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Science and technology in Brazil has enter … Science and technology in Brazil has entered the international arena in recent decades. The central agency for science and technology in Brazil is the Ministry of Science and Technology, which includes the CNPq and Finep. This ministry also has a direct supervision over the National Institute for Space Research (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais — INPE), the National Institute of Amazonian Research (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia — INPA), and the (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia — INT). The ministry is also responsible for the Secretariat for Computer and Automation Policy (Portuguese: Secretaria de Política de Informática e Automação — SPIA), which is the successor of the SEI. The Ministry of Science and Technology, which the Sarney government created in March 1985, was headed initially by a person associated with the nationalist ideologies of the past. Although the new minister was able to raise the budget for the science and technology sector, he remained isolated within the government and had no influence on policy making for the economy. With the new ministry, the science and technology agencies increased in size but lost some of their former independence and flexibility, and they became more susceptible to patronage politics. Most of the resources of the CNPq were channeled to fellowship programs procedures for quality control and no mechanisms to make the fellows active in the country's science and technology institutions. New groups competed for resources and control of the country's agencies of science, technology, and higher education. These groups included political parties, unionized university professors and employees, scientific societies, and special interest groups within the scientific and technological community. The SBPC (Brazilian Society for Scientific Development) shed its image as a semi-autonomous association of scientists to become an active lobbyist for more public resources and the protection of national technology from international competition. Brazil was ranked 57th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, up from 66th in 2019.ation Index in 2021, up from 66th in 2019.
, La ciencia y tecnología de Brasil han cons … La ciencia y tecnología de Brasil han conseguido en las últimas décadas una posición significativa en la escena internacional. La agencia encargada de la ciencia y la tecnología en Brasil es el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, que incluye a CNPq y Finep. Este ministerio también tiene supervisión directa sobre el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales (en portugués, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciales INPE), el Instituto Nacional de Investigación Amazónica (en portugués, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas de la Amazonía - INPA), y el Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT). El ministerio también es responsable de la Secretaria de Política de Informática y Autonomía (SPIA), que es el sucesor del SEI.tonomía (SPIA), que es el sucesor del SEI.
, Наука в Бразилии достигла значительных усп … Наука в Бразилии достигла значительных успехов на международной арене за последние десятилетия. Наукой и техникой в Бразилии заведует Министерство науки и техники, которое включает в себя (Национальный исследовательский совет) и (Национальное агентство по финансированию образования и исследований). Это министерство также осуществляет прямой контроль над Национальным институтом космических исследований (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE), Национальным институтом амазонских исследований (Instituto Nacional де Pesquisas да Амазонии - INPA) и Национальным институтом технологии (Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia - INT). Министерство также контролирует Отдел по управлению в сфере компьютеров и автоматических устройств - Secretaria de Política de Informática e Automação. Министерство создано в марте 1985 года. Большинство ресурсов поначалу направлялось на стипендии, которые не имели четких процедур контроля качества и механизмов стимулирования стипендиатов к исследованиям. И сформировались новые группы из политических партий, профсоюзов преподавателей вузов и работников научных обществ, которые конкурировали за ресурсы и контроль над государственными агентствами, ведающими наукой и техникой. агентствами, ведающими наукой и техникой.
