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L'Olocausto in Grecia fu il fenomeno di ge … L'Olocausto in Grecia fu il fenomeno di genocidio vissuto dagli ebrei greci, principalmente a causa della loro deportazione nel campo di concentramento di Auschwitz, durante la seconda guerra mondiale. Nel 1945, morirono tra l'83 e l'87% degli ebrei greci, la percentuale più alta raggiunta in Europa. Prima della guerra, in Grecia vivevano da 72000 a 77000 ebrei distribuiti in 27 comunità. La maggioranza viveva a Salonicco, circa 50000 persone, una città prima ottomana e poi annessa alla Grecia nel 1912. La maggior parte degli ebrei greci erano sefarditi di lingua giudeo-spagnola, cioè ebrei originari della penisola iberica, con alcuni romanioti di lingua greca, l'antica comunità ebraica originaria della Grecia. Nell'aprile 1941, Germania, Italia e Bulgaria invasero e occuparono la Grecia: durante il primo anno di occupazione, le autorità non adottarono alcuna misura sistematica nei confronti degli ebrei. Nel marzo 1943, poco più di 4000 ebrei furono deportati dalla zona di occupazione bulgara al campo di sterminio di Treblinka. Dal 15 marzo all'agosto, quasi tutti gli ebrei di Salonicco, insieme a quelli delle comunità limitrofe nella zona di occupazione tedesca, furono deportati nel campo di concentramento di Auschwitz. Nel settembre 1943, la Germania occupò la precedente zona di occupazione italiana, i cui governanti si opposero alla deportazione degli ebrei. Nel marzo 1944 Atene, Giannina e altri luoghi dell'ex zona italiana furono testimoni del rastrellamento e della deportazione delle comunità ebraiche presenti. A metà del 1944 furono presi di mira gli ebrei che vivevano nelle isole greche. Circa 10000 ebrei sopravvissero all'Olocausto nascondendosi, combattendo con la resistenza greca, o riuscendo a sfuggire alla deportazione. Dopo la guerra, gli ebrei sopravvissuti incontrarono diversi ostacoli per riavere indietro le loro proprietà da coloro che le acquisirono durante la guerra. Circa la metà dei sopravvissuti emigrò in Israele e in altri paesi nel primo decennio del dopoguerra. L'Olocausto fu a lungo oscurato dagli altri eventi dell'occupazione in tempo di guerra, ma acquisì grande importanza nel XXI secolo. acquisì grande importanza nel XXI secolo.
, The Holocaust in Greece was the mass murde … The Holocaust in Greece was the mass murder of Greek Jews, mostly as a result of their deportation to Auschwitz concentration camp, during World War II. By 1945, between 83 and 87 percent of Greek Jews had been murdered, one of the highest proportions in Europe. Prior to the war, some 72,000 to 77,000 Jews lived in 27 communities in Greece. The majority, around 50,000, lived in Salonica (Thessaloniki), a formerly Ottoman city captured and annexed to Greece in 1912. Most Greek Jews were Judeo-Spanish-speaking Sephardim (Jews originating on the Iberian peninsula) with some being Greek-speaking Romaniotes (an ancient Jewish community native to Greece). Germany, Italy, and Bulgaria invaded and occupied Greece in April 1941. During the first year of the occupation, the authorities did not enact any systematic measures that targeted Jews per se. In March 1943, just over 4,000 Jews were deported from the Bulgarian occupation zone to Treblinka extermination camp. From 15 March through August, almost all of Salonica's Jews, along with those of neighboring communities in the German occupation zone, were deported to Auschwitz concentration camp. After the Italian armistice in September 1943, Germany took over the Italian occupation zone, whose rulers had until then opposed the deportation of Jews. In March 1944, Athens, Ioannina, and other places in the former Italian occupation zone witnessed the roundup and deportation of their Jewish communities. In mid-1944, Jews living in the Greek islands were targeted. Around 10,000 Jews survived the Holocaust either by going into hiding, fighting with the Greek resistance, or surviving their deportation. Following World War II, surviving Jews faced obstacles regaining their property from non-Jews who had taken it over during the war. About half emigrated to Israel and other countries in the first decade after the war. The Holocaust was long overshadowed by other events during the wartime occupation, but gained additional prominence in the twenty-first century.al prominence in the twenty-first century.
