现象 , Fenômeno crepuscular
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