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Biotechnology is the application of scient … Biotechnology is the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents to provide goods and services. From its inception, biotechnology has maintained a close relationship with society. Although now most often associated with the development of drugs, historically biotechnology has been principally associated with food, addressing such issues as malnutrition and famine. The history of biotechnology begins with zymotechnology, which commenced with a focus on brewing techniques for beer. By World War I, however, zymotechnology would expand to tackle larger industrial issues, and the potential of industrial fermentation gave rise to biotechnology. However, both the single-cell protein and gasohol projects failed to progress due to varying issues including public resistance, a changing economic scene, and shifts in political power. Yet the formation of a new field, genetic engineering, would soon bring biotechnology to the forefront of science in society, and the intimate relationship between the scientific community, the public, and the government would ensue. These debates gained exposure in 1975 at the Asilomar Conference, where Joshua Lederberg was the most outspoken supporter for this emerging field in biotechnology. By as early as 1978, with the development of synthetic human insulin, Lederberg's claims would prove valid, and the biotechnology industry grew rapidly. Each new scientific advance became a media event designed to capture public support, and by the 1980s, biotechnology grew into a promising real industry. In 1988, only five proteins from genetically engineered cells had been approved as drugs by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but this number would skyrocket to over 125 by the end of the 1990s. The field of genetic engineering remains a heated topic of discussion in today's society with the advent of gene therapy, stem cell research, cloning, and genetically modified food. While it seems only natural nowadays to link pharmaceutical drugs as solutions to health and societal problems, this relationship of biotechnology serving social needs began centuries ago. serving social needs began centuries ago.
, اكتشف الطبيب الاغريقي ابقراط ان لحاء يزيل الم الصداع وبعض الالام الأخرى وقد استغرق اكتشاف المادة التي تسكن الالم قرونا طويلة
, Uno de los primeros usos de la biotecnolog … Uno de los primeros usos de la biotecnología y también uno de los más prácticos, es el cultivo de plantas para producir alimentos. La agricultura se convirtió en la principal forma de obtener alimentos a partir de la revolución del neolítico hace 10 o 12 mil años. Usando técnicas antiguas de biotecnología, los agricultores fueron capaces de seleccionar los cultivos más resistentes y con mejor rendimiento para producir alimentos suficientes para cada vez mayor población. Conforme la cantidad de alimentos obtenida en los cultivos se fue volviendo cada vez más grande y difícil de mantener, se requirieron otras técnicas biotecnológicas para mantenerlos y aprovecharlos, lo que dio origen a prácticas como la rotación de cultivos, el control de plagas, la domesticación de animales, la producción de cerveza y pan, etc., aunque no fue sino hasta muchos años después que descubrieran los principios que gobiernan cada una de estas técnicas. Un ejemplo de esto es el uso por parte de las civilizaciones modernas de organismos microscópicos que viven en la tierra para incrementar el rendimiento de los cultivos por medio de la rotación. No se sabía cómo funcionaba: Teofrasto, un griego antiguo que vivió hace 2300 años, sostenía que el frijol dejaba “magia” en la tierra, y tomó otros 2200 años antes de que otro químico francés sugiriera en 1885 que algunos organismos del suelo son capaces de “fijar” el nitrógeno atmosférico en una forma que las plantas pueden usar como fertilizante.las plantas pueden usar como fertilizante.
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Biotechnology is the application of scient … Biotechnology is the application of scientific and engineering principles to the processing of materials by biological agents to provide goods and services. From its inception, biotechnology has maintained a close relationship with society. Although now most often associated with the development of drugs, historically biotechnology has been principally associated with food, addressing such issues as malnutrition and famine. The history of biotechnology begins with zymotechnology, which commenced with a focus on brewing techniques for beer. By World War I, however, zymotechnology would expand to tackle larger industrial issues, and the potential of industrial fermentation gave rise to biotechnology. However, both the single-cell protein and gasohol projects failed to progress due to varyingprojects failed to progress due to varying
, Uno de los primeros usos de la biotecnolog … Uno de los primeros usos de la biotecnología y también uno de los más prácticos, es el cultivo de plantas para producir alimentos. La agricultura se convirtió en la principal forma de obtener alimentos a partir de la revolución del neolítico hace 10 o 12 mil años. Usando técnicas antiguas de biotecnología, los agricultores fueron capaces de seleccionar los cultivos más resistentes y con mejor rendimiento para producir alimentos suficientes para cada vez mayor población.suficientes para cada vez mayor población.
, اكتشف الطبيب الاغريقي ابقراط ان لحاء يزيل الم الصداع وبعض الالام الأخرى وقد استغرق اكتشاف المادة التي تسكن الالم قرونا طويلة
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تاريخ التقانة الحيوية
, History of biotechnology
, Historia de la biotecnología
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