, Холокост в Греции — преследование и уничтожение евреев Греции немецкими нацистами, их союзниками и коллаборационистами во время оккупации Греции в период Второй мировой войны в рамках «окончательного решения еврейского вопроса».
, 第二次世界大战期间，绝大多数逐入奥斯威辛集中营后丧生，死亡比例高达八成三至八成七，居 … 第二次世界大战期间，绝大多数逐入奥斯威辛集中营后丧生，死亡比例高达八成三至八成七，居欧洲各国首位。 战争爆发前，希腊27个社区共有7.2到7.7万犹太人生活，其中1912年希腊占领并割据的前奥斯曼帝国城市塞萨洛尼基就有五万。希腊犹太人多为源自伊比利亚半岛、操犹太西班牙语的塞法迪犹太人，也有说希腊语的羅馬尼奧猶太人，是世代在希腊传承的古犹太人。德国、意大利、保加利亚入侵并在1941年4月占领希腊，此后一年没有颁布直接针对犹太人的体制化措施。 1943年3月，保加利亚占领区将四千多名犹太人逐往特雷布林卡灭绝营。3月15日至8月，塞萨洛尼基和周边德国占领社区几乎所有犹太人均逐至奥斯威辛集中营。意大利占领区统治者一直反对驱逐犹太人，同年九月该国停战，占领区由德国接管。1944年3月，雅典、约阿尼纳等原意大利占领区的犹太人同样遭遇围捕和驱逐，同年中期各岛生活的犹太人沦为目标。希腊犹太人有些东躲西藏，有些与希臘抵抗運動并肩战斗，还有少数遭驱逐后存活，幸存者总数约万人。 犹太人财物落入其他民族之手，二战结束后幸存者追溯财产之路障碍重重。战后十年约半数幸存希腊犹太人移民以色列等国。轴心国占领希腊时期的种种事态长期为犹太人大屠杀蒙上阴影，进入21世纪后学界关注度提升。心国占领希腊时期的种种事态长期为犹太人大屠杀蒙上阴影，进入21世纪后学界关注度提升。
, Im Holocaust in Griechenland wurde im Zwei … Im Holocaust in Griechenland wurde im Zweiten Weltkrieg von den Besatzungsmächten Deutschland und Bulgarien zwischen 1943 und 1944 nach Ghettoisierung, Zwangsarbeit und Enteignung die jüdische Bevölkerung Griechenlands beinahe vollständig in deutsche Konzentrationslager deportiert und dort vernichtet. Zumindest 58.885 Juden, davon mehr als 46.000 aus Thessaloniki, wurden überwiegend in den Gaskammern der Vernichtungslager Auschwitz und Treblinka ermordet.ngslager Auschwitz und Treblinka ermordet.
, شمل الهولوكوست في اليونان ترحيل وقتل اليهو … شمل الهولوكوست في اليونان ترحيل وقتل اليهود اليونانيين، وارتبط ذلك غالبًا بترحيلهم إلى معسكر اعتقال أوشفيتز خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية. بحلول عام 1945 مات ما بين %83 و87% من اليهود اليونانيين بحلول عام 1945، وتعتبر أعلى نسبة لموت اليهود في أوروبا. عاش ما بين 72000 و77000 يهودي في 27 مدينة في اليونان قبل الحرب العالمية الثانية، أغلبهم (50 ألف تقريبًا) كانوا يعيشون في سالونيك، وهي مدينة عثمانية سابقة، استولت عليها اليونان وضمتها إليها في عام 1912. كان معظم اليهود اليونانيين من السفارديم الناطقين باللادينو وبعضهم يتحدثون اليونانية. احتلت ألمانيا وإيطاليا وبلغاريا اليونان في أعقاب معركة اليونان في أبريل 1941، وخلال السنة الأولى للاحتلال لم تتخذ السلطات أي إجراءات ممنهجة تستهدف اليهود بشكل مباشر، ولكن في مارس 1943 رُحِّل ما يزيد عن 4000 يهودي من منطقة الاحتلال البلغاري إلى معسكر الإبادة في تريبلينكا، وفي الفترة الممتدة من 15 مارس إلى أغسطس رُحِّل جميع السكان اليهود من مدينة سالونيك، بالإضافة لليهود في المدن المجاورة، إلى معتقل أوشفيتز. احتلت ألمانيا منطقة الاحتلال الإيطالي في سبتمبر 1943، التي كان حكامها يعارضون ترحيل اليهود، وفي مارس 1944 شهدت أثينا ويوانينا وأماكن أخرى في منطقة الاحتلال الإيطالي السابق اعتقال وترحيل المجتمعات اليهودية بأكملها، وفي منتصف عام 1944 استهدف اليهود الذين يعيشون في الجزر اليونانية. نجا حوالي 10000 يهودي فقط من الهولوكوست في اليونان إما بالاختباء أو القتال مع المقاومة اليونانية أو الهروب. واجه اليهود الباقون على قيد الحياة بعد نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية عقبات كبيرة في استعادة ممتلكاتهم من غير اليهود الذين استولوا عليها خلال الحرب، وهاجر نصفهم من اليونان في العقد الأول بعد الحرب.نصفهم من اليونان في العقد الأول بعد الحرب.
