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포카란 2차 핵 실험은 1998년 라자스탄 주 포카란의 지하 핵 실험장에서 실시된 인도의 2차 핵실험이다. 인도의 마지막 핵 실험이자 최초의 수소폭탄 핵 실험이다. 작전명은 샥티 작전이다. 샥티는 산스크리트어로 "신성(神聖)한 힘"을 뜻한다.
, Pokharan-II est le nom donné à une série d … Pokharan-II est le nom donné à une série de cinq tests nucléaires menées par l'Inde à Pokharan en mai 1998. C'est le deuxième essai nucléaire indien ; le premier test, Bouddha souriant, a été menée en mai 1974. Pokharan-II fut composé de cinq explosions, la première a été une bombe à fusion et les quatre autres étaient des bombes à fission. Ces essais nucléaires ont entrainé des sanctions contre l'Inde par un certain nombre d'états, y compris le Japon et les États-Unis ainsi que des réactions de ses voisins comme le Pakistan qui enclencha deux semaines plus tard ses premiers essais nucléaires. Le 11 mai 1998, l'Opération Shakti (Pokharan-II) a été lancé avec la détonation d'une bombe à fusion et de deux bombes à fission ; le mot « Shakti » (Devanagari : शक्ति) signifiant « force » en Sanskrit. le 13 mai 1998, deux autres dispositifs à fission ont été actionnées. Le gouvernement indien dirigé par le premier ministre Atal Bihari Vajpayee peu de temps après a convoqué une conférence de presse pour déclarer l'Inde comme une véritable puissance nucléaire. Beaucoup de noms sont attribués à ces tests ; à l'origine, ils ont été appelés Opération Shakti–98 (Power–98), et les cinq bombes nucléaires ont été nommées Shakti-I à Shakti-V. L'opération est maintenant désigné sous le nom de Pokharan-II, et l'essai de 1974 comme Pokharan-I.n-II, et l'essai de 1974 comme Pokharan-I.
, شملت عملية بوكران الثانية سلسلة تجارب نووي … شملت عملية بوكران الثانية سلسلة تجارب نووية تضمنت تفجير خمس قنابل نووية في الهند في موقع بوكران للتجارب النووية في مايو عام 1998. وتُعد تلك ثاني مرة حاولت فيها الهند اختبار القنابل النووية الخاصة بها بعد عملية بوذا المبتسم التي قامت بها الهند في مايو عام 1974. حققت تلك التجارب هدفها الرئيسي، وهو تمكين الهند من صناعة القنابل الانشطارية والاندماجية بقوة تصل إلى 200 كيلوطن مكافئ من التي إن تي. وصف رئيس لجنة الطاقة الذرية الهندية حينها التفجيرات التي تمت في عملية بوكران الثانية بأنها «مكافئة للتجارب العديدة التي قامت بها دول الأسلحة النووية الأخرى على مدار العقود الماضية». وفي أعقاب ذلك أنشأت الهند برنامج محاكاة حاسوبية قادر على التنبؤ بقوة المتفجرات النووية التي تعتمد تصاميمها على تصاميم المتفجرات التي اُستخدمت في تلك العملية. شملت عملية بوكران الثانية خمس عمليات تفجير، أولها كانت قنبلة اندماجية، بينما كان الأربعة الآخرون قنابل انشطارية. بدأت التجارب التي يُرمز لها باسم «عملية شاكتي» في 11 مايو 1998 بقنبلة اندماجية واحدة وقنبلتين انشطاريتين. وفي 13 مايو 1998 فجرت الهند قنبلتين انشطاريتين أخريتين، وبعدها بفترة قصيرة عقدت الحكومة الهندية مؤتمرًا صحفيًا بقيادة رئيس الوزراء أتال بيهاري فاجبايي، وأعلنت فيه أن الهند أصبحت دولة نووية مكتملة الأركان. أدت تلك التجارب إلى فرض عقوبات متعددة ضد الهند من جانب عدة دول عظمى مثل اليابان والولايات المتحدة. لُقبت تلك الاختبارات النووية بألقاب عديدة. ففي البداية عُرفت تلك التجارب الخمسة مجتمعة باسم «عملية شاكتي 98»، وعُرفت كل تجربة من التجارب الخمسة باسم عملية شاتكي الأولى، والثانية، وهلم جرًا. أما في الوقت الراهن تُعرف تلك العملية بأكملها بعملية بوكران الثانية، بينما تُعرف التجربة الأولى التي وقعت في عام 1974 بعملية بوكران الأولى.لتي وقعت في عام 1974 بعملية بوكران الأولى.
