| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract
|
Der Begriff Heidenverfolgung bezeichnet di … Der Begriff Heidenverfolgung bezeichnet die gewaltsame Durchsetzung sogenannter Buch- oder Offenbarungsreligionen wie dem Christentum oder dem Islam. Die verwendeten Mittel reichen von Druck wie Ausschluss von öffentlichen Ämtern bis zur physischen Vernichtung von Personen oder kultureller Überlieferung.n Personen oder kultureller Überlieferung.
, تضمن تاريخ الفكر المسيحي مفاهيمًا حول الشم … تضمن تاريخ الفكر المسيحي مفاهيمًا حول الشمولية والحصرية منذ بدايته، فُهمت تلك المفاهيم وطُبقت بصورة مختلفة في عصور مختلفة، وأدت إلى ممارسات اضطهادية وتسامحية. أسس الفكر المسيحي المبكر الهوية المسيحية وعرّف الهرطقة وعزل نفسه عن تعدد الآلهة واليهودية واخترع الاستبدالية. في القرون بعد أن أصبحت المسيحية الديانة الرئيسية في روما، يقول بعض العلماء إن المسيحية أصبحت دينًا اضطهاديًا، بينما يقول آخرون إن التغيير نحو القيادة المسيحية لم يسبب اضطهادًا موضوعيًا للوثنيين. بعد سقوط الإمبراطورية الرومانية، ركز الفكر المسيحي على المحافظة أكثر من التأصيل. تتمثل هذه الفترة الفكرية بغريغوري العظيم والقديس بينديكت والقوط الإسبانيين والمخطوطات الرسومية والتقدم في الرعاية الطبية عبر الرهبان. رغم أن جذور الاستبدالية والقرار يمكن أن تُرجع إلى القرن الثاني من الفكر المسيحي، عاش يهود العصور الوسطى بسلام إلى جانب جيرانهم المسيحيين بسبب تعاليم أوغسطينوس أنهم يجب أن يُتركوا بسلام. في العصور الوسطى المبكرة، تحول الفكر المسيحي حول الجيش والتدخل في الحروب ليتوافق مع الصليبيين من خلال اختراع المروءة والمراتب الرهبانية الجديدة المكرسة لها. لم يوجد مسلك واحد للفكر المسيحي خلال أغلب العصور الوسطى إذ كانت الكنيسة ديمقراطية بصورة كبيرة وكل نظام كان يمتلك عقيدته الخاصة. كانت العصور الوسطى العليا محوريةً في الثقافة الأوروبية والفكر المسيحي. بدأ الملوك الإقطاعيون بتأسيس الأرضية لما سيصبح أممًا بسلطة مركزية. امتلكوا السلطة من خلال أدوات متعددة بما في ذلك الاضطهاد. لعب الفكر المسيحي دورًا داعمًا كما فعل الليتراتي، وهم مجموعة من الإنتلجنسيا الطموحين الذين كانوا يزدرون من يرون أنهم تحتهم، وذلك من خلال التبرير اللفظي لتلك الأساليب والأفعال. ساهم ذلك في نقطة تحول في العلاقات المسيحية اليهودية في العقد الأول من القرن الثالث عشر. أصبحت الهرطقة مسألةً دينية وسياسية واجتماعية ما أدى إلى عصيان مدني ومحاكم تفتيش العصور الوسطى. تُرى الحملة الصليبية على الكِثار من قبل الكثيرين بصفتها دليلًا على النزوع المسيحي لعدم التسامح والاضطهاد، بينما يقول علماء آخرون إنها أطلِقت من قبل السلطات العلمانية من أجل مصالحهم الخاصة. تميزت العصور الوسطى المتأخرة بانخفاض للسلطة البابوية وتأثير الكنيسة مع تكييف للسلطة العلمانية التي أصبحت وجهًا متزايدًا للفكر المسيحي. شُكلت محاكم التفتيش المعاصرة في العصور الوسطى المتأخرة بطلب خاص من ملوك إسبانيا والبرتغال. بينما حدّت محاكم تفتيش العصور الوسطى من السلطة والتأثير، سُلبت سلطات المحكمة المقدسة، ومُددت وضُخمت من خلال سلطة الدولة لتصبح أحد أقوى المحركات للتدمير التي وجدت على الإطلاق. خلال الحملات الصليبية الشمالية، تحول الفكر المسيحي حول التحول إلى المسيحية إلى تقبل براغماتي للتحول الذي يُحصل عليه من خلال الضغط السياسي أو الإكراه العسكري رغم أن علماء اللاهوت في تلك الفترة استمروا بالكتابة أن التحول نحو المسيحية يجب أن يكون طوعيًا. بحلول وقت الإصلاح المبكر (1400-1600)، كانت القناعة، التي تطورت بين البروتستانتيين الأوائل أن ريادة مفاهيم الحرية الدينية والتسامح الديني، ضروريةً. يقول العلماء إن التسامح لم يكن أسلوبًا معتنقًا على نطاق واسع لمجتمع بكامله وليس حتى في المجتمعات الغربية وأن هناك أشخاص قليلين مميزين، تاريخيًا، حاربوا من أجله. في الغرب، ساندت شخصيات الإصلاح المسيحي ولاحقًا إنلتجنسيا التنوير، من أجل التسامح في القرن السابق وخلال وبعد الإصلاح نحو التنوير. يوافق المعاصرون المسيحيون عمومًا أن التسامح مفضّل على الصراع، وأن الهرطقة والانشقاق لا تستحق العقاب. بعيدًا عن هذا، انتشر الاضطهاد الممنهج المدعوم حكوميًا للأقليات، المُخترع في الغرب في العصور الوسطى العليا للإمساك بالسلطة، نحو باقي العالم. يشير علم الاجتماع أن التسامح والاضطهاد هما منتجان للسياق وللهوية الجمعية أكثر مما يكونان أيديولوجية.للهوية الجمعية أكثر مما يكونان أيديولوجية.