, La Shoah en Grèce est la persécution, la d … La Shoah en Grèce est la persécution, la déportation et l'assassinat des Juifs grecs, principalement par leur envoi au camp d'Auschwitz, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. En 1945, entre 83 % et 87 % des Juifs de Grèce avaient disparu, soit l'un des taux les plus élevés en Europe. Avant-guerre, la Grèce compte environ 72 000 à 77 000 Juifs répartis dans 27 communautés. La majorité d'entre eux, près de 50 000, vit à Salonique (Thessaloniki), ville auparavant ottomane, conquise et annexée par la Grèce en 1913. La plupart des Juifs grecs étaient des séfarades parlant le ladino, ainsi que des Romaniotes hellénophones. Après la bataille de Grèce en avril 1941, le pays est occupé par l'Allemagne, l'Italie et la Bulgarie. Pendant la première année d'occupation, les autorités n'appliquent pas de campagnes systématiques visant les Juifs en particulier. En mars 1943, un peu plus de 4 000 Juifs sont déportés depuis la zone d'occupation bulgare vers le centre d'extermination de Treblinka. Du 15 mars jusqu'en août, pratiquement tous les Juifs de Salonique, ainsi que ceux des communautés voisines, sont déportés vers Auschwitz. En septembre 1943, l'Allemagne prend le contrôle de la zone d'occupation italienne, dont les dirigeants s'opposaient à la déportation des Juifs. En mars 1944, Athènes, Ioannina et d'autres localités de l'ancienne zone d'occupation italienne voient la rafle et la déportation frapper leurs communautés juives. À la mi-1944, les Juifs implantés dans les îles grecques sont ciblés à leur tour. Environ 10 000 Juifs ont survécu à la Shoah, soit en se cachant, soit en rejoignant la résistance grecque, soit en survivant aux déportations. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les Juifs survivants rencontrent des difficultés pour recouvrer leurs biens auprès des non-Juifs qui s'en sont emparés. Près de la moitié des survivants migre en Israël ou vers d'autres pays dans la première décennie d'après-guerre. Pendant longtemps, la Shoah reste occultée par rapport à d'autres évènements sous l'occupation, mais le sujet gagne en visibilité au XXIe siècle. sujet gagne en visibilité au XXIe siècle.
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L'Olocausto in Grecia fu il fenomeno di ge … L'Olocausto in Grecia fu il fenomeno di genocidio vissuto dagli ebrei greci, principalmente a causa della loro deportazione nel campo di concentramento di Auschwitz, durante la seconda guerra mondiale. Nel 1945, morirono tra l'83 e l'87% degli ebrei greci, la percentuale più alta raggiunta in Europa. percentuale più alta raggiunta in Europa.
, The Holocaust in Greece was the mass murde … The Holocaust in Greece was the mass murder of Greek Jews, mostly as a result of their deportation to Auschwitz concentration camp, during World War II. By 1945, between 83 and 87 percent of Greek Jews had been murdered, one of the highest proportions in Europe. one of the highest proportions in Europe.
