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Martin Tabert (1899 – February 2, 1922) wa … Martin Tabert (1899 – February 2, 1922) was an early 20th Century American forced laborer. The circumstances of Tabert’s death – being a white man beaten to death by an overseer – caused a public reaction that resulted eventually in the end of Florida’s longstanding convict leasing system. Convict leasing was one of the forms of legalized involuntary servitude common in the American south from the 1880s through the 1940s. Tabert was a 22-year-old man from Munich, North Dakota who was arrested in December 1921 as part of a police mass-arrest sweep, on a charge of 'vagrancy', for being on a train without a ticket in Tallahassee, Florida. Tabert was convicted and fined $25 (equivalent to about one week's wages). Although his parents sent $50 to pay the fine, plus $25 more so Tabert could afford transportation back home to North Dakota, their money disappeared in the Leon County prison system, where Sheriff James Robert Jones earned $20 for each prisoner he leased out as cheap labor to local businesses. The sheriff sent Tabert to work at the in Clara, Florida, approximately 60 miles (97 km) south of Tallahassee in Dixie County. In January 1922 Tabert was whipped with a leather strap by supervisor (aka "whipping boss") Thomas Walter Higginbotham. It was alleged that Tabert was whipped approximately 150 times: 30-50 times initially, knocking him to the ground; at least another 30 times more, when he was ordered to get up but didn't (or couldn't); and further as the overseer chased Tabert through the work camp. Tabert ultimately made it back to his bed, where he died of his injuries just hours later. Coverage of Tabert's killing by the newspaper New York World earned it the Pulitzer Prize for Public Service. Florida governor Cary A. Hardee ended Florida's system of convict leasing in 1923, in part due to public revulsion resulting from the widespread publicity concerning the conviction of Higginbotham for second-degree murder and concern about the effect of the publicity on the state's tourist trade. The whip used on Tabert was of a type known as a "Black Aunty", a leather whip measuring 5.5 feet (1.7 m) in length and weighing 7.5 pounds (3.4 kg). Marjory Stoneman Douglas wrote a poem about the killing.an Douglas wrote a poem about the killing.
, Мартин Таберт (1899, округ Кавалир, Северн … Мартин Таберт (1899, округ Кавалир, Северная Дакота, США — 2 февраля 1922, округ Тейлор, Флорида, США) — 22-летний мужчина, который был арестован в декабре 1921 года по обвинению в бродяжничестве за то, что ехал в поезде во Флориду без билета. Таберт был осуждён и оштрафован на 25 долларов (25 долларов были эквивалентны примерно недельной заработной плате). Хотя его родители послали 25 долларов на оплату штрафа и ещё 25 долларов за возвращение Таберта домой в Северную Дакоту, деньги исчезли в тюремной системе. Шериф Джеймс Роберт Джонс зарабатывал по 20 долларов за каждого заключенного, которого он «сдавал в аренду» различным компаниям. Он послал Таберта работать в Putnam Lumber Company в Кларе, Флорида, примерно в 60 милях (97 км) к югу от Таллахасси в округе Дикси.97 км) к югу от Таллахасси в округе Дикси.
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1922
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Fine of $25; later sentenced to convict leasing
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died in prison
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Martin Tabert (1899 – February 2, 1922) wa … Martin Tabert (1899 – February 2, 1922) was an early 20th Century American forced laborer. The circumstances of Tabert’s death – being a white man beaten to death by an overseer – caused a public reaction that resulted eventually in the end of Florida’s longstanding convict leasing system. Convict leasing was one of the forms of legalized involuntary servitude common in the American south from the 1880s through the 1940s.an south from the 1880s through the 1940s.
, Мартин Таберт (1899, округ Кавалир, Северн … Мартин Таберт (1899, округ Кавалир, Северная Дакота, США — 2 февраля 1922, округ Тейлор, Флорида, США) — 22-летний мужчина, который был арестован в декабре 1921 года по обвинению в бродяжничестве за то, что ехал в поезде во Флориду без билета. Таберт был осуждён и оштрафован на 25 долларов (25 долларов были эквивалентны примерно недельной заработной плате). Хотя его родители послали 25 долларов на оплату штрафа и ещё 25 долларов за возвращение Таберта домой в Северную Дакоту, деньги исчезли в тюремной системе. Шериф Джеймс Роберт Джонс зарабатывал по 20 долларов за каждого заключенного, которого он «сдавал в аренду» различным компаниям. Он послал Таберта работать в Putnam Lumber Company в Кларе, Флорида, примерно в 60 милях (97 км) к югу от Таллахасси в округе Дикси.97 км) к югу от Таллахасси в округе Дикси.
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Martin Tabert
, Таберт, Мартин
|
