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La Shoah en Bohême-Moravie recouvre les pe … La Shoah en Bohême-Moravie recouvre les persécutions, les déportations et l'extermination subies par les Juifs dans le protectorat de Bohême-Moravie, alors entité satellite occupée par le Troisième Reich, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La Shoah en Bohême-Moravie a provoqué la déportation, l'expropriation et la mort de 80 000 Juifs. Avant la Shoah, les Juifs de Bohême forment la communauté juive la mieux intégrée d'Europe et l'antisémitisme y est moins répandu qu'ailleurs. Les premières réglementations antisémites sont instaurées sous la Deuxième République tchécoslovaque, à la suite des accords de Munich et de l'occupation de la région des Sudètes. Après l'invasion allemande et l'occupation du reste des Pays tchèques, une série de nouvelles mesures antisémites est lancée et soutenue tant par les autorités nazies que par l'administration du gouvernement fantoche tchèque. Les Juifs sont privés de leurs emplois et de leurs biens, astreints aux travaux forcés et ils subissent diverses lois discriminatoires. La population juive compte 118 310 membres avant l'invasion ; environ 30 000 réussissent à émigrer avant que cette démarche ne devienne impossible en octobre 1941. La première déportation de Juifs du protectorat remonte à octobre 1939 dans le cadre du plan Nisko. En octobre 1941 commencent les déportations de masse contre les Juifs du protectorat : ils sont d'abord convoyés vers le ghetto de Łódź, dans le Warthegau. À partir de novembre, les convois partent vers le ghetto de Theresienstadt (implanté dans le protectorat) qui, pour la majorité des victimes, n'est qu'un camp de transit avant leur déportation vers d'autres ghettos, des centres d'extermination et d'autres infrastructures d'assassinat plus à l'Est. À la fin de 1944, il ne reste plus que 6 795 Juifs dans le protectorat (hors Theresienstadt), dont la plupart sont engagés dans des mariages « mixtes ». Après-guerre, de nombreux Juifs subissent des harcèlements et des discriminations en Tchécoslovaquie si l'allemand est leur langue maternelle. Au XXIe siècle, la mémoire de la Shoah se matérialise par des mémoriaux et des ouvrages, comme les livres écrits par les survivants Jiří Weil et Arnošt Lustig.les survivants Jiří Weil et Arnošt Lustig.
, The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia, a po … The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia, a portion of the Czech lands annexed into Germany, resulted in the deportation, dispossession, and murder of 80,000 Jews, most of the pre-World War II population, between 1939 and 1945. Before the Holocaust, the Jews of Bohemia were the most assimilated and integrated Jewish community in Europe; antisemitism was lower than elsewhere. The first anti-Jewish laws were imposed by Czechoslovakia following the 1938 Munich Agreement and the German occupation of the Sudetenland. Following the German invasion and occupation of the rest of the Czech lands in 1939, the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia was established. Additional anti-Jewish measures followed, imposed mainly by the Protectorate administration (which included both German and Czech officials). Jews were stripped of their employment and property, required to perform forced labor, and subject to various discriminatory regulations including, in September 1941, the requirement to wear a yellow star. Many were evicted from their homes and concentrated into substandard housing. Some 30,000 Jews, from the pre-invasion population of 118,310, managed to emigrate. The first deportation of Jews took place in October 1939 as part of the Nisko Plan. In October 1941, mass deportations of Protectorate Jews began, initially to Łódź Ghetto. From November, the transports departed for Theresienstadt Ghetto in the Protectorate, a transit ghetto which was, for most, a temporary stopping-point before deportation to ghettos, extermination camps, and other killing sites farther east. By mid-1943, most of the Jews remaining in the Protectorate were in mixed marriages and therefore exempt from deportation. In total, about 80,000 Jews from Bohemia and Moravia were murdered in the Holocaust. After the war, surviving Jews—especially those who had identified as Germans before the war—faced obstacles in regaining their property and pressure to assimilate into the Czech majority. Some were deported as part of the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia. Most Jews emigrated either before or after the 1948 Communist coup. The memory of the Holocaust was suppressed in Communist Czechoslovakia, but became more prominent after the fall of communism in 1989.inent after the fall of communism in 1989.
, Židé v Protektorátu Čechy a Morava byli hn … Židé v Protektorátu Čechy a Morava byli hned od počátku nacistické okupace postupně systematicky vyřazováni z hospodářského i společenského života. Veškeré židovské záležitosti měla na starosti Ústředna pro židovské vystěhovalectví, která se zprvu snažila Židy donutit, aby emigrovali do zahraničí, pak však změnila strategii a začala připravovat realizaci tzv. „konečného řešení židovské otázky“. Ústředna donutila pražskou židovskou náboženskou obec poslušně vykonávat nacistická nařízení a podílet se na deportacích Židů mj. do koncentračního tábora Terezín, které začaly na podzim 1941 a na počátku roku 1943 bylo na svobodě už jen na 3 tisíce protektorátních Židů. Z Terezína byli Židé deportováni na Němci okupovaná území Sovětského svazu či Polska. Terezín měl mezi ostatními koncentračními tábory zvláštní postavení, neboť krom své funkce při vyhlazování Židů sehrál roli také při nacistické propagandě, když nacisté upravenými ulicemi Terezína provedli v letech 1943–1945 několik delegací Červeného kříže. Při vzniku Protektorátu Čechy a Morava žilo na tomto území přes 120 tisíc Židů. Asi 30 tisícům Židům se podařilo emigrovat, drtivá většina ostatních byla deportována. Počet českých židovských obětí holocaustu není přesně znám, zavražděno však bylo minimálně 80 tisíc Židů.ražděno však bylo minimálně 80 tisíc Židů.
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Židé v Protektorátu Čechy a Morava byli hn … Židé v Protektorátu Čechy a Morava byli hned od počátku nacistické okupace postupně systematicky vyřazováni z hospodářského i společenského života. Veškeré židovské záležitosti měla na starosti Ústředna pro židovské vystěhovalectví, která se zprvu snažila Židy donutit, aby emigrovali do zahraničí, pak však změnila strategii a začala připravovat realizaci tzv. „konečného řešení židovské otázky“. Ústředna donutila pražskou židovskou náboženskou obec poslušně vykonávat nacistická nařízení a podílet se na deportacích Židů mj. do koncentračního tábora Terezín, které začaly na podzim 1941 a na počátku roku 1943 bylo na svobodě už jen na 3 tisíce protektorátních Židů.ě už jen na 3 tisíce protektorátních Židů.
, La Shoah en Bohême-Moravie recouvre les pe … La Shoah en Bohême-Moravie recouvre les persécutions, les déportations et l'extermination subies par les Juifs dans le protectorat de Bohême-Moravie, alors entité satellite occupée par le Troisième Reich, pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. La Shoah en Bohême-Moravie a provoqué la déportation, l'expropriation et la mort de 80 000 Juifs.'expropriation et la mort de 80 000 Juifs.
, The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia, a portion of the Czech lands annexed into Germany, resulted in the deportation, dispossession, and murder of 80,000 Jews, most of the pre-World War II population, between 1939 and 1945.
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Židé v Protektorátu Čechy a Morava
, Shoah en Bohême-Moravie
, The Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia
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, http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Czech_lands +
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