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La Tupan Patera è una struttura geologica della superficie di Io.
, Tupan Patera is an active volcano on Jupit … Tupan Patera is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's anti-Jupiter hemisphere at 18°44′S 141°08′W / 18.73°S 141.13°W. Tupan consists of a volcanic crater, known as a patera, 79 kilometers across and 900 meters deep. The volcano was first seen in low-resolution observations by the two Voyager spacecraft in 1979, but volcanic activity was not seen at this volcano until June 1996 during the Galileo spacecraft's first orbit. Following this first detection of near-infrared thermal emission and subsequent detections by Galileo during the next few orbits, this volcano was formally named Tupan Patera, after the thunder god of the Tupí-Guaraní indigenous peoples in Brazil, by the International Astronomical Union in 1997. Additional observations by Galileo's Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) between 1996 and 2001 revealed Tupan to be a persistently active volcano, visible during most NIMS observations of Io's anti-Jupiter hemisphere. Galileo acquired high-resolution color images and near-infrared spectra of Tupan Patera during an encounter on October 16, 2001. This data revealed warm, dark silicate lava on the eastern and western sides of the patera floor with an "island" of bright, cool material in the middle. Reddish material was observed along the margins of the bright island as well as on the bright plains to the southeast of the volcano. This is indicative of short-chain sulfur being emitted from vents on the patera floor by recent volcanic activity. The island as well as a shelf of material at the base of the patera wall is outlined by a "strand" of dark material. This strand line may result from lava filling the patera floor, then deflating due to either degassing of the cooling lava or drainage back into the magma chamber. Alternatively, the strand line may have been created from limited volcanic activity along the edge of the patera floor. The mix of red-orange and dark material on the volcano's western side possibly resulted from sulfur melting from the central island and the patera wall and covering the dark material in this area. This theory is supported by the cooler temperatures seen on the western side of Tupan, cool enough perhaps to support the melting and solidification of sulfur, compared to the much darker eastern side. The morphology of Tupan Patera may also be consistent with a sill that is still exhuming itself. After the last Galileo flyby of Io in January 2002, Tupan remained active with observations of a thermal emission from the volcano by ground-based observers using the Keck Telescope and by the New Horizons spacecraft. A large eruption at Tupan was observed by astronomers using the 10-meter adaptive optics at the Keck Observatory on March 8, 2003. Other than this major eruption, activity at Tupan through the Galileo mission and afterward has been persistent, with variations in power output from the patera floor being episodic, similar to, but at lower energy levels, Loki Patera., but at lower energy levels, Loki Patera.
, Патера Тупана (лат. Tupan Patera) — действ … Патера Тупана (лат. Tupan Patera) — действующий вулкан на спутнике Юпитера Ио. Диаметр кратера — 79 км, глубина — 900 метров. Центр расположен по координатам 18°41′ ю. ш. 218°51′ в. д. / 18,68° ю. ш. 218,85° в. д., на юго-западе . Получил имя Тупана — бога грома индейцев тупи-гуарани. Это название было утверждено Международным астрономическим союзом в 1997 году. Продукт извержений — вулканическая лава со значительной примесью диоксида серы. Впервые сфотографирован аппаратами серии «Вояджер» в 1979 году.ан аппаратами серии «Вояджер» в 1979 году.
, Tupan Patera ist ein Vulkan auf dem Jupite … Tupan Patera ist ein Vulkan auf dem Jupitermond Io mit einem Durchmesser von 79,13 km. Er wurde 1997 nach dem brasilianischen Donnergott der Tupi und Guaraní benannt. Seine Klippen sind rund 900 m hoch. Teile des Kraters liegen höher als der ursprüngliche Kraterboden und enthalten daher keine dunklen Überreste der Lava. Wahrscheinlich führten frühere Ausbrüche des Tupan Patera dazu, dass die Oberfläche des Nachbarmondes Amalthea rot gefärbt ist.es Nachbarmondes Amalthea rot gefärbt ist.
