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A six-week abortion ban or early abortion … A six-week abortion ban or early abortion ban, called a "heartbeat bill" or "fetal heartbeat bill" by proponents, is a form of abortion restriction legislation in the United States. These bans make abortion illegal as early as six weeks gestational age (two or three weeks into a pregnancy), which is when proponents claim that a "fetal heartbeat" can be detected. Medical and reproductive health experts, including the American Medical Association and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, say that the reference to a fetal heartbeat is medically inaccurate and intentionally misleading because a conceptus is not called a fetus until after ten weeks of pregnancy, before which the proper term is an embryo, as well as that at six weeks the embryo has no heart, which at that stage is only a group of cells which will become a heart. Medical professionals advise that a true fetal heartbeat cannot be detected until around 17 to 20 weeks of gestation when the chambers of the heart have become sufficiently developed. Janet Porter, an anti-abortion activist from Ohio, is considered to be the person that first authored this type of legislation. Efforts to introduce her model law succeeded in passing through political branches of government in about a dozen states, but in most cases the courts struck down or blocked similar legislation. However, the Texas law and analogues subsequently adopted in other states succeeded due to a unique enforcement mechanism that makes challenging the law extremely difficult, and which was upheld by the Supreme Court. In some states, the heartbeat bills' effect (whether blocked or not) has been minimized by more stringent total abortion bans that were announced following the decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization; in other states, such as Ohio, South Carolina and Tennessee, judges lifted the injunctions against the previously passed laws. Anti-abortion groups argue that heartbeat "is the universally recognized indicator of life" and as such must be protected. Reproductive rights advocates, on the other hand, say that these bans are de facto complete abortion bans, since many women do not even know that they are pregnant six weeks after their last menstruation, which is four weeks post-fertilization.n, which is four weeks post-fertilization.
, حظر الإجهاض بعد الأسبوع السادس من الحمل أو … حظر الإجهاض بعد الأسبوع السادس من الحمل أو حظر الإجهاض المبكر، يطلق عليه المؤيدون له «مشروع قانون نبض القلب» أو «مشروع قانون نبض قلب الجنين»، وهو صيغة من صيغ تشريع القيود على الإجهاض في الولايات المتحدة. يجعل هذا الحظر الإجهاض غير قانوني بعد الأسبوع السادس من الحمل، وهو الوقت الذي يزعم المؤيدون له أنه يمكن فيه سماع «نبضات قلب الجنين». تعتبر جانيت بورتر، ناشطة مناهضة للإجهاض من أوهايو، أول شخص وضع هذا النوع من التشريعات. نجحت جهودها في الحصول على موافقة على قانونها النموذجي في فروع حكومية سياسية في نحو عشر ولايات، لكن المحاكم كانت في معظم الحالات تلغي أو تعيق هكذا تشريع. من ناحية ثانية، فإن قانون تكساس، وما اعتمد لاحقًا من قوانين في ولايات أخرى، نجح بفضل آلية تنفيذ فريدة جعلت من الاعتراض على القانون أمرًا بالغ الصعوبة، وهو ما أيدته المحكمة العليا. أصبح تأثير مشروع قانون نبض القلب في بعض الولايات (سواء تم حظره أم لا) أقل من خلال إعلان حظر كلي أكثر صرامة للإجهاض بعد إصدار قرار قضية دوبس ضد منظمة صحة المرأة جاكسون؛ وفي ولايات أخرى مثل أوهايو وكارولينا الجنوبية وتينيسي، أصدر الحكام أوامر منع تقييدية للقوانين التي تم إقرارها سابقًا. تجادل المجموعات المناهضة للإجهاض أن نبض القلب «هو المؤشر المعترف به عالميًا على الحياة» وبالتالي يجب حمايته. من ناحية أخرى، فإن المدافعين عن حقوق الإنجاب يقولون إن هذا الحظر يعتبر في الواقع حظر كامل للإجهاض لأن العديد من النساء لا يعرفن أنهن حوامل إلا بعد ستة أسابيع من آخر حيض، أي بعد أربعة أسابيع من التخصيب. قال خبراء الصحة الإنجابية والطبية، بما في ذلك الجمعية الطبية الأمريكية والكلية الأمريكية لأطباء النساء والتوليد، إن الاستشهاد بنبضات قلب الجنين ليس دقيقًا طبيًا ويتعمد التضليل، لأن البويضة لا تسمى جنينًا إلا بعد عشرة أسابيع من الحمل، وقبل ذلك تسمى مضغة، إضافة إلى ذلك فإن المضغة في عمر الستة أسابيع لا يكون لها قلب، وتكون في ذلك الحين فقط عبارة عن مجموعة من الخلايا التي ستتحول إلى قلب. يتشكل القلب بصورة كافية لنكون قادرين على سماع نبضات قلب جنين حقيقي بين الأسبوع 17-20 من الحمل.قلب جنين حقيقي بين الأسبوع 17-20 من الحمل.
