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Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 mars 1779 – 12 dé … Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 mars 1779 – 12 décembre 1851) était un docteur, un botaniste, diplomate et un homme d'État américain. Il est le premier représentant américain officiel en Amérique du sud, également membre de la législature de la Caroline du Sud durant la (en). Il fait partie des unionistes, est Secrétaire à la Guerre des États-Unis sous la présidence de Martin Van Buren. Il est également le cofondateur du (en) (prédécésseur du Smithsonian Institution).(prédécésseur du Smithsonian Institution).
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 Maret 1779 – 12 D … Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 Maret 1779 – 12 Desember 1851) adalah seorang dokter sekaligus botanis dan politikus Amerika Serikat. Ia pernah menjabat anggota Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Serikat, Duta Besar Amerika Serikat untuk Meksiko yang pertama (Amerika Serikat belum menunjuk duta besar hingga tahun 1896), Menteri Pertahanan pada masa Presiden Martin Van Buren, serta sebagai salah seorang pendiri dan Seni Terapan (nantinya menjadi Institusi Smithsonian). Namanya diabadikan menjadi nama daerah di Arkansas, nama jembatan bersejarah ( di ), dan nama tanaman kastuba dalam bahasa Inggris (poinsettia) yang umum dipakai sebagai hiasan Natal. Lahir tahun 1779 di Charleston, South Carolina, ayahnya bernama Dr. Elisha Poinsett dan ibunya bernama Ann Richards. Pendidikan ditempuhnya di Connecticut dan Eropa hingga menjadi ahli kedokteran dan hukum. Poinsett termasuk orang Amerika pertama yang berwisata ke Timur Tengah. Pada tahun 1806, seorang khan di Persia memperlihatan kolam minyak mentah kepadanya. Menurut perkiraannya suatu hari bisa dijadikan bahan bakar. Pekerjaan sebagai "agen khusus" ke negara-negara Amerika Selatan dijalaninya dari 1810 hingga 1814. Presiden James Madison mengutusnya pada tahun 1809 untuk menyelidiki kemungkinan terjadinya revolusi di negara-negara yang sedang berjuang untuk kemerdekaan dari Spanyol. Setelah kembali di tanah kelahirannya, South Carolina pada tahun 1815, Poinsett mencalonkan diri, dan terpilih sebagai anggota dari tahun 1816 hingga 1820. Selain itu, ia juga menjadi anggota Dewan Pekerjaan Umum South Carolina dari tahun 1818 hingga 1820. Dari tahun 1822 hingga 1826, ia mewakili South Carolina di Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Serikat. Semasa menjadi anggota Kongres, Poinsett juga bertugas sebagai duta luar biasa untuk Meksiko dari tahun 1822 hingga 1823. Pada tahun 1825, ia ditunjuk sebagai menteri Amerika yang pertama untuk Meksiko, dan terlibat kekacauan politik di Meksiko hingga dipanggil pulang pada tahun 1830. Semasa bertugas di Meksiko, Poinsett mengunjungi wilayah bagian selatan Meksiko yang disebut , dan menemukan spesies tanaman yang nantinya disebut poinsettia (bahasa Indonesia: kastuba). Orang Aztec menyebut tanaman yang berbunga di musim dingin tersebut sebagai cuetlaxochitl, dan ahli botani memberikan nama binomial Euphorbia pulcherrima yang berarti "Euphorbia yang paling indah". Poinsett yang juga seorang botanis amatir mengirimkan sampel tanaman tersebut ke Amerika Serikat, dan pada tahun 1836, tanaman tersebut secara luas dikenal orang sebagai "poinsettia". Pada tahun 1830, Poinsett pulang ke South Carolina untuk mendukung usaha pihak Unionis dalam . Ia juga kembali menjadi anggota dewan perwakilan negara bagian dari tahun 1830 hingga 1831. Sesudah itu, ia menikah dengan Mary Izard Pringle pada tahun 1833. Poinsett menjabat Menteri Pertahanan dari 7 Maret 1837 hingga 5 Maret 1841. Pada masa jabatannya, ia memimpin pemindahan