, The history of Christian thought has inclu … The history of Christian thought has included concepts of both inclusivity and exclusivity from its beginnings, that have been understood and applied differently in different ages, and have led to practices of both persecution and toleration. Early Christian thought established Christian identity, defined heresy, separated itself from polytheism and Judaism and invented supersessionism. In the centuries after Christianity became the official religion of Rome, some scholars say Christianity became a persecuting religion. Others say the change to Christian leadership did not cause a persecution of pagans, and that what little violence occurred was primarily directed at non-orthodox Christians. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Christian thought focused more on preservation than origination. This era of thought is exemplified by Gregory the Great, Saint Benedict, Visigothic Spain, illustrated manuscripts, and progress in medical care through monks. Although the roots of supersessionism and deicide can be traced to some second century Christian thought, Jews of the Middle Ages lived mostly peacefully alongside their Christian neighbors because of Augustine of Hippo's teaching that they should be left alone. In the Early Middle Ages, Christian thought on the military and involvement in war shifted to accommodate the crusades by inventing chivalry and new monastic orders dedicated to it. There was no single thread of Christian thought throughout most of the Middle Ages as the church was largely democratic and each order had its own doctrine. The High Middle Ages were pivotal in both European culture and Christian thought. Feudal kings began to lay the foundation of what would become their modern nations by centralizing power. They gained power through multiple means including persecution. Christian thought played a supportive role, as did the literati, a group of ambitious intellectuals who had contempt for those they thought beneath them, by verbally legitimizing those attitudes and actions. This contributed to a turning point in Judeo-Christian relations in the 1200s. Heresy became a religious, political, and social issue which led to civil disorder and the Medieval Inquisitions. The Albigensian Crusade is seen by many as evidence of Christianity's propensity for intolerance and persecution, while other scholars say it was conducted by the secular powers for their own ends. The Late Middle Ages are marked by a decline of papal power and church influence with accommodation to secular power becoming more and more of an aspect of Christian thought. The modern Inquisitions were formed in the Late Middle Ages at the special request of the Spanish and Portuguese sovereigns. Where the medieval inquisitions had limited power and influence, the powers of the modern "Holy Tribunal" were taken over, extended and enlarged by the power of the state into "one of the most formidable engines of destruction which ever existed." During the Northern Crusades, Christian thought on conversion shifted to a pragmatic acceptance of conversion obtained through political pressure or military coercion even though theologians of the period continued to write that conversion must be voluntary. By the time of the early Reformation (1400–1600), the conviction developed among the early Protestants that pioneering the concepts of religious freedom and religious toleration was necessary. Scholars say tolerance has never been an attitude broadly espoused by an entire society, not even western societies, and that only a few outstanding individuals, historically, have truly fought for it. In the West, Christian reformation figures, and later Enlightenment intellectuals, advocated for tolerance in the century preceding, during, and after the Reformation and into the Enlightenment. Contemporary Christians generally agree that tolerance is preferable to conflict, and that heresy and dissent are not deserving of punishment. Despite that, the systematized government-supported persecution of minorities invented in the West in the High Middle Ages for garnering power to the state has spread throughout the world. Sociology indicates tolerance and persecution are products of context and group identity more than ideology.ext and group identity more than ideology.
