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| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract | Jacob Mantino, nascut com a Jacob ben Shem … Jacob Mantino, nascut com a Jacob ben Shemuel (Tortosa, Baix Ebre, 1490 - Roma?, o Damasc (Síria), 1549) fou un metge, rabí i filòsof jueu d'origen català que va practicar la medicina a Bolonya i a Venècia. Fill de Samuel Mantín, fill de Monzón, metge, rabí i conseller de l'aljama tortosina, ben aviat es veié obligat a abandonar la ciutat, juntament amb la seva família i tota la comunitat hebrea que no va acceptar rebre el bateig davant el decret d'expulsió promulgat pels Reis Catòlics en 1492. La seva família es va refugiar a Mantua i Jacob Mantino va créixer i es va educar a Itàlia, d'aquí la italianització del cognom. Va estudiar Filosofia i Medicina a la Universitat de Bolonya i a la Universitat de Pàdua. La seva trajectòria vital i professional va transcórrer a Bolonya, Verona, Veneçuela i Roma. Va ser metge de bisbes, cardenals, ambaixadors i altres destacats personatges, convertint-se, al mateix temps, en el seu protegit. A causa de la seva fama i saviesa, va gaudir de consideracions i privilegis que li van eximir dels inconvenients i desavantatges que patien altres persones per la seva condició hebrea. Jacob Mantino va ser un dels jueus més importants del segle xvi. A més de la pràctica de la medicina, Mantino va destacar per les grans qualitats d'un humanista, traductor i comentarista d'obres científiques i filosòfiques. Va passar la seva vida treballant per als mecenes cristians, ensenyant en institucions cristianes i traduint textos filosòfics i mèdics en llatí per als seus lectors cristians i llatins. Va proporcionar bones traduccions actualitzades de les principals autoritats àrabs i islàmiques sobre filosofia i medicina, Averroes i Avicena. A Bolonya feu imprimir, el 1526, una traducció llatina de la introducció de Maimònides al tractat Els principis dels pares. El 1532 es traslladà a Roma, on esdevingué metge del papa Pau III. Traduí diverses obres filosòfiques de l'hebreu al llatí. Cap al 1527, davant les guerres que assolaven Itàlia, Mantino va abandonar els Estats Pontificis i es va refugiar, primer, a Verona, per traslladar-se després, en 1528, a Venècia. El 1534 va rebre el càrrec de metge papal de mans del nou pontífex Pau III, així com posteriorment el de professor de Medicina de la Universitat de Roma La Sapienza, on va ser conegut com a Giacomo Ebreo. Aquest va ser el zenit de la seva carrera. Va romandre a Roma fins al 1544, en què va decidir tornar a Venècia. Es va distingir tant com a metge com per la seva erudició, afany de coneixement científic i dedicació al saber antic, tal com els humanistes de l'època. No va deixar obra original escrita coneguda, la seva producció intel·lectual es va centrar en la traducció d'obres científiques de l'hebreu i àrab al llatí, especialment tractats mèdics i filosòfics dels principals autors de l'època medieval, entre ells Maimónides, Averroes, Avicenna i Levi ben Gerson, així com en noves versions de clàssics grecs com Plató i Aristòtil. En 1549 es va traslladar a Damasc com a ambaixador de Venècia.adar a Damasc com a ambaixador de Venècia. , Jacob Mantino ben Samuel (died 1549) was a … Jacob Mantino ben Samuel (died 1549) was a Jewish scholar and Italian physician, known also as Mantinus. His parents—and perhaps Mantino himself—were natives of Tortosa, Spain, which place they left at the time of the banishment of the Jews from Spain (1492). Mantino studied medicine and philosophy at the universities of Padua and Bologna. Having graduated, he established himself at the latter place, and devoted his hours of leisure to the translation of scientific works from Hebrew into Latin. By these translations he soon acquired a high reputation, and he was befriended by the highest dignitaries of the court of Pope Clement VII. compelled Mantino to leave the Pontifical States. He settled at Verona, where the new bishop, Gian Matteo Giberti, protected him. In 1528, when Giberti left Verona for Rome, Mantino decided to settle at Venice, where the Council of Ten exempted him from wearing the Judenhut. This privilege was granted him, at first for a term of several months, upon the recommendation of the French and English ambassadors, the papal legate, and other dignitaries whom he numbered among his patients. At the expiration of the prescribed term Mantino found an influential protector in another of his patients, Teodoro Trivulzio, marshal of France and governor of Genoa; the latter, urging his own services to the Venetian Republic, insisted that the council should make the exemption perpetual. The efforts of Henry VIII of England to get rid of his wife Catherine on the pretext that their marriage was contrary to the Biblical law, and that the dispensation obtained from Pope Julius II was invalid, involved Mantino in difficulties. Henry sent Richard Croke to Italy in order to obtain opinions favorable to his case, and the latter addressed himself to Jewish as well as to Christian scholars. Pope Clement VII, in his turn, consulted Mantino, who decided against Henry. This decision created for Mantino many enemies in Venice, where Croke had won a favorable opinion from the famous physician and scholar , among others. Meanwhile, the Messianic dreamer Solomon Molcho, whom Mantino had energetically opposed while he was in Venice, went to Rome, followed by Mantino. Having many friends and protectors at the court of Clement VII, Mantino soon acquired great influence in Rome, which he employed in crushing Molcho. Mantino attained the zenith of his influence at the accession to the throne of Pope Paul III (1534), who appointed him his physician. This high position did not prevent Mantino from concerning himself with the affairs of the Jewish community of Rome, in whose records he appears as a member of the rabbinate, with the title "gaon." In 1544, for some unknown reason, Mantino returned to Venice, where again he was exempted from wearing the Jews' hat. Five years later he accompanied, as physician, the Venetian ambassador to Damascus, where he died soon after his arrival.cus, where he died soon after his arrival. |
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| rdfs:comment | Jacob Mantino ben Samuel (died 1549) was a … Jacob Mantino ben Samuel (died 1549) was a Jewish scholar and Italian physician, known also as Mantinus. His parents—and perhaps Mantino himself—were natives of Tortosa, Spain, which place they left at the time of the banishment of the Jews from Spain (1492). Mantino studied medicine and philosophy at the universities of Padua and Bologna. Having graduated, he established himself at the latter place, and devoted his hours of leisure to the translation of scientific works from Hebrew into Latin. By these translations he soon acquired a high reputation, and he was befriended by the highest dignitaries of the court of Pope Clement VII.nitaries of the court of Pope Clement VII. , Jacob Mantino, nascut com a Jacob ben Shemuel (Tortosa, Baix Ebre, 1490 - Roma?, o Damasc (Síria), 1549) fou un metge, rabí i filòsof jueu d'origen català que va practicar la medicina a Bolonya i a Venècia. |
| rdfs:label | Jacob Mantino , Jacob Mantino ben Samuel |
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