| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract
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بدأت الحملة المغولية ضد النزاريين في فترة … بدأت الحملة المغولية ضد النزاريين في فترة ألموت (الحشاشين) في عام 1253 بعد الغزو المغولي للإمبراطورية الخوارزمية لإيران من قبل الإمبراطورية المغولية وسلسلة من الصراعات النزارية المغولية. كانت الحملة بأمر من الخان العظيم مونجكي وقادها شقيقه هولاكو. كانت الحملة ضد النزاريين وفيما بعد الخلافة العباسية تهدف إلى إنشاء خانيّة جديدة في المنطقة- الإلخانية. بدأت حملة هولاكو بهجمات على معاقل في قوهستان وقميس وسط انقسامات داخلية مكثفة بين القادة النزاريين في عهد الإمام علاء الدين محمد الذي كانت سياسته تقاتل ضد المغول. بدأ خليفته ركن الدين خورشاه سلسلة طويلة من المفاوضات في مواجهة تقدم المغول العنيد. في عام 1256، استسلم الإمام أثناء محاصرته في ميمون دز وأمر أتباعه بالقيام بالمثل وفقًا لاتفاقه مع هولاكو. على الرغم من صعوبة الاستيلاء عليها، أوقفت ألموت الأعمال العدائية أيضًا وحُلَّت. وهكذا فُككت الدولة النزارية، على الرغم من استمرار مقاومة العديد من الحصون الفردية، لا سيما لامبسار وغيردكوه وتلك الموجودة في سوريا. أمر مونك خان في وقت لاحق بمذبحة عامة لجميع النزاريين، بما في ذلك خورشاه وعائلته. انتشر العديد من النزاريين الذين بقوا على قيد الحياة في جميع أنحاء غرب ووسط وجنوب آسيا. لا يُعرف الكثير عنهم بعد ذلك، لكن مجتمعاتهم تحافظ على نوع من الاستقلال في قلب بلادهم في الديلم وتعاود إمامتهم الظهور لاحقًا في أنجودان.م وتعاود إمامتهم الظهور لاحقًا في أنجودان.
, La campagna mongola contro i Nizariti isma … La campagna mongola contro i Nizariti ismailiti nel periodo di Alamut (ovvero degli Assassini) iniziò nel 1253 per opera di Hulagu seguendo gli ordini di Möngke Khan, dopo la conquista dell'Impero corasmio nell'odierno Iran da parte dell'Impero Mongolo. I conflitti iniziarono presso le roccaforti del Quhistan e del Qumis, la maggior parte delle quali furono saccheggiate, in particolare Tun e Tus, già coinvolte in lotte intestine nizari sotto l'Imam . Il suo successore avviò una lunga serie di infruttuosi negoziati intesi per raggiungere un compromesso. Nel 1256, l'Imam si arrese mentre era assediato a e ordinò ai suoi seguaci di fare lo stesso. Nonostante fosse difficile da espugnare, Alamūt cadde immediatamente come ordinato e fu smantellata. Lo stato dei nizariti ismailiti scomparve a seguito di tale evento, anche se diversi singoli forti, in particolare e , continuarono a resistere. Möngke Khan ordinò quindi un'esecuzione di massa dei nazariti, inclusi Khurshah e la sua famiglia. I tentativi di ristabilire lo stato di Alamut fallirono e i sopravvissuti si dispersero in Medio Oriente e Asia Centrale. I nizariti riappaiono più tardi nella storia persiana con il loro Imamato situato ad Anjudan.La campagna di Hülegü contro i nizariti e il califfato abbaside ebbe come scopo quello di stabilire un nuovo khanato nella regione, il quale sarebbe divenuto nome come Ilkhanato.uale sarebbe divenuto nome come Ilkhanato.
, The Mongol campaign against the Nizaris of … The Mongol campaign against the Nizaris of the Alamut period (the Assassins) began in 1253 after the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire of Iran by the Mongol Empire and a series of Nizari–Mongol conflicts. The campaign was ordered by the Great Khan Möngke and was led by his brother, Hülegü. The campaign against the Nizaris and later the Abbasid Caliphate was intended to establish a new khanate in the region—the Ilkhanate. Hülegü's campaign began with attacks on strongholds in Quhistan and Qumis amidst intensified internal dissensions among Nizari leaders under Imam Ala al-Din Muhammad whose policy was fighting against the Mongols. His successor Rukn al-Din Khurshah began a long series of negotiations in face of the implacable Mongol advance. In 1256, the Imam capitulated while besieged in Maymun-Diz and ordered his followers to do likewise according to his agreement with Hülegü. Despite being difficult to capture, Alamut ceased hostilities too and was dismantled. The Nizari state was thus disestablished, although several individual forts, notably Lambsar, Gerdkuh, and those in Syria continued to resist. Möngke Khan later ordered a general massacre of all Nizaris, including Khurshah and his family. Many of the surviving Nizaris scattered throughout Western, Central, and South Asia. Little is known about them afterward, but their communities maintain some sort of independence in their heartland of Daylam and their Imamate reappear later in Anjudan.d their Imamate reappear later in Anjudan.