, Les lois sur les pulsations cardiaques du … Les lois sur les pulsations cardiaques du fœtus (fetal heartbeat bill ou heartbeat bill en anglais) sont des types de lois, aux États-Unis, visant à restreindre la pratique de l'interruption volontaire de grossesse à la période précédant la détection de la première activité cardiaque de l'embryon. Les pulsations cardiaques de l'embryon étant généralement détectées à partir de six semaines de grossesse, ces lois sont de facto des lois anti-avortement. Le terme de « fœtus », bien qu'incorrect médicalement puisqu'on utilise le terme d'« embryon » avant dix semaines, est cependant le terme utilisé juridiquement par les textes relatifs à ce type de lois.par les textes relatifs à ce type de lois.
, 心跳法案（heartbeat bill）或胎兒心跳法案（fetal heartbea … 心跳法案（heartbeat bill）或胎兒心跳法案（fetal heartbeat bill）是美國有關限制堕胎的爭議性法律，只要胚胎或是胎兒可以檢測到心音時，堕胎即屬非法。 北达科他州在2013年通過心跳法案，是第一個通過的州。不過由於1973年美國聯邦最高法院羅訴韋德案的判例，此法案視為違反憲法。有許多州在2018年及2019年提出心跳法案。到2019年5月為止，俄亥俄州、喬治亞州和密蘇里州已通過心跳法案。亚拉巴马州在2019年通過了類似心跳法案，而限制範圍更廣的法案，法案禁止在胎兒的任一階段進行堕胎，而且就算也在禁止範圍內。愛荷華州，肯塔基州和密西西比州的心跳法案都被法院所廢除。根據CNN的報導，心跳法案「（因為羅訴韋德案）可能無法實施，但是堕胎反對者會希望（法案的挑戰）會讓美國聯邦最高法院有一個可以推翻羅訴韋德案的機會」。 自懷孕六至七週起，就可以檢測到胎兒的心音，不過若使用，可能到懷孕12週時都還檢測不到心音。許多女性到最後一次月經之後六週，可能還不知道自己已經懷孕。大部份的女性是在懷孕六週後才進行堕胎。人士認為，配合實務的墮胎情形來看，此法案已經是在「實施層面禁止了大多數情形下的墮胎」。 2021年9月1日，德克萨斯州心跳法案开始生效。施層面禁止了大多數情形下的墮胎」。 2021年9月1日，德克萨斯州心跳法案开始生效。
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Les lois sur les pulsations cardiaques du … Les lois sur les pulsations cardiaques du fœtus (fetal heartbeat bill ou heartbeat bill en anglais) sont des types de lois, aux États-Unis, visant à restreindre la pratique de l'interruption volontaire de grossesse à la période précédant la détection de la première activité cardiaque de l'embryon. Les pulsations cardiaques de l'embryon étant généralement détectées à partir de six semaines de grossesse, ces lois sont de facto des lois anti-avortement.is sont de facto des lois anti-avortement.