besar-besaran penduduk asli Amerika dari sebelah barat Mississippi, dan berperan dalam Perang Seminole. Jasa-jasa lainnya termasuk mengurangi terpencarnya kekuatan Angkatan Darat dengan memusatkan kekuatan di lokasi tertentu, dan melengkapi persenjataan resimen artileri sesuai wewenang yang diberikan akta organisasi angkatan bersenjata 1821. Setelah pensiun, ia kembali ke perkebunannya di Georgetown, South Carolina, pada tahun 1841. Poinsett termasuk salah seorang pendiri ketika Lembaga Nasional untuk Kemajuan Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Seni Terapan didirikan pada tahun 1840. Lembaga didirikan oleh sekelompok politisi yang mendukung pemanfaatan kekayaan warisan Smithson untuk mendirikan museum nasional. Fungsi museum direncanakan sebagai ruang pamer pusaka negara dan peninggalan dari pemimpin politik Amerika Serikat, sarana promosi teknologi Amerika, dan dokumentasi sumber daya di Amerika Utara. Usaha kelompok Poinsett akhirnya kalah dari kelompok lain yang ingin lembaga dipimpin oleh ilmuwan dan bukan politisi. Lembaga tersebut nantinya disebut Institusi Smithsonian. Joel Roberts Poinsett tutup usia di pada tahun 1851. Makamnya terletak di Pekuburan Gereja Holy Cross Episcopal. di Pekuburan Gereja Holy Cross Episcopal.
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (Charleston, 2 de ma … Joel Roberts Poinsett (Charleston, 2 de março de 1779 — Stateburg, 12 de dezembro de 1851) foi um médico, botânico e estadista estadunidense. Membro da Câmara dos Representantes, primeiro embaixador dos Estados Unidos no México, Secretário da Guerra de Martin Van Buren e co-fundador do Instituto Nacional pela Promoção da Ciência, que posteriormente tornou-se o Smithsonian Institution.mente tornou-se o Smithsonian Institution.
, ジョエル・ロバーツ・ポインセット（Joel Roberts Poinsett, 1779年3月2日 - 1851年12月12日）は、アメリカ合衆国の医師、植物学者、政治家。1837年から1841年まで第15代アメリカ合衆国陸軍長官を務めた。
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (Charleston, 2 marzo 1779 – 12 dicembre 1851) è stato un politico statunitense.
, 乔尔·罗伯茨·波因塞特（Joel Roberts Poinsett，1779年3月2日－1851年12月12日），美国政治家，曾任美国众议员（1821年－1825年）和美国战争部长（1837年－1841年）。
, Джоэл Робертс Пойнсетт (англ. Joel Roberts Poinsett; 2 марта 1779, Чарльстон, Южная Каролина — 12 декабря 1851) — американский политический деятель, военный министр при президенте Мартине Ван Бюрене.
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (* 2. März 1779 in C … Joel Roberts Poinsett (* 2. März 1779 in Charleston, South Carolina; † 12. Dezember 1851 in , South Carolina) war ein amerikanischer Arzt, Botaniker und Politiker. Er war Abgeordneter im US-Repräsentantenhaus, der erste diplomatische Gesandte der Vereinigten Staaten in Mexiko, US-Kriegsminister unter Martin Van Buren und Mitbegründer der und Useful Arts (eine Vorgängerorganisation der Smithsonian Institution) sowie Namenspate des Poinsett County und der Poinsettie, einer beliebten Weihnachtsblume.insettie, einer beliebten Weihnachtsblume.
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 de marzo de 1779- … Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 de marzo de 1779-12 de diciembre de 1851) fue un botánico y estadista estadounidense. Fue miembro de la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos, el primer Enviado Extraordinario y Ministro Plenipotenciario de México (no se nombró un embajador para México hasta 1896). Secretario de Guerra en la presidencia de Martin Van Buren y cofundador del Instituto Nacional para la promoción de las Ciencias (organismo predecesor de la Instituto Smithsoniano), en su honor se nombró el Condado de Poinsett y la poinsetia, flor originaria de México conocida como flor de Nochebuena, asociada con la Navidad.r de Nochebuena, asociada con la Navidad.