, Поход монголов против низаритов начался в … Поход монголов против низаритов начался в 1253 году после завоевания Хорезма и серией конфликтов между монголами и низаритами. Военная кампания была организована великим ханом Мункэ и велась его братом Хулагу. По итогу походов против низаритов и завоевания Аббасидского халифата монголами было основано Государство Хулагуидов. Кампания Хулагу началась с нападений на крепости в Кухистане и Кумисе на фоне усилившихся внутренних разногласий среди лидеров низаритов при имаме Ала ад-Дине Мухаммаде. Его преемник Рукн ад-Дин Хуршах начал долгую серию переговоров перед лицом неумолимого наступления монголов. В 1256 году имам капитулировал во время осады в Маймун-Дизе и приказал своим последователям сделать то же самое в соответствии с его соглашением с Хулагу. Несмотря на то, что его было трудно захватить, Аламут тоже прекратил боевые действия, его укрепления были разрушены. Таким образом, низаритское государство было упразднено, хотя несколько отдельных крепостей, особенно Ламбсар, Гердкух и бывшие в Сирии, продолжали сопротивляться. Позже Мунке приказал устроить всеобщую резню всех низаритов, включая Хуршаха и его семью. Многие из выживших низаритов рассеялись по Западной, Центральной и Южной Азии. После этого о них мало что известно, но их общины сохраняют некоторую независимость в Дайламе, а их имамат вновь появляется позже в Анжудане. имамат вновь появляется позже в Анжудане.
, La campagne mongole contre les Nizârites, … La campagne mongole contre les Nizârites, durant la (en), dite des Assassins, commence en 1253, après la conquête de l'Empire Khorezmien par l'Empire mongol. Elle est menée par Houlagou Khan, sur ordre de Möngke Khagan, tous deux petits-fils de Gengis Khan. Le conflit commence par des attaques contre des places fortes au (en) et dans la région de Qumis, notamment à Tun et Tus, dont la plupart sont saccagées, alors que les dissensions internes, entre les dirigeants Nizârites, sous le règne de l'Imam Ala al-Din Muhammad, s'intensifient. Son successeur, Rukn ad-Dîn Khurshâh, entame une longue série de négociations futiles. En 1256, l'imam se rend alors qu'il est assiégé à (en) et ordonne à ses disciples de faire de même. Bien que difficile à capturer, Alamut se rend immédiatement et est démantelée. L' (en) est ainsi déstabilisé, bien que plusieurs forts, notamment Lambsar, Gerdkûh et ceux de Syrie continuent à résister. Möngke ordonne plus tard un massacre général de tous les Nizârites, y compris celui de Khurshâh et de sa famille. Les tentatives pour rétablir l'État à Alamut échouent et la plupart des Nizârites survivants se dispersent au Moyen-Orient, en Asie centrale et en Asie du Sud. Ils réapparaissent cependant plus tard dans l'histoire de la Perse, leur imamat étant basé à (en). La campagne de Houlagou contre les Nizârites et plus tard contre le califat abbasside a pour but d'établir un nouveau khanat dans la région, l'Ilkhanat.nouveau khanat dans la région, l'Ilkhanat.
