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Le cellule M sono una sottopopolazione del … Le cellule M sono una sottopopolazione del MALT (Tessuto Linfoide Associato alle Mucose). Sono cellule altamente specializzate, e costituiscono il 10% delle cellule mucosali dell'intestino. Risultano difficili da studiare e sono state isolate solo recentemente. Differiscono dalle circostanti cellule mucosali per la loro forma, sono difatti molto assottigliate, membranose (da qui il nome Cellule M, membranose appunto).Sono situate nei tratti sovrastanti noduli linfatici detti Placche di Peyer (localizzate nella sottomucosa). Hanno una posizione specifica e se vengono spostate perdono parte della loro funzione che è quella di campionare gli antigeni discriminando ciò che è Self dal Non Self e mantenendo la tolleranza immunitaria. Hanno forma irregolare caratterizzata da microvilli (estroflessioni della membrana apicale corti ed irregolari) che producono come le fosfatasi alcaline. Le cellule M acquisiscono per endocitosi sostanze solubili e solide (es. Batteri) tramite la membrana apicale e per mezzo di vescicolette vengono portate alla membrana basolaterale dove vengono rilasciati per esocitosi e processati dai macrofagi, i quali presentano l'antigene ad una Cellula T-Helper che stimolerà la produzione di IgA (perché presenti nelle secrezioni). Le IGA impediscono la diretta adesione dell'antigene alla mucosa, presentandolo ai linfociti. Esse costituiscono una vera e propria barriera fisica.Sono usate da alcuni batteri, come la Shigella e la Salmonella, per penetrare nella sottomucosa intestinale per loro altrimenti irraggiungibile.inale per loro altrimenti irraggiungibile.
, 微皱褶细胞(Microfold cells)是一种免疫细胞。分布于胃肠道、口腔部（例如扁桃体）、小型唾液腺管、呼吸道、眼角膜、生殖泌尿道等部位。
, Sel M (bahasa Inggris: microfold cell, M c … Sel M (bahasa Inggris: microfold cell, M cell) adalah sel yang ditemukan pada epitelium folikel dari Peyer's patch, sebuah jaringan limfatik yang disebut (bahasa Inggris: gut-associated lymphoid tissue). Sel M mengusung organisme dan partikel dari dinding usus menuju sel-sel yang berperan sistem kekebalan. Sel M memiliki kemampuan fagositosis maupun pinositosis dan mengirim apa yang ditelannya melalui proses kepada sel dendritik dan sel T. Sel M dapat menjadi perantara infeksi HIV. Karena sel M lebih mudah dijangkau daripada , sejumlah patogen mengincar sel M untuk dapat masuk ke lapisan epitelium yang lebih dalam.suk ke lapisan epitelium yang lebih dalam.
, As células M (M de microfold, microprega e … As células M (M de microfold, microprega em inglês) ou células microfenestradas são enterócitos modificados localizados no tecido linfoide associado à mucosa e nas placas de Peyer no íleo. Participam do sistema imune através do carregamento de partículas estranhas (antígenos) do lúmen intestinal até centros germinativos subjacentes. Para que ocorra esse transporte, essas células possuem micropregas na superfície apical e uma lâmina basal descontínua com invaginações em sua superfície por onde passam os antígenos. Essas características diferenciam as células M do restante do epitélio intestinal, já que os enterócitos apresentam em sua superfície microvilosidades.sentam em sua superfície microvilosidades.
, Bei M-Zellen (M engl. für microfold; fold … Bei M-Zellen (M engl. für microfold; fold = „Falte“, micro = „klein“) handelt es sich um spezialisierte Epithelzellen, die in der Wand des Krummdarms (Ileum), einem Teil des Dünndarms, und den Tonsillen vorkommen. Sie spielen eine wichtige Rolle für die Funktion des Immunsystems.e Rolle für die Funktion des Immunsystems.