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (Charleston (South C … Joel Roberts Poinsett (Charleston (South Carolina), 2 maart 1779 - Stateburg (South Carolina), 12 december 1851) was een Amerikaans politicus, botanicus, medicus en diplomaat. Poinsett was geboren in de staat South Carolina en studeerde medicijnen en recht in Connecticut en Europa. In 1809 werd hij door president James Madison naar Latijns-Amerika gestuurd als 'speciaal agent' om onderzoek te doen naar de onafhankelijkheidsstrijd aldaar. Van 1816 tot 1820 had hij zitting in het parlement van zijn thuisstaat en van 1821 tot 1825 had hij zitting in het Huis van Afgevaardigden. Tegelijkertijd diende hij als gezant in Mexico, alwaar hij in 1825 als eerste ambassadeur van zijn land werd benoemd. In 1825 ontdekte hij bij het stadje Taxco de Euphorbia pulcherrima een plant die later bekend werd als de kerstster, waarvan hij een aantal exemplaren naar huis zond om meer onderzoek naar te doen. In het Engels is de plant sindsdien bekend als poinsettia. Poinsett is in Mexico berucht geworden wegens zijn bemoeienissen in de Mexicaanse politiek. Poinsett zette in Mexico de eerste vrijmetselaarsloges op die al snel een politieke factor van belang werden. In menige Mexicaanse antimaçonnieke samenzweringstheorie geldt Poinsett als iemand die door middel van vrijmetselaarsloges Mexico onderworpen heeft gemaakt aan de Verenigde Staten. In 1829 poogde hij van president Vicente Guerrero het Texas van Mexico te kopen, wat deze weigerde. Na een verzoek van Guerrero aan de Amerikaanse regering werd Poinsett uit zijn post ontheven. Na terugkeer in de Verenigde Staten werd hij weer actief in de politiek van zijn staat. In 1837 werd hij door president Martin Van Buren benoemd tot minister van oorlog, waarbij hij zich onder andere bezighield met de gedwongen verhuizing van Indianen naar het westen van de Mississippi en de . Na afloop van zijn ministerschap in 1841 trok hij zich terug op zijn landgoed, waar hij tien jaar later overleed.ndgoed, waar hij tien jaar later overleed.
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (March 2, 1779 – Dec … Joel Roberts Poinsett (March 2, 1779 – December 12, 1851) was an American physician, diplomat and slave owner. He was the first U.S. agent in South America, a member of the South Carolina legislature and the United States House of Representatives, the first United States Minister to Mexico, a Unionist leader in South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis, Secretary of War under Martin Van Buren, and a co-founder of the National Institute for the Promotion of Science and the Useful Arts (a predecessor of the Smithsonian Institution).edecessor of the Smithsonian Institution).
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Joel Roberts Poinsett (Charleston (South C … Joel Roberts Poinsett (Charleston (South Carolina), 2 maart 1779 - Stateburg (South Carolina), 12 december 1851) was een Amerikaans politicus, botanicus, medicus en diplomaat. Poinsett was geboren in de staat South Carolina en studeerde medicijnen en recht in Connecticut en Europa. In 1809 werd hij door president James Madison naar Latijns-Amerika gestuurd als 'speciaal agent' om onderzoek te doen naar de onafhankelijkheidsstrijd aldaar. Van 1816 tot 1820 had hij zitting in het parlement van zijn thuisstaat en van 1821 tot 1825 had hij zitting in het Huis van Afgevaardigden. Tegelijkertijd diende hij als gezant in Mexico, alwaar hij in 1825 als eerste ambassadeur van zijn land werd benoemd. In 1825 ontdekte hij bij het stadje Taxco de Euphorbia pulcherrima een plant die later bekend werd acherrima een plant die later bekend werd a
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (Charleston, 2 de ma … Joel Roberts Poinsett (Charleston, 2 de março de 1779 — Stateburg, 12 de dezembro de 1851) foi um médico, botânico e estadista estadunidense. Membro da Câmara dos Representantes, primeiro embaixador dos Estados Unidos no México, Secretário da Guerra de Martin Van Buren e co-fundador do Instituto Nacional pela Promoção da Ciência, que posteriormente tornou-se o Smithsonian Institution.mente tornou-se o Smithsonian Institution.