, The Pokhran-II tests were a series of five … The Pokhran-II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code-named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974. The tests achieved their main objective of giving India the capability to build fission and thermonuclear weapons with yields up to 200 kilotons. The then-Chairman of the Indian Atomic Energy Commission described each one of the explosions of Pokhran-II to be "equivalent to several tests carried out by other nuclear weapon states over decades". Subsequently, India established computer simulation capability to predict the yields of nuclear explosives whose designs are related to the designs of explosives used in this test. Pokhran-II consisted of five detonations, the first of which was a fusion bomb while the remaining four were fission bombs. The tests were initiated on 11 May 1998, under the assigned code name Operation Shakti, with the detonation of one fusion and two fission bombs. On 13 May 1998, two additional fission devices were detonated, and the Indian government led by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee shortly convened a press conference to declare India as a full-fledged nuclear state. The tests resulted in a variety of sanctions against India by a number of major countries including Japan and the United States. Many names have been assigned to these tests; originally these were collectively called Operation Shakti–98, and the five nuclear bombs were designated Shakti-I through to Shakti-V. More recently, the operation as a whole has come to be known as Pokhran II, and the 1974 explosion as Pokhran-I.n II, and the 1974 explosion as Pokhran-I.
, 1998年に行われたインドの核実験は、インドのラージャスターン州のポカランで行われた5月11日と13日に計5回行われた。 この一連の核実験はシャクティ作戦（シャクティI〜シャクティV）とも呼ばれ、インド国防省の科学顧問及びインド政府の主席科学顧問となったアブドゥル・カラームの働きにより推進された。
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.... But regrettably, India conducted nucl … .... But regrettably, India conducted nuclear tests last May, which has run against the contemporary historical trend and seriously affected peace and stability in South Asia. Pakistan also conducted nuclear tests later on. India's nuclear tests have not only led to the escalation of tensions between India and Pakistan and provocation of nuclear arms races in South Asia, but also dealt a heavy blow to international nuclear disarmament and the global nonproliferation regime. It is only natural that India's nuclear tests have met with extensive condemnation and aroused serious concern from the international community. concern from the international community.
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The Pokhran-II tests were a series of five … The Pokhran-II tests were a series of five nuclear bomb test explosions conducted by India at the Indian Army's Pokhran Test Range in May 1998. It was the second instance of nuclear testing conducted by India; the first test, code-named Smiling Buddha, was conducted in May 1974. Many names have been assigned to these tests; originally these were collectively called Operation Shakti–98, and the five nuclear bombs were designated Shakti-I through to Shakti-V. More recently, the operation as a whole has come to be known as Pokhran II, and the 1974 explosion as Pokhran-I.n II, and the 1974 explosion as Pokhran-I.
, 1998年に行われたインドの核実験は、インドのラージャスターン州のポカランで行われた5月11日と13日に計5回行われた。 この一連の核実験はシャクティ作戦（シャクティI〜シャクティV）とも呼ばれ、インド国防省の科学顧問及びインド政府の主席科学顧問となったアブドゥル・カラームの働きにより推進された。
, Pokharan-II est le nom donné à une série d … Pokharan-II est le nom donné à une série de cinq tests nucléaires menées par l'Inde à Pokharan en mai 1998. C'est le deuxième essai nucléaire indien ; le premier test, Bouddha souriant, a été menée en mai 1974. Pokharan-II fut composé de cinq explosions, la première a été une bombe à fusion et les quatre autres étaient des bombes à fission. Ces essais nucléaires ont entrainé des sanctions contre l'Inde par un certain nombre d'états, y compris le Japon et les États-Unis ainsi que des réactions de ses voisins comme le Pakistan qui enclencha deux semaines plus tard ses premiers essais nucléaires. plus tard ses premiers essais nucléaires.
, 포카란 2차 핵 실험은 1998년 라자스탄 주 포카란의 지하 핵 실험장에서 실시된 인도의 2차 핵실험이다. 인도의 마지막 핵 실험이자 최초의 수소폭탄 핵 실험이다. 작전명은 샥티 작전이다. 샥티는 산스크리트어로 "신성(神聖)한 힘"을 뜻한다.
, شملت عملية بوكران الثانية سلسلة تجارب نووي … شملت عملية بوكران الثانية سلسلة تجارب نووية تضمنت تفجير خمس قنابل نووية في الهند في موقع بوكران للتجارب النووية في مايو عام 1998. وتُعد تلك ثاني مرة حاولت فيها الهند اختبار القنابل النووية الخاصة بها بعد عملية بوذا المبتسم التي قامت بها الهند في مايو عام 1974. لُقبت تلك الاختبارات النووية بألقاب عديدة. ففي البداية عُرفت تلك التجارب الخمسة مجتمعة باسم «عملية شاكتي 98»، وعُرفت كل تجربة من التجارب الخمسة باسم عملية شاتكي الأولى، والثانية، وهلم جرًا. أما في الوقت الراهن تُعرف تلك العملية بأكملها بعملية بوكران الثانية، بينما تُعرف التجربة الأولى التي وقعت في عام 1974 بعملية بوكران الأولى.لتي وقعت في عام 1974 بعملية بوكران الأولى.
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| rdfs:label |
インドの核実験 (1998年)
, Pokhran-II
, عملية بوكران الثانية
, 포카란 2차 핵 실험
|
