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Mehadrin-Linien (hebräisch: קו מהדרין) war … Mehadrin-Linien (hebräisch: קו מהדרין) waren ultraorthodox-jüdische Buslinien in Israel, in denen die Geschlechtertrennung aus religiösen Gründen vorgeschrieben war. Diese Einrichtung kam Ende der 1990er Jahre auf, im Januar 2011 verbot das Oberste Israelische Gericht eine verpflichtende Geschlechtertrennung in öffentlichen Verkehrslinien. Frauen stand dabei der durch die Hintertür betretbare hintere Bereich des Busses und den Männern der durch die Vordertür betretbare vordere Bereich zur Verfügung. Im Bus war bestimmte Werbung verboten und für Frauen das Tragen „angemessener Kleidung“ vorgeschrieben. Die Umsetzung des Mehadrin-Prinzips (Übererfüllung religiöser Vorschriften) bei Bussen wurde teilweise durch wohlhabende ultraorthodoxe Haredim privat finanziert, teilweise setzte auf einzelnen Strecken aber auch die Busgesellschaft Egged Mehadrin-Busse ein. Die Busse waren in Israel stark umstritten, besonders nachdem einige Frauen, die sich anschickten, Plätze im vorderen Bereich einzunehmen oder dort saßen, von ultraorthodoxen Männern tätlich angegriffen wurden. Gemäß Befund eines vom Obersten Gericht Israels beauftragten Komitees des Verkehrsministeriums ist eine verpflichtende Geschlechtertrennung illegal und darf nur auf freiwilliger Basis erfolgen. In einem Urteil vom 6. Januar 2011 hat das Oberste Gericht dies bestätigt, und hält fest, dass „ein Betreiber eines öffentlichen Transportmittels, wie jede andere Person, nicht das Recht hat, Frauen vorzuschreiben oder nahezulegen, wo sie als Frauen sitzen dürfen“. Richter Elyakim Rubinstein ergänzte dazu: „Während ich diese Zeilen jetzt lese, bin ich erstaunt, dass es notwendig war, so etwas im Jahr 2010 überhaupt zu schreiben“, und stellt die Frage: „Sind die Zeiten von Rosa Parks zurückgekehrt, die die Rassensegregation 1955 in einem Bus in Alabama zum Einsturz brachte?“inem Bus in Alabama zum Einsturz brachte?“
, Mehadrin bus lines (Hebrew: קו מהדרין) wer … Mehadrin bus lines (Hebrew: קו מהדרין) were a type of bus line in Israel that mostly ran in and/or between major Haredi population centers and in which gender segregation and other rigid religious rules observed by some ultra-Orthodox Jews were applied from 1997 until 2011. In these sex-segregated buses, female passengers sat in the back of the bus and entered and exited the bus through the back door if possible, while the male passengers sat in the front part of the bus and entered and exited through the front door. Additionally, "modest dress" was often required for women, playing a radio or secular music on the bus was avoided, advertisements were censored. Mehadrin lines were generally cheaper than other lines. In early 2010, there were 56 Mehadrin buses in 28 cities across Israel operated by public transportation companies, although usually not specifically labelled. In January 2011, the Israeli High Court of Justice ruled that gender segregation was unlawful and abolished the "mehadrin" public buses. However, the court rule allowed the continuation of the gender segregation in public buses on a strictly voluntary basis for a one-year experimental period. Before the ruling, female passengers were frequently harassed and forced to sit at the back of the bus. Haredim requested to operate private bus lines, but they were blocked by the transportation ministry. Advocacy groups who fought segregated bus lines claimed that discrimination against women in public buses was maintained one year later. Incidents in which women were ordered by ultra-Orthodox men to sit at the back of buses and were abused when they refused, have been reported. As of 2013, Haredim surrounded and stoned buses after the drivers explained to passengers that women cannot be forced to sit in the back, breaking windows until they were arrested; a month later, a secular man punched, and pulled the beard of, a Haredi who tried to get a woman to move, then he escaped arrest.t a woman to move, then he escaped arrest.
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Mehadrin-Linien (hebräisch: קו מהדרין) war … Mehadrin-Linien (hebräisch: קו מהדרין) waren ultraorthodox-jüdische Buslinien in Israel, in denen die Geschlechtertrennung aus religiösen Gründen vorgeschrieben war. Diese Einrichtung kam Ende der 1990er Jahre auf, im Januar 2011 verbot das Oberste Israelische Gericht eine verpflichtende Geschlechtertrennung in öffentlichen Verkehrslinien.ertrennung in öffentlichen Verkehrslinien.
, Mehadrin bus lines (Hebrew: קו מהדרין) wer … Mehadrin bus lines (Hebrew: קו מהדרין) were a type of bus line in Israel that mostly ran in and/or between major Haredi population centers and in which gender segregation and other rigid religious rules observed by some ultra-Orthodox Jews were applied from 1997 until 2011. In these sex-segregated buses, female passengers sat in the back of the bus and entered and exited the bus through the back door if possible, while the male passengers sat in the front part of the bus and entered and exited through the front door. Additionally, "modest dress" was often required for women, playing a radio or secular music on the bus was avoided, advertisements were censored. Mehadrin lines were generally cheaper than other lines. In early 2010, there were 56 Mehadrin buses in 28 cities across Israel operdrin buses in 28 cities across Israel oper
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Mehadrin-Linien
, Mehadrin bus lines
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