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Mongol Empire
, *Golden Horde
, *Oirats
, *Chagatai Khanate
, Nizari state of Alamut(Assassins)
, Supported by the local dynasties ofAnatolia,Tabaristan,Fars,Iraq,Azerbaijan,Arran,Shirvan,Georgia, andArmenia
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*Conflicts continued in theIlkhanateand theTimuridperiods
, *Many Nizaris were massacred or scattered; some regroup in their heartland ofDaylamand laterAnjudan
, *The state ofAlamutwas disestablished
, Mongol victory
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*1,000 squads ofsiege engineers
, 80,000 at its peak
, Outnumbered
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Ghal'eh Kuh of Ferdows , south of Ferdows
, The smaller Ghal'eh Kuh of Hasanabad, north-west of Ferdows
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est. 100,000 people in 1257 massacres
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Nizari state of Alamut
, Mongol Empire
*Golden Horde
*Chagatai Khanate
*Oirats
Supported by the local dynasties of Anatolia, Tabaristan, Fars, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Arran, Shirvan, Georgia, and Armenia
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, Büri
, Imam Ala al-Din Muhammad
, Quli
, Qadi Tajuddin Mardanshah
, Imam Rukn al-Din Khurshah
, Vizier Shams al-Din Gilaki
, Sipahsalar Muqaddam al-Din
, Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
, Muhtasham Nasir al-Din ibn Abi Mansur
, Balagha
, Tutar
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Mongol campaign against the Nizaris
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1253
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The two fortifications of Tun , which were connected with each other and with the city itself via subterranean passages discovered after the 1968 earthquakes.
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the Mongol conquest of Persia
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Nizari strongholds in Khurasan, Quhistan, Qumis, Tarem, Rudbar, and Alamut
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Mongol victory
*The state of Alamut was disestablished
*Many Nizaris were massacred or scattered; some regroup in their heartland of Daylam and later Anjudan
*Conflicts continued in the Ilkhanate and the Timurid periods
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80000
, Outnumbered
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The Mongol campaign against the Nizaris of … The Mongol campaign against the Nizaris of the Alamut period (the Assassins) began in 1253 after the Mongol conquest of the Khwarazmian Empire of Iran by the Mongol Empire and a series of Nizari–Mongol conflicts. The campaign was ordered by the Great Khan Möngke and was led by his brother, Hülegü. The campaign against the Nizaris and later the Abbasid Caliphate was intended to establish a new khanate in the region—the Ilkhanate.a new khanate in the region—the Ilkhanate.
, بدأت الحملة المغولية ضد النزاريين في فترة … بدأت الحملة المغولية ضد النزاريين في فترة ألموت (الحشاشين) في عام 1253 بعد الغزو المغولي للإمبراطورية الخوارزمية لإيران من قبل الإمبراطورية المغولية وسلسلة من الصراعات النزارية المغولية. كانت الحملة بأمر من الخان العظيم مونجكي وقادها شقيقه هولاكو. كانت الحملة ضد النزاريين وفيما بعد الخلافة العباسية تهدف إلى إنشاء خانيّة جديدة في المنطقة- الإلخانية. انتشر العديد من النزاريين الذين بقوا على قيد الحياة في جميع أنحاء غرب ووسط وجنوب آسيا. لا يُعرف الكثير عنهم بعد ذلك، لكن مجتمعاتهم تحافظ على نوع من الاستقلال في قلب بلادهم في الديلم وتعاود إمامتهم الظهور لاحقًا في أنجودان.م وتعاود إمامتهم الظهور لاحقًا في أنجودان.
, La campagna mongola contro i Nizariti ismailiti nel periodo di Alamut (ovvero degli Assassini) iniziò nel 1253 per opera di Hulagu seguendo gli ordini di Möngke Khan, dopo la conquista dell'Impero corasmio nell'odierno Iran da parte dell'Impero Mongolo.
, Поход монголов против низаритов начался в … Поход монголов против низаритов начался в 1253 году после завоевания Хорезма и серией конфликтов между монголами и низаритами. Военная кампания была организована великим ханом Мункэ и велась его братом Хулагу. По итогу походов против низаритов и завоевания Аббасидского халифата монголами было основано Государство Хулагуидов. Многие из выживших низаритов рассеялись по Западной, Центральной и Южной Азии. После этого о них мало что известно, но их общины сохраняют некоторую независимость в Дайламе, а их имамат вновь появляется позже в Анжудане. имамат вновь появляется позже в Анжудане.
, La campagne mongole contre les Nizârites, … La campagne mongole contre les Nizârites, durant la (en), dite des Assassins, commence en 1253, après la conquête de l'Empire Khorezmien par l'Empire mongol. Elle est menée par Houlagou Khan, sur ordre de Möngke Khagan, tous deux petits-fils de Gengis Khan.gan, tous deux petits-fils de Gengis Khan.
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Mongol campaign against the Nizaris
, Поход монголов против низаритов
, Campagna mongola contro i Nizariti
, Campagne mongole contre les Nizârites
, حملة المغول ضد النزاريين
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