, 图潘火山口（Tupan Patera）是木星的天然卫星埃欧上一座活火山，位于木卫一背 … 图潘火山口（Tupan Patera）是木星的天然卫星埃欧上一座活火山，位于木卫一背木半球的南纬 18.73°、西经 141.13°处18°44′S 141°08′W / 18.73°S 141.13°W。图潘由一座被称为“火山口”的火山坑构成，直径79公里，深度900米。1979年二艘“旅行者探测器”首次拍摄到了该火山的低分辨率照片，但直到1996年6月伽利略号探测器”完成首圈绕飞前，都没有发现该火山的活动。当伽利略探测器第一次侦测到近红外热辐射后，在随后几圈的轨道飞行中对它进行了探测。该火山被国际天文联合会以巴西原住民图皮-瓜拉尼人神话中的雷神正式命名为图潘火山口。 1996年至2001年期间，伽利略探测器近红外测绘光谱仪（NIMS）的观测显示，图潘火山口是一座持续活跃的火山，在近红外测绘光谱仪对木卫一背木半球观测的大部分期间中都可看到。 2001年10月16日伽利略探测器在与木卫一首次交会中获得了图潘火山口高分辨率彩色照片和近红外光谱，这些数据显示了该火山口东西两侧坑底分布有黝黑、高温的硅酸盐岩浆和中间一座由发亮、冷却的物质构成的“岛屿”。沿明亮的岛屿边缘及火山东南部平原上都观察到了淡红色物质，这些硫磺斑迹显示是在最近的火山活动中从火山口坑底喷口所排放出的。沿该岛屿及火山口壁底分布有一道黑色的台垄，这可能是岩浆注满火山口坑底后，随冷却泄气或回流岩浆房导致岩浆面下瘪而形成的，或者该滨岸垄可能形成于仅坑底边沿的火山活动。火山西侧橘红和黑色混合物可能来自中央岛和坑壁的熔化硫以及覆盖在该区域的黑色物质，这一看法与图潘火山口西侧温度更低相映证，相较于更黑的东侧区，温度越低越有利于硫磺的融化和凝固。图潘火山口的形态可能也与仍在不断掘出自身的的台垄相一致。2002年1月“伽利略探测器”最后一次飞越木卫一后，图潘火山口依然活跃，地球观测者通过凯克天文台望远镜以及“新视野号探测器”观察到该火山的热辐射。2003年3月8日，天文学家利用凯克天文台10米自适应光学望远镜观测到了图潘火山口的一次大喷发。除了这次大喷发，在伽利略探测任务期间及之后，图潘火山口火山活动一直保持活跃，坑底间歇性地产生规模大小不等的喷发，类似洛基火山口，只是规模更小。活动一直保持活跃，坑底间歇性地产生规模大小不等的喷发，类似洛基火山口，只是规模更小。
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Tupan Patera is an active volcano on Jupit … Tupan Patera is an active volcano on Jupiter's moon Io. It is located on Io's anti-Jupiter hemisphere at 18°44′S 141°08′W / 18.73°S 141.13°W. Tupan consists of a volcanic crater, known as a patera, 79 kilometers across and 900 meters deep. The volcano was first seen in low-resolution observations by the two Voyager spacecraft in 1979, but volcanic activity was not seen at this volcano until June 1996 during the Galileo spacecraft's first orbit. Following this first detection of near-infrared thermal emission and subsequent detections by Galileo during the next few orbits, this volcano was formally named Tupan Patera, after the thunder god of the Tupí-Guaraní indigenous peoples in Brazil, by the International Astronomical Union in 1997. International Astronomical Union in 1997.
, Патера Тупана (лат. Tupan Patera) — действ … Патера Тупана (лат. Tupan Patera) — действующий вулкан на спутнике Юпитера Ио. Диаметр кратера — 79 км, глубина — 900 метров. Центр расположен по координатам 18°41′ ю. ш. 218°51′ в. д. / 18,68° ю. ш. 218,85° в. д., на юго-западе . Получил имя Тупана — бога грома индейцев тупи-гуарани. Это название было утверждено Международным астрономическим союзом в 1997 году. Продукт извержений — вулканическая лава со значительной примесью диоксида серы. Впервые сфотографирован аппаратами серии «Вояджер» в 1979 году.ан аппаратами серии «Вояджер» в 1979 году.
, Tupan Patera ist ein Vulkan auf dem Jupite … Tupan Patera ist ein Vulkan auf dem Jupitermond Io mit einem Durchmesser von 79,13 km. Er wurde 1997 nach dem brasilianischen Donnergott der Tupi und Guaraní benannt. Seine Klippen sind rund 900 m hoch. Teile des Kraters liegen höher als der ursprüngliche Kraterboden und enthalten daher keine dunklen Überreste der Lava. Wahrscheinlich führten frühere Ausbrüche des Tupan Patera dazu, dass die Oberfläche des Nachbarmondes Amalthea rot gefärbt ist.es Nachbarmondes Amalthea rot gefärbt ist.
, La Tupan Patera è una struttura geologica della superficie di Io.
, 图潘火山口（Tupan Patera）是木星的天然卫星埃欧上一座活火山，位于木卫一背 … 图潘火山口（Tupan Patera）是木星的天然卫星埃欧上一座活火山，位于木卫一背木半球的南纬 18.73°、西经 141.13°处18°44′S 141°08′W / 18.73°S 141.13°W。图潘由一座被称为“火山口”的火山坑构成，直径79公里，深度900米。1979年二艘“旅行者探测器”首次拍摄到了该火山的低分辨率照片，但直到1996年6月伽利略号探测器”完成首圈绕飞前，都没有发现该火山的活动。当伽利略探测器第一次侦测到近红外热辐射后，在随后几圈的轨道飞行中对它进行了探测。该火山被国际天文联合会以巴西原住民图皮-瓜拉尼人神话中的雷神正式命名为图潘火山口。 1996年至2001年期间，伽利略探测器近红外测绘光谱仪（NIMS）的观测显示，图潘火山口是一座持续活跃的火山，在近红外测绘光谱仪对木卫一背木半球观测的大部分期间中都可看到。是一座持续活跃的火山，在近红外测绘光谱仪对木卫一背木半球观测的大部分期间中都可看到。
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Патера Тупана
, 图潘火山口
, Tupan Patera
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