, ジョエル・ロバーツ・ポインセット（Joel Roberts Poinsett, 1779年3月2日 - 1851年12月12日）は、アメリカ合衆国の医師、植物学者、政治家。1837年から1841年まで第15代アメリカ合衆国陸軍長官を務めた。
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (* 2. März 1779 in C … Joel Roberts Poinsett (* 2. März 1779 in Charleston, South Carolina; † 12. Dezember 1851 in , South Carolina) war ein amerikanischer Arzt, Botaniker und Politiker. Er war Abgeordneter im US-Repräsentantenhaus, der erste diplomatische Gesandte der Vereinigten Staaten in Mexiko, US-Kriegsminister unter Martin Van Buren und Mitbegründer der und Useful Arts (eine Vorgängerorganisation der Smithsonian Institution) sowie Namenspate des Poinsett County und der Poinsettie, einer beliebten Weihnachtsblume.insettie, einer beliebten Weihnachtsblume.
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (Charleston, 2 marzo 1779 – 12 dicembre 1851) è stato un politico statunitense.
, Джоэл Робертс Пойнсетт (англ. Joel Roberts Poinsett; 2 марта 1779, Чарльстон, Южная Каролина — 12 декабря 1851) — американский политический деятель, военный министр при президенте Мартине Ван Бюрене.
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (March 2, 1779 – Dec … Joel Roberts Poinsett (March 2, 1779 – December 12, 1851) was an American physician, diplomat and slave owner. He was the first U.S. agent in South America, a member of the South Carolina legislature and the United States House of Representatives, the first United States Minister to Mexico, a Unionist leader in South Carolina during the Nullification Crisis, Secretary of War under Martin Van Buren, and a co-founder of the National Institute for the Promotion of Science and the Useful Arts (a predecessor of the Smithsonian Institution).edecessor of the Smithsonian Institution).
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 Maret 1779 – 12 D … Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 Maret 1779 – 12 Desember 1851) adalah seorang dokter sekaligus botanis dan politikus Amerika Serikat. Ia pernah menjabat anggota Dewan Perwakilan Amerika Serikat, Duta Besar Amerika Serikat untuk Meksiko yang pertama (Amerika Serikat belum menunjuk duta besar hingga tahun 1896), Menteri Pertahanan pada masa Presiden Martin Van Buren, serta sebagai salah seorang pendiri dan Seni Terapan (nantinya menjadi Institusi Smithsonian). Namanya diabadikan menjadi nama daerah di Arkansas, nama jembatan bersejarah ( di ), dan nama tanaman kastuba dalam bahasa Inggris (poinsettia) yang umum dipakai sebagai hiasan Natal.a) yang umum dipakai sebagai hiasan Natal.
, 乔尔·罗伯茨·波因塞特（Joel Roberts Poinsett，1779年3月2日－1851年12月12日），美国政治家，曾任美国众议员（1821年－1825年）和美国战争部长（1837年－1841年）。
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 de marzo de 1779- … Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 de marzo de 1779-12 de diciembre de 1851) fue un botánico y estadista estadounidense. Fue miembro de la Cámara de Representantes de los Estados Unidos, el primer Enviado Extraordinario y Ministro Plenipotenciario de México (no se nombró un embajador para México hasta 1896). Secretario de Guerra en la presidencia de Martin Van Buren y cofundador del Instituto Nacional para la promoción de las Ciencias (organismo predecesor de la Instituto Smithsoniano), en su honor se nombró el Condado de Poinsett y la poinsetia, flor originaria de México conocida como flor de Nochebuena, asociada con la Navidad.r de Nochebuena, asociada con la Navidad.
, Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 mars 1779 – 12 dé … Joel Roberts Poinsett (2 mars 1779 – 12 décembre 1851) était un docteur, un botaniste, diplomate et un homme d'État américain. Il est le premier représentant américain officiel en Amérique du sud, également membre de la législature de la Caroline du Sud durant la (en). Il fait partie des unionistes, est Secrétaire à la Guerre des États-Unis sous la présidence de Martin Van Buren. Il est également le cofondateur du (en) (prédécésseur du Smithsonian Institution).(prédécésseur du Smithsonian Institution).
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, Joel Poinsett
|