, Im Holocaust in Griechenland wurde im Zwei … Im Holocaust in Griechenland wurde im Zweiten Weltkrieg von den Besatzungsmächten Deutschland und Bulgarien zwischen 1943 und 1944 nach Ghettoisierung, Zwangsarbeit und Enteignung die jüdische Bevölkerung Griechenlands beinahe vollständig in deutsche Konzentrationslager deportiert und dort vernichtet. Zumindest 58.885 Juden, davon mehr als 46.000 aus Thessaloniki, wurden überwiegend in den Gaskammern der Vernichtungslager Auschwitz und Treblinka ermordet.ngslager Auschwitz und Treblinka ermordet.
, شمل الهولوكوست في اليونان ترحيل وقتل اليهو … شمل الهولوكوست في اليونان ترحيل وقتل اليهود اليونانيين، وارتبط ذلك غالبًا بترحيلهم إلى معسكر اعتقال أوشفيتز خلال الحرب العالمية الثانية. بحلول عام 1945 مات ما بين %83 و87% من اليهود اليونانيين بحلول عام 1945، وتعتبر أعلى نسبة لموت اليهود في أوروبا. واجه اليهود الباقون على قيد الحياة بعد نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية عقبات كبيرة في استعادة ممتلكاتهم من غير اليهود الذين استولوا عليها خلال الحرب، وهاجر نصفهم من اليونان في العقد الأول بعد الحرب.نصفهم من اليونان في العقد الأول بعد الحرب.
, Холокост в Греции — преследование и уничтожение евреев Греции немецкими нацистами, их союзниками и коллаборационистами во время оккупации Греции в период Второй мировой войны в рамках «окончательного решения еврейского вопроса».
, 第二次世界大战期间，绝大多数逐入奥斯威辛集中营后丧生，死亡比例高达八成三至八成七，居 … 第二次世界大战期间，绝大多数逐入奥斯威辛集中营后丧生，死亡比例高达八成三至八成七，居欧洲各国首位。 战争爆发前，希腊27个社区共有7.2到7.7万犹太人生活，其中1912年希腊占领并割据的前奥斯曼帝国城市塞萨洛尼基就有五万。希腊犹太人多为源自伊比利亚半岛、操犹太西班牙语的塞法迪犹太人，也有说希腊语的羅馬尼奧猶太人，是世代在希腊传承的古犹太人。德国、意大利、保加利亚入侵并在1941年4月占领希腊，此后一年没有颁布直接针对犹太人的体制化措施。 1943年3月，保加利亚占领区将四千多名犹太人逐往特雷布林卡灭绝营。3月15日至8月，塞萨洛尼基和周边德国占领社区几乎所有犹太人均逐至奥斯威辛集中营。意大利占领区统治者一直反对驱逐犹太人，同年九月该国停战，占领区由德国接管。1944年3月，雅典、约阿尼纳等原意大利占领区的犹太人同样遭遇围捕和驱逐，同年中期各岛生活的犹太人沦为目标。希腊犹太人有些东躲西藏，有些与希臘抵抗運動并肩战斗，还有少数遭驱逐后存活，幸存者总数约万人。 犹太人财物落入其他民族之手，二战结束后幸存者追溯财产之路障碍重重。战后十年约半数幸存希腊犹太人移民以色列等国。轴心国占领希腊时期的种种事态长期为犹太人大屠杀蒙上阴影，进入21世纪后学界关注度提升。心国占领希腊时期的种种事态长期为犹太人大屠杀蒙上阴影，进入21世纪后学界关注度提升。
, La Shoah en Grèce est la persécution, la d … La Shoah en Grèce est la persécution, la déportation et l'assassinat des Juifs grecs, principalement par leur envoi au camp d'Auschwitz, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. En 1945, entre 83 % et 87 % des Juifs de Grèce avaient disparu, soit l'un des taux les plus élevés en Europe.t l'un des taux les plus élevés en Europe.
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, Holocaust in Griechenland
, 希腊犹太人大屠杀
, Холокост в Греции
, Olocausto in Grecia
, The Holocaust in Greece
, Shoah en Grèce
, Holocaust in Griekenland
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