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بدأ تاريخ السيخية (هي ديانة توحيدية دارمية … بدأ تاريخ السيخية (هي ديانة توحيدية دارمية نشأت في شمال الهند في نهاية القرن الخامس عشر) مع الغورو ناناك (مؤسس السيخية) كان أول معلم في القرن الخامس عشر في منطقة البنجاب شمال شبه القارة الهندية. أضفى الغورو جوبيند سينغ الطابع الرسمي على الممارسات الدينية (كان السيخي العاشر، سيد روحي، محارب، شاعر وفيلسوف) في 13 أبريل 1699. وعمد خمسة أشخاص من خلفيات اجتماعية مختلفة لتشكيل الخالصة (جسم أو منظمة السيخ وتأتي بمعنى أن تكون نقيًا، واضحًا، متحررًا، ويشير إلى المجتمع الذي يعد السيخية دينه). الخمسة الأوائل الأنقياء (هو الاسم الجماعي لرجال السيخ الخمسة). ثم عمد جوبيند سينغ جي في منظمة خالصة. هذا يعطي أمر أو منظمة خالصة تاريخًا من نحو 300 سنة. يرتبط تاريخ السيخية ارتباطًا وثيقًا بتاريخ منطقة البنجاب والوضع الاجتماعي السياسي في شمال غرب شبه القارة الهندية في القرن السادس عشر. منذ الحكم المغولي للهند على يد الإمبراطور جهانكير (1605-1707)، كانت السيخية في صراع مع قوانين إمبراطورية المغول، لأنها كانت تؤثر في التعاقب السياسي للمغول في حين تعتز بالأولياء من الإسلام. قُتل العديد من السيخ البارزين على يد حكام المغول لرفضهم الانصياع لأوامرهم، ومعارضتهم لاضطهاد السيخ. من مجموع 10 من الغورو السيخ، عُذب وأُعدم اثنان من المعلمين أنفسهم (الغورو أرجان والغورو تيغ بهادر)، وأقرباء مقربين للعديد من الغورو السيخ قُتلو بوحشية دون رحمة (مثل أبناء الغورو جوبيند سينغ البالغين من العمر 6 و9 سنوات)، إلى جانب العديد من الشخصيات الرئيسية الأخرى السيخية التي عُذبت وقُتلت (مثل باندا بهادور، بهاي ماتي داس، بهاي ساتي داس وباهاي ديالا)، على يد الحكام المغول المتجبرين لرفضهم الخضوع لأوامرهم، ومعارضتهم لاضطهاد السيخ والهندوس. بعد ذلك، عسكرت السيخية لمعارضة هيمنة المغول على أرضهم. تميّز ظهور الكونفدرالية السيخية تحت حكم الأمراء والسيخ تحت حكم المهراجا رانجيت سينغ بالتسامح الديني والتعايش السلمي والتعددية مع المسيحيين والمسلمين والهندوس في مواقع السلطة. يعد تأسيس إمبراطورية السيخ عادةً ذروة السيخية على المستوى السياسي، خلال هذه الفترة جاءت إمبراطورية السيخ لتشمل كشمير (أقصى شمال شبه القارة الهندية)، ولداخ (إقليم اتحادي تديره الهند)، وبيشاور (هي عاصمة مقاطعة خيبر بختونخوا الباكستانية وأكبر مدنها). اعتنق عدد من الفلاحين المسلمين والهندوس السيخية. أخذ هاري سينغ نالوا، القائد العام لجيش السيخ على طول الحدود الشمالية الغربية، حدود إمبراطورية السيخ إلى مصب ممر خيبر (هو ممر جبلي في شمال غرب باكستان، على الحدود مع أفغانستان). دمجت الإدارة العلمانية لإمبراطورية السيخ إصلاحات عسكرية واقتصادية وحكومية مبتكرة. شهدت الأشهر التي سبقت تقسيم الهند (تقسيم الهند البريطانية إلى دولتين مستقلتين، الهند وباكستان) سنة 1947، صراعًا حادًا في البنجاب (منطقة جيوسياسية وثقافية وتاريخية في جنوب آسيا، تحديدًا شمال شبه القارة الهندية، وتضم مناطق في شرق باكستان وشمال الهند) بين السيخ والمسلمين، شهدت الهجرة الدينية الفعالة للسيخ البنجاب والهندوس من البنجاب الغربية (هي المقاطعة الأكثر اكتظاظًا بالسكان في باكستان) مقابل هجرة دينية مماثلة للمسلمين البنجاب في شرق البنجاب (هي ولاية في شمال الهند، تشكل جزءًا من منطقة البنجاب الأكبر في شبه القارة الهندية). في الوقت الحاضر، يعيش غالبية السيخ في ولاية البنجاب في الهند.يش غالبية السيخ في ولاية البنجاب في الهند.
