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This list of systems of plant taxonomy pre … This list of systems of plant taxonomy presents "taxonomic systems" used in plant classification. A taxonomic system is a coherent whole of taxonomic judgments on circumscription and placement of the considered taxa. It is only a "system" if it is applied to a large group of such taxa (for example, all the flowering plants). There are two main criteria for this list. A system must be taxonomic, that is deal with many plants, by their botanical names. Secondly it must be a system, i.e. deal with the relationships of plants. Although thinking about relationships of plants had started much earlier (see history of plant systematics), such systems really only came into being in the 19th century, as a result of an ever-increasing influx from all over the world of newly discovered plant species. The 18th century saw some early systems, which are perhaps precursors rather than full taxonomic systems. A milestone event was the publication of Species Plantarum by Linnaeus which serves as the starting point of binomial nomenclature for plants. By its size this would qualify to be on this list, but it does not deal with relationships, beyond assigning plants into genera. Note that a system is not necessarily monolithic and often goes through several stages of development, resulting in several versions of the same system. When a system is widely adopted, many authors will adopt their own particular version of the system. The Cronquist system is well known for existing in many versions. well known for existing in many versions.
, Taxonomický systém je souvislý celek, kter … Taxonomický systém je souvislý celek, který slouží k vymezení a uspořádání jednotlivých taxonů. O taxonomickém systému hovoříme tehdy, když byl vytvořen pro velkou skupinu nějakých taxonů (např. krytosemenné rostliny). Abychom hovořili o taxonomickém systému, musí být toto dílo (z ohledem na dobu) dostatečně obsáhlé a úplné a jednotlivé taxony musí být uspořádány podle (někdy domnělé) příbuznosti mezi jednotlivými rostlinami. První pokusy o taxonomické systémy jsou známy už z 18. století. V 19. století bylo třeba vytvořit jisté uspořádání a řád, protože byly neustále objevovány a popisovány nové a nové druhy, proto začaly vznikat taxonomické systémy.Zásadním dílem bylo od Linného, které se dnes bere jako počáteční bod binomické nomenklatury rostlin. Toto dílo bylo na svou dobu rozsáhlé a úplné, nicméně nezabývá se příbuzenskými vztahy, snad kromě zařazení druhů do jednotlivých rodů, proto ho nepovažujeme za taxonomický systém.oto ho nepovažujeme za taxonomický systém.
, Значение систематики для современной биоло … Значение систематики для современной биологии можно выразить словами известного российского ботаника, знатока систематики, Армена Леоновича Тахтаджяна: Систематика есть одновременно и фундамент и венец биологии, её начало и конец. В современной филогенетической систематике можно выделить три крупные группы методов:
* Биологические методы, то есть методы основанные на изучение самих растительных организмов В пределах группы биологических методов выделяются следующие методы:
* Морфологические методы, которые включают в себя собственно морфологический, анатомический, карпологический (то есть изучение плодов растений), палинологический (изучение пыльцы), кариологический (изучение содержимого клеточных ядер) и тератологический (изучение уродов растительного мира).
* Биохимические методы, основанные на изучении биохимических превращений в растительных организмах.
* Физиологические, в основе которых лежит изучение физиологических процессов и реакций растений.
* Собственно биологические: генетические, онтогенетические (изучение развития организма от зарождения до биологической смерти) и гибридологические (изучения гибридов и их генетических и биологических проявлений).
* Топологические методы, основанные на изучении среды обитания растений. К ним относятся:
* Географический метод — изучение современного распространения растений.
* Экологический метод, основанный на изучении местообитания растений.
* Фитоценологический, основывается на изучении структуры растительных сообществ.
* Вспомогательные или математические методы, к которым относятся вариационно-статистическая обработка и корреляционный анализ. Классификация растений вызывает сложности в том числе и из-за разногласий между сторонниками монофилии и полифилии. между сторонниками монофилии и полифилии.
, On peut faire commencer la classification … On peut faire commencer la classification botanique avec Théophraste, mais ce n'est qu'au XVIe siècle que le médecin Marocain Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani constitue la première pharmacopée moderne avec une classification à 3 degrés. Une classification formelle ne fut rendue possible en Europe qu'avec l'introduction de la nomenclature binomiale en 1753 par Carl von Linné (1707-1778).le en 1753 par Carl von Linné (1707-1778).
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This list of systems of plant taxonomy pre … This list of systems of plant taxonomy presents "taxonomic systems" used in plant classification. A taxonomic system is a coherent whole of taxonomic judgments on circumscription and placement of the considered taxa. It is only a "system" if it is applied to a large group of such taxa (for example, all the flowering plants). A milestone event was the publication of Species Plantarum by Linnaeus which serves as the starting point of binomial nomenclature for plants. By its size this would qualify to be on this list, but it does not deal with relationships, beyond assigning plants into genera.hips, beyond assigning plants into genera.
, On peut faire commencer la classification … On peut faire commencer la classification botanique avec Théophraste, mais ce n'est qu'au XVIe siècle que le médecin Marocain Abul Qasim ibn Mohammed al-Ghassani constitue la première pharmacopée moderne avec une classification à 3 degrés. Une classification formelle ne fut rendue possible en Europe qu'avec l'introduction de la nomenclature binomiale en 1753 par Carl von Linné (1707-1778).le en 1753 par Carl von Linné (1707-1778).
, Значение систематики для современной биоло … Значение систематики для современной биологии можно выразить словами известного российского ботаника, знатока систематики, Армена Леоновича Тахтаджяна: Систематика есть одновременно и фундамент и венец биологии, её начало и конец. В современной филогенетической систематике можно выделить три крупные группы методов: Классификация растений вызывает сложности в том числе и из-за разногласий между сторонниками монофилии и полифилии. между сторонниками монофилии и полифилии.
, Taxonomický systém je souvislý celek, kter … Taxonomický systém je souvislý celek, který slouží k vymezení a uspořádání jednotlivých taxonů. O taxonomickém systému hovoříme tehdy, když byl vytvořen pro velkou skupinu nějakých taxonů (např. krytosemenné rostliny). Abychom hovořili o taxonomickém systému, musí být toto dílo (z ohledem na dobu) dostatečně obsáhlé a úplné a jednotlivé taxony musí být uspořádány podle (někdy domnělé) příbuznosti mezi jednotlivými rostlinami. příbuznosti mezi jednotlivými rostlinami.
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