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/thumbnail
|
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Constantine_multiple_CdM_Beistegui_233.jpg?width=300 +
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageExternalLink
|
https://archive.org/details/firstprejudi_xxxx_2011_000_10578358 +
, https://archive.org/details/ofreligionempire00unse +
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageID
|
4746031
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageLength
|
167061
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageRevisionID
|
1122337956
|
| http://dbpedia.org/ontology/wikiPageWikiLink
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Patrick_Wormald +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Blessed_Eugenius_III +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Michael_Servetus +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Seekers +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Baptism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Religious_sister_%28Catholic%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Michele_R._Salzman +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Transubstantiation +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cautio_Criminalis +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Richard_Swinburn +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Edmund_Campion +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Holy_Roman_empire +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/David_Joris +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Roger_Williams_%28theologian%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/First_Crusade +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/David_Nirenberg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Criticism_of_Christianity +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Millennialism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Israel +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Temporal_power_of_the_Holy_See +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Western_Christianity +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Peter_Leithart +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Christian_denominations +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Rebecca +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chivalry +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dominican_Order +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Franks +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Eschatology +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Religious_discrimination +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Demonology +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Martin_Bucer +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jean_Markale +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Stuart_Clark_%28philosopher/historian%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/T._F._Mayer +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/S:Bible_%28World_English%29/Revelation +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Stephen_O%27Shea +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cathars +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dignitatis_humanae +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/W_A_Sibly +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Council_of_Constance +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Christopher_Tyerman +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jeremy_Taylor +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Heterodoxy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Human_rights +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/In_necessariis_unitas%2C_in_dubiis_libertas%2C_in_omnibus_caritas +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gaul +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dirck_Coornhurt +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Church_of_England +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Elaine_Graham-Leigh +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Cartes_Occitanie.png +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Walter_Kaiser_Jr. +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Christopher_Leighton +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Giles_Constable +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Iben_Fonnesberg-Schmidt +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/R.I._Moore +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/J._H._Mundy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alexandria +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Giuseppe_Marcocci +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Helen_Rawlings +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Michelle_Mack +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Old_Prussian +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mihai_Dragnea +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jos%C3%A9_Cassanova +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/M_D_Sibly +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Devotio_Moderna +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Politicorum_libri_sex +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Thomas_Jefferson +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alain_Le_Boulluec +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/S:Bible_%28World_English%29/Genesis +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Norman_Roth +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Padraic_O%27Hare +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Deicide +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Thomas_Bilson +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Samuel_Fisher_%28quaker%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Heresy_in_Christianity +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Portuguese_inquisition +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Peasants_War +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Late_Middle_Ages +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Emile_Durkheim +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Eon_de_l%27Etoile +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Abrahamic_religions +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Anna_Sapir_Abulafia +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Gager +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Papal_monarchy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Frith_%28martyr%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Religion +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gregory_of_Nazianus +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bruce_L._McCormack +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Bloudy_Tenent_of_Persecution +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Homogeneity_and_heterogeneity +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mitchell_Merback +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Massacre_of_Verden +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Edmund_Ludlow +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Geoffrey_S._Smith +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Limpieza_de_sangre +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jacobus_Acontius +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Widukind +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Paul_the_Apostle +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Orthodoxy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Angeliki_Laiou +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charles_Martel +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Confessions_%28Augustine%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Monarchy_of_Spain +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Martin_Luther +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/14th_century +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pope_Gregory_I +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Vatican_II +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gregory_IX +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Lippe +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/First_Apology_of_Justin_Martyr +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Eric_Christiansen +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chronicon +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dominican_friars +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alcuin +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leonard_P._Zakim +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Richard_Perrinchief +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/English_Revolution +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Areopagitica +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Steven_Runciman +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bernardino_Ochino +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Laurence_Marvin +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Age_of_Enlightenment +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Deism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/William_of_Tyre +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pope_Gregory_IV +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Monasticism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Feudalism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Puritans +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bernard_D%C3%A9licieux +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/A._G._Dickens +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Thomas_Aquinas +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Old_Testament +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Blood_libel +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Demonization +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Justin_Martyr +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pope_Gregory_X +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Huldrych_Zwingli +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Christianity_in_the_4th_century +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Romani_people +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tomas_de_Torquemada +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Friedrich_Spee +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Weser +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bubonic_plague +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Anti-Judaism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Asia_Minor +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Christianization +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Supersessionism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Joseph_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Thomas_Helwys +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/European_culture +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Conversion_to_Christianity +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Clergy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Paulus_Vladimiri +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Philip_II_of_France +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Atheism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Peace_of_Westphalia +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Athanasius_of_Alexandria +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Diocletian_persecution +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bar_Kokhba_revolt +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Yoram_Dinstein +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Assize_of_Arms_of_1252 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/James_I_of_England +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Brother_%28Christian%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Philipp_Melanchthon +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Catholic_Church +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pope_John_XXII +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ambrose +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Edict_of_Milan +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Liberalism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/History_of_Christianity +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Religious_toleration +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Inquisitorial_system +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Antisemitism_in_Christianity +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Leprosy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Religious_persecution +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Thomas_Collier_%28Unitarian%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pope_Innocent_III +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Racial_antisemitism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jonas_Proast +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gay_sexual_practices +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Witchcraft +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gavin_I._Langmuir +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Reformation +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alan_Cameron_%28classical_scholar%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Deviance_%28sociology%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Roman_Inquisition +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Justus_Lipsius +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Illuminated_manuscript +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Polytheism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Augustine_of_Hippo +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pope_Boniface_VIII +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Henry_Chadwick_%28theologian%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pope_John_Paul_II +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hermeneutics +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Great_Famine_of_1315%E2%80%931317 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Constantinian_shift +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Foxe +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Franciscans +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alan_Charles_Kors +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cistercian +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Baptist +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pope_Alexander_III +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ben-Zion_Dinur +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Chrysostom +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Hales_%28theologian%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gilbert_Burnet +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Europe +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Walter_Ullmann +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Roman_people +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/James_Harrington_%28author%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Medieval_Inquisition +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Saint_Naum +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Women +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Summa_Theologica +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Benedict_of_Nursia +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jerome +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Karl_Barth +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_XXII +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spanish_Inquisition +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Basil_of_Caesarea +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Georgius_Calixtus +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Stereotype +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fourth_Lateran_Council +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Middle_Ages +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Christendom +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/On_the_Jews_and_their_Lies +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Frederick_II_of_Prussia +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Antisemitism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Holocaust +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Postmodernism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Origen +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Calvin +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jonathan_Sumption%2C_Lord_Sumption +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Canon_Episcopi +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Marianne_S%C3%A1ghy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Christianity_and_violence +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Roman_Catholic_Church +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Religious_persecution +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Expulsion_judios-en.svg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Peter_Brown_%28historian%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/New_Testament +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Antoninus_Pius +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Samuel_Richardson_%28Baptist%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Levellers +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Isaac +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Europe_814.svg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Catharism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Syria +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sedition +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Toland +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Courtney_Murray +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/History_of_Christian_theology +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Capital_punishment +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Roman_Empire +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Scotus_Eriugena +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/English_Dissenters +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Social_stigma +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_North_%28historian%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Guy_Stroumsa +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bernard_of_Clairvaux +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Montpellier +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pope_Leo_XIII +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Inquisition +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sodomy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Judaism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bohemian_Reformation +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Northern_Crusades +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Neo-orthodoxy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Herbert_Thorndike +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Constantine_I +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Charlemagne +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Basilicas +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wazo_of_Li%C3%A8ge +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/William_Walwyn +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Catholic_church +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Donatism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Breviary_of_Alaric +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Protestantism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Voltaire +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Kingdom_of_Germany +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Oldcastle_Revolt +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Little_Saint_Hugh_of_Lincoln +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Patent_of_Toleration +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Battle_of_the_Milvian_Bridge +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Francis_of_Assissi +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Saxons +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gregory_of_Nyssa +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jonathan_Riley-Smith +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wends +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Justo_L._Gonz%C3%A1lez +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Manichaeans +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Talmud +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jews +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pope_Gregory_IX +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Wycliffe +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jean_de_Beaune +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/History_of_antisemitism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Tillotson +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jacob_and_Esau +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Breach_of_the_peace +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Salvation_in_Christianity +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Locke +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Milton +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/William_Penn +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Clement_of_Ohrid +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Arian_controversy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Constantine_multiple_CdM_Beistegui_233.jpg +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Steinfeld_Abbey +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Mino_Celsi +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Augustinians +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Evangelical_Lutheran +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/First_Council_of_Nicaea +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Alterity +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Henry_Robinson_%28writer%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/George_Garnett +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/France +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Adversus_Judaeos +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jan_Hus +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Anthony_Ashley-Cooper%2C_1st_Earl_of_Shaftesbury +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Algernon_Sidney +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Rupertus_Meldenius +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Early_Middle_Ages +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/High_Middle_Ages +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Carl_Erdmann +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Persecution_by_Christians +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Order_of_St._Augustine +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Carthage +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Roger_E._Olson +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Christianity_and_violence +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Act_of_Toleration_1689 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/General_Baptists +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Paganism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/R._I._Moore +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Burchard_of_Worms +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Universality_%28philosophy%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Konrad_Repgen +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Philip_IV_of_France +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Anabaptism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Henry_More +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Religious_freedom +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Germany +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Caedite_eos._Novit_enim_Dominus_qui_sunt_eius. +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/English_Reformation +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/World_War_II +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Irenaeus +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Reformed_Church +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jeffrey_Burton_Russell +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cologne +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Albigensian_Crusade +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/James_A._Brundage +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Visigothic_Kingdom +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Monk +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sebastian_Castellio +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Goodwin_%28preacher%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Licinius +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Richard_Overton_%28pamphleteer%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Colin_Gunton +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Act_of_Supremacy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gay +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Priscillian +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Arnaud_Amalric +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Usury +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Third_Lateran_Council +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/John_Wildman +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Christianity_and_Judaism +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tertullian +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Health_care +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Council_of_Toulouse +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Jerusalem +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Rule_of_Saint_Benedict +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Freedom_of_religion +
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/wikiPageUsesTemplate
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Rp +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Reflist +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:TOC_limit +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Good_article +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Broader +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Notelist +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Christian_History +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Historical_Christian_theology +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Snd +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:R +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Short_description +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Bibleverse +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Efn +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Religious_persecution +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Div_col +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Div_col_end +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:%27%22 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Cite_book +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:See +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:See_also +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:RP +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Main +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Ill +
|
| http://purl.org/dc/terms/subject
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Christianization +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Persecution_by_Christians +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Christianity_and_violence +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Religious_persecution +
|
| http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#wasDerivedFrom
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christian_thought_on_persecution_and_tolerance?oldid=1122337956&ns=0 +
|
| http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/depiction
|
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Expulsion_judios-en.svg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Europe_814.svg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Cartes_Occitanie.png +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Constantine_multiple_CdM_Beistegui_233.jpg +
, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Baltic_Tribes_c_1200.svg +
|
| http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/isPrimaryTopicOf
|
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Christian_thought_on_persecution_and_tolerance +
|
| owl:sameAs |
http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q1594225 +
, https://global.dbpedia.org/id/bLHE +
, http://de.dbpedia.org/resource/Heidenverfolgung +
, http://ar.dbpedia.org/resource/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%B7%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AD +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/History_of_Christian_thought_on_persecution_and_tolerance +
|
| rdfs:comment |
تضمن تاريخ الفكر المسيحي مفاهيمًا حول الشم … تضمن تاريخ الفكر المسيحي مفاهيمًا حول الشمولية والحصرية منذ بدايته، فُهمت تلك المفاهيم وطُبقت بصورة مختلفة في عصور مختلفة، وأدت إلى ممارسات اضطهادية وتسامحية. أسس الفكر المسيحي المبكر الهوية المسيحية وعرّف الهرطقة وعزل نفسه عن تعدد الآلهة واليهودية واخترع الاستبدالية. في القرون بعد أن أصبحت المسيحية الديانة الرئيسية في روما، يقول بعض العلماء إن المسيحية أصبحت دينًا اضطهاديًا، بينما يقول آخرون إن التغيير نحو القيادة المسيحية لم يسبب اضطهادًا موضوعيًا للوثنيين.مسيحية لم يسبب اضطهادًا موضوعيًا للوثنيين.
, The history of Christian thought has inclu … The history of Christian thought has included concepts of both inclusivity and exclusivity from its beginnings, that have been understood and applied differently in different ages, and have led to practices of both persecution and toleration. Early Christian thought established Christian identity, defined heresy, separated itself from polytheism and Judaism and invented supersessionism. In the centuries after Christianity became the official religion of Rome, some scholars say Christianity became a persecuting religion. Others say the change to Christian leadership did not cause a persecution of pagans, and that what little violence occurred was primarily directed at non-orthodox Christians.arily directed at non-orthodox Christians.
, Der Begriff Heidenverfolgung bezeichnet di … Der Begriff Heidenverfolgung bezeichnet die gewaltsame Durchsetzung sogenannter Buch- oder Offenbarungsreligionen wie dem Christentum oder dem Islam. Die verwendeten Mittel reichen von Druck wie Ausschluss von öffentlichen Ämtern bis zur physischen Vernichtung von Personen oder kultureller Überlieferung.n Personen oder kultureller Überlieferung.
|
| rdfs:label |
Heidenverfolgung
, تاريخ الفكر المسيحي حول الاضطهاد والتسامح
, History of Christian thought on persecution and tolerance
|
| rdfs:seeAlso |
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Little_ice_age +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Massacre_of_Verden +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Crusades +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Circumcellions +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Constantinian_shift +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Avignon_papacy +
|