, Guru Nanak founded the Sikh faith in the P … Guru Nanak founded the Sikh faith in the Punjab region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, and present-day Pakistan, in the end of fifteenth century. He was first of the ten Sikh Gurus. The tenth, Guru Gobind Singh, formalised its practices on 13 April 1699. He baptised five Sikh people from different parts of India, with different social backgrounds, to form Khalsa (ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ). Those five Beloved Ones, the Pañj Piārē, then baptised him into the Khalsa fold. This gives the order of Khalsa a history of around 500 years. The history of the Sikh faith is closely associated with the history of Punjab and the socio-political situation in the north-west of the Indian subcontinent in the 17th century. From the rule of India by the Mughal Emperor Jahangir (r. 1605–1627), Sikhism came into conflict with Mughal laws, because they were affecting political successions of Mughals while cherishing saints from Islam. Mughal rulers killed many prominent Sikhs for refusing to obey their orders, and for opposing the persecution of Sikhs. Of the total ten Sikh gurus, two, Guru Arjan Dev and Guru Tegh Bahadur, were tortured and executed, and close kin of several gurus (such as the seven and nine-year old sons of Guru Gobind Singh), were brutally killed, along with numerous other main revered figures of Sikhism (such as Banda Bahadur (1716), Bhai Mati Das, Bhai Sati Das and Bhai Dayala), who were also tortured and killed by Mughal rulers for refusing their orders, and for opposing the persecution of Sikhs and Hindus. Subsequently, Sikhism militarised itself to oppose Mughal hegemony. The emergence of the Sikh Confederacy under the misls and Sikh Empire under the reign of the Maharajah Ranjit Singh (r. 1792–1839) was characterised by religious tolerance and pluralism with Christians, Muslims and Hindus in positions of power. The establishment of the Sikh Empire in 1799 is commonly considered the zenith of Sikhism in the political sphere, during its existence (from 1799 to 1849) the Sikh Empire came to include Kashmir, Ladakh, and Peshawar. A number of Muslim and Hindu peasants converted to Sikhism.Hari Singh Nalwa, the Commander-in-chief of the Sikh army along the northwest Frontier from 1825 to 1837, took the boundary of the Sikh Empire to the very mouth of the Khyber Pass. The Sikh Empire's secular administration integrated innovative military, economic and governmental reforms. Sikh organizations, including the Chief Khalsa Dewan and Shiromani Akali Dal led by Master Tara Singh, strongly opposed the partition of India, viewing the possibility of the creation of Pakistan as inviting persecution. The months leading up to the partition of India in 1947, saw heavy conflict in the Punjab between Sikhs and Muslims, which saw the effective religious migration of Punjabi Sikhs and Hindus from West Punjab and mirrored a similar religious migration of Punjabi Muslims from East Punjab. Currently, most Sikhs live in the Punjab state of India.t Sikhs live in the Punjab state of India.
, L'Histoire du sikhisme commence au XVe siè … L'Histoire du sikhisme commence au XVe siècle lorsque le premier des dix gourous de cette religion, Guru Nanak, créait cette pensée. Elle a été ensuite établie dans le temps par Guru Gobind Singh le 30 mars 1699 lorsqu'il a par le premier baptême (l'Amrit Sanskar) de la foi sikhe mis en place l'ordre du khalsa; le mouvement venait de faire des pas décisifs. Le sikhisme était désormais lié à l'histoire du Pendjab et à la situation socio-culturelle de l'Inde médiévale jusqu'à nos jours. Le mot sikh vient du sankrit shyshia qui signifie disciple. Aujourd'hui il y a environ 23 millions de sikhs sur terre, principalement au Pendjab, ce qui fait du sikhisme la cinquième religion au monde, bien qu'elle soit la plus jeune.au monde, bien qu'elle soit la plus jeune.
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بدأ تاريخ السيخية (هي ديانة توحيدية دارمية … بدأ تاريخ السيخية (هي ديانة توحيدية دارمية نشأت في شمال الهند في نهاية القرن الخامس عشر) مع الغورو ناناك (مؤسس السيخية) كان أول معلم في القرن الخامس عشر في منطقة البنجاب شمال شبه القارة الهندية. أضفى الغورو جوبيند سينغ الطابع الرسمي على الممارسات الدينية (كان السيخي العاشر، سيد روحي، محارب، شاعر وفيلسوف) في 13 أبريل 1699. وعمد خمسة أشخاص من خلفيات اجتماعية مختلفة لتشكيل الخالصة (جسم أو منظمة السيخ وتأتي بمعنى أن تكون نقيًا، واضحًا، متحررًا، ويشير إلى المجتمع الذي يعد السيخية دينه). الخمسة الأوائل الأنقياء (هو الاسم الجماعي لرجال السيخ الخمسة). ثم عمد جوبيند سينغ جي في منظمة خالصة. هذا يعطي أمر أو منظمة خالصة تاريخًا من نحو 300 سنة.أمر أو منظمة خالصة تاريخًا من نحو 300 سنة.
, Guru Nanak founded the Sikh faith in the P … Guru Nanak founded the Sikh faith in the Punjab region of the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, and present-day Pakistan, in the end of fifteenth century. He was first of the ten Sikh Gurus. The tenth, Guru Gobind Singh, formalised its practices on 13 April 1699. He baptised five Sikh people from different parts of India, with different social backgrounds, to form Khalsa (ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ). Those five Beloved Ones, the Pañj Piārē, then baptised him into the Khalsa fold. This gives the order of Khalsa a history of around 500 years.r of Khalsa a history of around 500 years.
, L'Histoire du sikhisme commence au XVe siè … L'Histoire du sikhisme commence au XVe siècle lorsque le premier des dix gourous de cette religion, Guru Nanak, créait cette pensée. Elle a été ensuite établie dans le temps par Guru Gobind Singh le 30 mars 1699 lorsqu'il a par le premier baptême (l'Amrit Sanskar) de la foi sikhe mis en place l'ordre du khalsa; le mouvement venait de faire des pas décisifs. Le sikhisme était désormais lié à l'histoire du Pendjab et à la situation socio-culturelle de l'Inde médiévale jusqu'à nos jours. Le mot sikh vient du sankrit shyshia qui signifie disciple. Aujourd'hui il y a environ 23 millions de sikhs sur terre, principalement au Pendjab, ce qui fait du sikhisme la cinquième religion au monde, bien qu'elle soit la plus jeune.au monde, bien qu'elle soit la plus jeune.
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, History of Sikhism
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