, M細胞（えむさいぼう）または小襞細胞（英:microfold cell, M cell）とは、パイエル板を覆うの吸収上皮細胞間に散在する細胞である。膜状の微絨毛を有する。M細胞において細菌やウイルスの取り込みが観察されていることから、M細胞は消化管の免疫に関与していると考えられている。なお、赤痢菌は、このM細胞に侵入することが知られている。
, Les cellules M (ou Microfold cells, qui se … Les cellules M (ou Microfold cells, qui se traduit par cellules à plis microscopiques) font partie du tissu lymphoïde associé au tube digestif (GALT), à savoir les plaques de Peyer de l'intestin grêle et du tissu lymphoïde associé aux muqueuses (MALT) dans d'autres parties du tractus gastro-intestinal. Ces cellules sont connues pour initier des réponses du système immunitaire des muqueuses sur la membrane apicale des cellules M et permettre le transport de microbes et de particules à travers la paroi intestinale, les captant dans la lumière intestinale pour les mener jusqu'à la lamina propria où des interactions avec les cellules immunitaires peuvent avoir lieu. Contrairement à leurs cellules voisines, les cellules M ont la capacité unique d'absorber par endocytose, phagocytose ou transcytose, les antigènes situés dans la lumière de l'intestin grêle. Les antigènes sont délivrés aux cellules présentatrices d'antigène, telles que les cellules dendritiques et les lymphocytes B. Les cellules M expriment la protéase (ou peptidase) , comme les autres cellules présentatrices d'antigène. Ce processus se déroule dans une structure unique en forme de poche sur leur face basolatérale. Les antigènes sont reconnus via l'expression de récepteurs à la surface des cellules, tels que la glycoprotéine-2 (GP2), qui détectent et se lient spécifiquement aux bactéries. La protéine prion cellulaire (PrP) est un autre exemple de récepteur à la surface des cellules M. Les cellules M sont dépourvues de microvillosités mais, comme d’autres cellules épithéliales, elles se caractérisent par des jonctions intercellulaires puissantes. Cela constitue une barrière physique qui constitue une ligne de défense importante entre le contenu de l'intestin et le système immunitaire de l'hôte. Malgré la barrière épithéliale, certains antigènes peuvent infiltrer la barrière des cellules M et infecter les cellules épithéliales voisines ou pénétrer dans la paroi intestinale.nes ou pénétrer dans la paroi intestinale.
, Microfold cells (or M cells) are found in … Microfold cells (or M cells) are found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the Peyer's patches in the small intestine, and in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells are known to initiate mucosal immunity responses on the apical membrane of the M cells and allow for transport of microbes and particles across the epithelial cell layer from the gut lumen to the lamina propria where interactions with immune cells can take place. Unlike their neighbor cells, M cells have the unique ability to take up antigen from the lumen of the small intestine via endocytosis, phagocytosis, or transcytosis. Antigens are delivered to antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells, and B lymphocytes. M cells express the protease cathepsin E, similar to other antigen-presenting cells. This process takes place in a unique pocket-like structure on their basolateral side. Antigens are recognized via expression of cell surface receptors such as glycoprotein-2 (GP2) that detect and specifically bind to bacteria. Cellular prion protein (PrP) is another example of a cell surface receptor on M cells. M cells lack microvilli but, like other epithelial cells, they are characterized by strong cell junctions. This provides a physical barrier that constitutes an important line of defense between the gut contents and the immune system of the host. Despite the epithelial barrier, some antigens are able to infiltrate the M cell barrier and infect the nearby epithelial cells or enter the gut. nearby epithelial cells or enter the gut.
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Microfold cells (or M cells) are found in … Microfold cells (or M cells) are found in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of the Peyer's patches in the small intestine, and in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) of other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. These cells are known to initiate mucosal immunity responses on the apical membrane of the M cells and allow for transport of microbes and particles across the epithelial cell layer from the gut lumen to the lamina propria where interactions with immune cells can take place.ractions with immune cells can take place.