, Ciência e tecnologia no Brasil são produzi … Ciência e tecnologia no Brasil são produzidas em grande parte nas universidades públicas e institutos de pesquisa. Neste campo de conhecimento o Brasil obteve, nas últimas décadas, uma posição significativa no cenário internacional. Segundo o Relatório Global de Tecnologia da Informação 2010–2011 do Fórum Econômico Mundial, o Brasil é o 56.º maior desenvolvedor mundial de TI. O Brasil possui o mais avançado programa de exploração espacial da América Latina, com recursos significativos para veículos de lançamento como a família de foguetes sub orbitais VS e fabricação de satélites. Na história do programa espacial brasileiro, a Agência Espacial Brasileira (AEB) assinou um acordo com a Administração Nacional de Aeronáutica e Espaço (NASA), do Estados Unidos, em 14 de outubro de 1997, para fornecer peças para a Estação Espacial Internacional. Este acordo possibilitou ao Brasil treinar seu primeiro astronauta. Em 30 de março de 2006, o coronel Marcos Pontes a bordo do veículo Soyuz se transformou no primeiro astronauta brasileiro e o terceiro latino-americano a orbitar a Terra. Já sobre o programa nuclear brasileiro, o urânio enriquecido na Fábrica de Combustível Nuclear (FCN), de Resende, no estado do Rio de Janeiro, atende à demanda energética do país. Existem planos para a construção do primeiro submarino nuclear do país. O país realiza pesquisas sobre fusão nuclear e possui três tokamaks (reatores experimentais de fusão) instalados na Unicamp, USP e INPE. O ETE (Experimento Tokamak Esférico), foi projetado e construído por esta última instituição, que também o opera. O Brasil também é um dos três países da América Latina com um laboratório do tipo síncrotron em operação, um mecanismo de pesquisa da física, da química, das ciências dos materiais e da biologia. O Brasil também tem um grande número de notáveis personalidades científicas. Entre os inventores brasileiros mais reconhecidos estão os padres Bartolomeu de Gusmão, Roberto Landell de Moura e Francisco João de Azevedo, além de Alberto Santos Dumont, Evaristo Conrado Engelberg, Manuel Dias de Abreu, Andreas Pavel e Nélio José Nicolai. A ciência brasileira é representada por nomes como César Lattes (físico brasileiro codescobridor do méson pi), Mário Schenberg (considerado o maior físico teórico do Brasil), José Leite Lopes (único físico brasileiro detentor do UNESCO Science Prize), Artur Ávila (o primeiro latino-americano ganhador da Medalha Fields) e Fritz Müller (pioneiro no apoio factual à teoria da evolução apresentada por Charles Darwin). evolução apresentada por Charles Darwin).
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Ciência e tecnologia no Brasil são produzi … Ciência e tecnologia no Brasil são produzidas em grande parte nas universidades públicas e institutos de pesquisa. Neste campo de conhecimento o Brasil obteve, nas últimas décadas, uma posição significativa no cenário internacional. Segundo o Relatório Global de Tecnologia da Informação 2010–2011 do Fórum Econômico Mundial, o Brasil é o 56.º maior desenvolvedor mundial de TI. o 56.º maior desenvolvedor mundial de TI.
, La ciencia y tecnología de Brasil han cons … La ciencia y tecnología de Brasil han conseguido en las últimas décadas una posición significativa en la escena internacional. La agencia encargada de la ciencia y la tecnología en Brasil es el Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología, que incluye a CNPq y Finep. Este ministerio también tiene supervisión directa sobre el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales (en portugués, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciales INPE), el Instituto Nacional de Investigación Amazónica (en portugués, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas de la Amazonía - INPA), y el Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia (INT). El ministerio también es responsable de la Secretaria de Política de Informática y Autonomía (SPIA), que es el sucesor del SEI.tonomía (SPIA), que es el sucesor del SEI.
, Наука в Бразилии достигла значительных усп … Наука в Бразилии достигла значительных успехов на международной арене за последние десятилетия. Наукой и техникой в Бразилии заведует Министерство науки и техники, которое включает в себя (Национальный исследовательский совет) и (Национальное агентство по финансированию образования и исследований). Это министерство также осуществляет прямой контроль над Национальным институтом космических исследований (Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE), Национальным институтом амазонских исследований (Instituto Nacional де Pesquisas да Амазонии - INPA) и Национальным институтом технологии (Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia - INT). Министерство также контролирует Отдел по управлению в сфере компьютеров и автоматических устройств - Secretaria de Política de Informática e Automação. Министерсtica de Informática e Automação. Министерс
, Science and technology in Brazil has enter … Science and technology in Brazil has entered the international arena in recent decades. The central agency for science and technology in Brazil is the Ministry of Science and Technology, which includes the CNPq and Finep. This ministry also has a direct supervision over the National Institute for Space Research (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais — INPE), the National Institute of Amazonian Research (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia — INPA), and the (Portuguese: Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia — INT). The ministry is also responsible for the Secretariat for Computer and Automation Policy (Portuguese: Secretaria de Política de Informática e Automação — SPIA), which is the successor of the SEI. The Ministry of Science and Technology, which the Sarn of Science and Technology, which the Sarn
|
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Science and technology in Brazil
, Наука в Бразилии
, Ciência e tecnologia no Brasil
, Ciencia y tecnología en Brasil
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, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Higher_education +
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