, A six-week abortion ban or early abortion … A six-week abortion ban or early abortion ban, called a "heartbeat bill" or "fetal heartbeat bill" by proponents, is a form of abortion restriction legislation in the United States. These bans make abortion illegal as early as six weeks gestational age (two or three weeks into a pregnancy), which is when proponents claim that a "fetal heartbeat" can be detected. Medical and reproductive health experts, including the American Medical Association and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, say that the reference to a fetal heartbeat is medically inaccurate and intentionally misleading because a conceptus is not called a fetus until after ten weeks of pregnancy, before which the proper term is an embryo, as well as that at six weeks the embryo has no heart, which at that stathe embryo has no heart, which at that sta
, 心跳法案（heartbeat bill）或胎兒心跳法案（fetal heartbea … 心跳法案（heartbeat bill）或胎兒心跳法案（fetal heartbeat bill）是美國有關限制堕胎的爭議性法律，只要胚胎或是胎兒可以檢測到心音時，堕胎即屬非法。 北达科他州在2013年通過心跳法案，是第一個通過的州。不過由於1973年美國聯邦最高法院羅訴韋德案的判例，此法案視為違反憲法。有許多州在2018年及2019年提出心跳法案。到2019年5月為止，俄亥俄州、喬治亞州和密蘇里州已通過心跳法案。亚拉巴马州在2019年通過了類似心跳法案，而限制範圍更廣的法案，法案禁止在胎兒的任一階段進行堕胎，而且就算也在禁止範圍內。愛荷華州，肯塔基州和密西西比州的心跳法案都被法院所廢除。根據CNN的報導，心跳法案「（因為羅訴韋德案）可能無法實施，但是堕胎反對者會希望（法案的挑戰）會讓美國聯邦最高法院有一個可以推翻羅訴韋德案的機會」。 自懷孕六至七週起，就可以檢測到胎兒的心音，不過若使用，可能到懷孕12週時都還檢測不到心音。許多女性到最後一次月經之後六週，可能還不知道自己已經懷孕。大部份的女性是在懷孕六週後才進行堕胎。人士認為，配合實務的墮胎情形來看，此法案已經是在「實施層面禁止了大多數情形下的墮胎」。 2021年9月1日，德克萨斯州心跳法案开始生效。施層面禁止了大多數情形下的墮胎」。 2021年9月1日，德克萨斯州心跳法案开始生效。
, حظر الإجهاض بعد الأسبوع السادس من الحمل أو … حظر الإجهاض بعد الأسبوع السادس من الحمل أو حظر الإجهاض المبكر، يطلق عليه المؤيدون له «مشروع قانون نبض القلب» أو «مشروع قانون نبض قلب الجنين»، وهو صيغة من صيغ تشريع القيود على الإجهاض في الولايات المتحدة. يجعل هذا الحظر الإجهاض غير قانوني بعد الأسبوع السادس من الحمل، وهو الوقت الذي يزعم المؤيدون له أنه يمكن فيه سماع «نبضات قلب الجنين». تعتبر جانيت بورتر، ناشطة مناهضة للإجهاض من أوهايو، أول شخص وضع هذا النوع من التشريعات. نجحت جهودها في الحصول على موافقة على قانونها النموذجي في فروع حكومية سياسية في نحو عشر ولايات، لكن المحاكم كانت في معظم الحالات تلغي أو تعيق هكذا تشريع. من ناحية ثانية، فإن قانون تكساس، وما اعتمد لاحقًا من قوانين في ولايات أخرى، نجح بفضل آلية تنفيذ فريدة جعلت من الاعتراض على القانون أمرًا بالغ الصعوبة، وهو ما أيدته المحكمة العليا. أصبح تأثير مشروع قانون نبض القلب في بعض الوصبح تأثير مشروع قانون نبض القلب في بعض الو
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, Heartbeat bill
, 心跳法案
, Loi sur les pulsations cardiaques du fœtus
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