, Le cellule M sono una sottopopolazione del … Le cellule M sono una sottopopolazione del MALT (Tessuto Linfoide Associato alle Mucose). Sono cellule altamente specializzate, e costituiscono il 10% delle cellule mucosali dell'intestino. Risultano difficili da studiare e sono state isolate solo recentemente. Differiscono dalle circostanti cellule mucosali per la loro forma, sono difatti molto assottigliate, membranose (da qui il nome Cellule M, membranose appunto).Sono situate nei tratti sovrastanti noduli linfatici detti Placche di Peyer (localizzate nella sottomucosa). di Peyer (localizzate nella sottomucosa).
, M細胞（えむさいぼう）または小襞細胞（英:microfold cell, M cell）とは、パイエル板を覆うの吸収上皮細胞間に散在する細胞である。膜状の微絨毛を有する。M細胞において細菌やウイルスの取り込みが観察されていることから、M細胞は消化管の免疫に関与していると考えられている。なお、赤痢菌は、このM細胞に侵入することが知られている。
, Les cellules M (ou Microfold cells, qui se … Les cellules M (ou Microfold cells, qui se traduit par cellules à plis microscopiques) font partie du tissu lymphoïde associé au tube digestif (GALT), à savoir les plaques de Peyer de l'intestin grêle et du tissu lymphoïde associé aux muqueuses (MALT) dans d'autres parties du tractus gastro-intestinal. Ces cellules sont connues pour initier des réponses du système immunitaire des muqueuses sur la membrane apicale des cellules M et permettre le transport de microbes et de particules à travers la paroi intestinale, les captant dans la lumière intestinale pour les mener jusqu'à la lamina propria où des interactions avec les cellules immunitaires peuvent avoir lieu. cellules immunitaires peuvent avoir lieu.
, Bei M-Zellen (M engl. für microfold; fold … Bei M-Zellen (M engl. für microfold; fold = „Falte“, micro = „klein“) handelt es sich um spezialisierte Epithelzellen, die in der Wand des Krummdarms (Ileum), einem Teil des Dünndarms, und den Tonsillen vorkommen. Sie spielen eine wichtige Rolle für die Funktion des Immunsystems.e Rolle für die Funktion des Immunsystems.
, Sel M (bahasa Inggris: microfold cell, M c … Sel M (bahasa Inggris: microfold cell, M cell) adalah sel yang ditemukan pada epitelium folikel dari Peyer's patch, sebuah jaringan limfatik yang disebut (bahasa Inggris: gut-associated lymphoid tissue). Sel M mengusung organisme dan partikel dari dinding usus menuju sel-sel yang berperan sistem kekebalan. Sel M memiliki kemampuan fagositosis maupun pinositosis dan mengirim apa yang ditelannya melalui proses kepada sel dendritik dan sel T. Sel M dapat menjadi perantara infeksi HIV.Sel M dapat menjadi perantara infeksi HIV.
, 微皱褶细胞(Microfold cells)是一种免疫细胞。分布于胃肠道、口腔部（例如扁桃体）、小型唾液腺管、呼吸道、眼角膜、生殖泌尿道等部位。
, As células M (M de microfold, microprega e … As células M (M de microfold, microprega em inglês) ou células microfenestradas são enterócitos modificados localizados no tecido linfoide associado à mucosa e nas placas de Peyer no íleo. Participam do sistema imune através do carregamento de partículas estranhas (antígenos) do lúmen intestinal até centros germinativos subjacentes. Para que ocorra esse transporte, essas células possuem micropregas na superfície apical e uma lâmina basal descontínua com invaginações em sua superfície por onde passam os antígenos. Essas características diferenciam as células M do restante do epitélio intestinal, já que os enterócitos apresentam em sua superfície microvilosidades.sentam em sua superfície microvilosidades.
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Microfold cell
, Cellula M
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, Sel M
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