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미래시점 우연명제의 문제(problem of future contingent … 미래시점 우연명제의 문제(problem of future contingents, 未來時點 偶然命題의 問題)는 철학과 논리학의 오래된 난제 중 하나로, 에 대한 논리적 역설을 해명하는 것이 그 과제이다. 인간의 자유의지에 관한 문제와 밀접하게 관련되어 있다. BCE 4세기에 메가라 학파의 논리학자 (Διόδωρος Κρόνος)가 처음 제시하였고, 아리스토텔레스의 《명제론(Περὶ Ἑρμηνείας)》 9장에서도 다루어진다. 아리스토텔레스, 라이프니츠 등 여러 철학자들의 관심 주제였으며, 현대에는 , 양상 논리학, 다치 논리학 등에서 이 역설이 일어나지 않도록 공리를 선택하는 것이 가능하다.치 논리학 등에서 이 역설이 일어나지 않도록 공리를 선택하는 것이 가능하다.
, Futuribile è il futuro che potrebbe realiz … Futuribile è il futuro che potrebbe realizzarsi date certe circostanze ma che rimane in un ambito di possibilità non necessariamente compiuta. Come categoria della filosofia scolastica il futuribile si pone fra la mera possibilità e la realtà contingente. Nelle arti liberali indica il futuro immaginato nel tempo presente. Il concetto di futuribile è implicito nell'idea agostiniana di tempo come intuizione della successione di stati di coscienza legati tra loro dalle facoltà della memoria e dell'immaginazione (ripresa poi da Henri Bergson). Nella narrativa la categoria di futuribile è legata a doppio filo con l'ucronia. Nella sua accezione volgare, soprattutto come aggettivo, futuribile tende a coincidere con il futuro (tecnologia futuribile/futura, scenari futuribili/futuri, ecc.) e l'immagine del tempo futuro nel momento presente e finanche nel passato, l'immaginazione non di ciò che sarà ma di ciò che potrebbe evocare il concetto stesso di futuro nel momento della produzione artistica e nel futuro effettivo, ad esempio gli scenari futuribili nei romanzi di Jules Verne.ari futuribili nei romanzi di Jules Verne.
, Future contingent propositions (or simply, … Future contingent propositions (or simply, future contingents) are statements about states of affairs in the future that are contingent: neither necessarily true nor necessarily false. The problem of future contingents seems to have been first discussed by Aristotle in chapter 9 of his On Interpretation (De Interpretatione), using the famous sea-battle example. Roughly a generation later, Diodorus Cronus from the Megarian school of philosophy stated a version of the problem in his notorious master argument. The problem was later discussed by Leibniz. The problem can be expressed as follows. Suppose that a sea-battle will not be fought tomorrow. Then it was also true yesterday (and the week before, and last year) that it will not be fought, since any true statement about what will be the case in the future was also true in the past. But all past truths are now necessary truths; therefore it is now necessarily true in the past, prior and up to the original statement "A sea battle will not be fought tomorrow", that the battle will not be fought, and thus the statement that it will be fought is necessarily false. Therefore, it is not possible that the battle will be fought. In general, if something will not be the case, it is not possible for it to be the case. "For a man may predict an event ten thousand years beforehand, and another may predict the reverse; that which was truly predicted at the moment in the past will of necessity take place in the fullness of time" (De Int. 18b35). This conflicts with the idea of our own free choice: that we have the power to determine or control the course of events in the future, which seems impossible if what happens, or does not happen, is necessarily going to happen, or not happen. As Aristotle says, if so there would be no need "to deliberate or to take trouble, on the supposition that if we should adopt a certain course, a certain result would follow, while, if we did not, the result would not follow". we did not, the result would not follow".
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Futuribile è il futuro che potrebbe realiz … Futuribile è il futuro che potrebbe realizzarsi date certe circostanze ma che rimane in un ambito di possibilità non necessariamente compiuta. Come categoria della filosofia scolastica il futuribile si pone fra la mera possibilità e la realtà contingente. Nelle arti liberali indica il futuro immaginato nel tempo presente. Il concetto di futuribile è implicito nell'idea agostiniana di tempo come intuizione della successione di stati di coscienza legati tra loro dalle facoltà della memoria e dell'immaginazione (ripresa poi da Henri Bergson).aginazione (ripresa poi da Henri Bergson).
, 미래시점 우연명제의 문제(problem of future contingent … 미래시점 우연명제의 문제(problem of future contingents, 未來時點 偶然命題의 問題)는 철학과 논리학의 오래된 난제 중 하나로, 에 대한 논리적 역설을 해명하는 것이 그 과제이다. 인간의 자유의지에 관한 문제와 밀접하게 관련되어 있다. BCE 4세기에 메가라 학파의 논리학자 (Διόδωρος Κρόνος)가 처음 제시하였고, 아리스토텔레스의 《명제론(Περὶ Ἑρμηνείας)》 9장에서도 다루어진다. 아리스토텔레스, 라이프니츠 등 여러 철학자들의 관심 주제였으며, 현대에는 , 양상 논리학, 다치 논리학 등에서 이 역설이 일어나지 않도록 공리를 선택하는 것이 가능하다.치 논리학 등에서 이 역설이 일어나지 않도록 공리를 선택하는 것이 가능하다.
, Future contingent propositions (or simply, … Future contingent propositions (or simply, future contingents) are statements about states of affairs in the future that are contingent: neither necessarily true nor necessarily false. The problem of future contingents seems to have been first discussed by Aristotle in chapter 9 of his On Interpretation (De Interpretatione), using the famous sea-battle example. Roughly a generation later, Diodorus Cronus from the Megarian school of philosophy stated a version of the problem in his notorious master argument. The problem was later discussed by Leibniz.he problem was later discussed by Leibniz.
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미래시점 우연명제의 문제
, Futuribile
, Problem of future contingents
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