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The Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars (1794–1816) … The Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars (1794–1816) were a series of conflicts where British forces, including armed settlers and detachments of the British Army in Australia, fought against Indigenous clans inhabiting the Hawkesbury River region and the surrounding areas to the west of Sydney. The wars began in 1794, when the British started to construct farms along the river, some of which were established by soldiers. The local Darug people raided farms and murdered settlers until Governor Macquarie dispatched troops from the 46th Regiment of Foot in 1816. These troops patrolled the Hawkesbury Valley and ended the conflict by killing 14 Indigenous Australians in a raid on their campsite. Indigenous Australians led by Pemulwuy also conducted raids around Parramatta during the period between 1795 and 1802. These attacks led Governor Philip Gidley King to issue an order in 1801 which authorised settlers to shoot Indigenous Australians on sight in Parramatta, Georges River and Prospect areas. Many of the Aboriginal nations occasionally allied themselves to the British settlers in order to conquer more land for their tribes, and just as quickly returned to a state of war against the settlers. It was fought using mostly guerrilla-warfare tactics; however, several conventional battles also took place. The engagement resulted in the defeat of the Hawkesbury river and Nepean river Indigenous clans who were subsequently dispossessed of their lands. With the expansion of European settlement, large amounts of land was cleared for farming, which resulted in the destruction of Aboriginal food sources. This, combined with the introduction of new diseases such as smallpox, caused resentment within the Aboriginal clans against the settlers and resulted in violent confrontations, coordinated by men such as Pemulwuy.ions, coordinated by men such as Pemulwuy.
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Total Casualties: ~300 ('conservative estimate')
, Dead: at least 80 confirmed
, Wounded: bare minimum of 74
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http://dbpedia.org/ontology/combatant
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Kingdom of Great Britain(1795–1800)
, Indigenous clans:
, *New South Wales Corps(1801–10)
, * Burraberongal Tribe
, * Tharawal Nation
, Irish-convict sympathisers
, *New South Wales Corps(1795–1800)
, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801–16)
, * Dharug Nation
, * Eora Nation
, * Gandangara Nation
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* Dispossession of land of the indigenous clans
, British victory
, * Legal disputes until 1992Mabo decision
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Combined total force: 3,600
, 2 or morebushrangers
, Burreberongal Tribe (1790–1802) 100+
, About 10+ armed Irish convicts
, Armed settlers: 2,000+
, 46th Regiment of Foot (1814–16): 600+
, New South Wales Corps(1790–1810): 550
, 73rd Regiment of Foot (1810–14): 450
, Indigenous clan numbers: approx. 3,000
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Governor Arthur Phillip speared during a skirmish at Manly .
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Total Casualties: ~300
Dead: at least 80 confirmed
Wounded: bare minimum of 74
, Dead: 80 confirmed
Wounded: +100
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http://dbpedia.org/property/combatant
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Indigenous clans:
* Dharug Nation
* Eora Nation
* Tharawal Nation
* Gandangara Nation
Irish-convict sympathisers
, Kingdom of Great Britain
* New South Wales Corps
* Burraberongal Tribe
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
* New South Wales Corps
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James Wallis
, Lachlan Macquarie
, William Bligh
, Tedbury
, John Hunter
, Woglomigh
, Obediah Ikins
, John Wilson
, William Paterson
, George III
, William Knight
, Philip Gidley King
, Musquito
, Yaragowhy
, Pemulwuy
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Hawkesbury Settlement
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http://dbpedia.org/property/date
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1794
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the Australian frontier wars
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"The Natives of the Hawkesbury... lived on … "The Natives of the Hawkesbury... lived on the wild yams on the banks. Cultivation has rooted out these, and poverty compelled them to steal Indian corn... They [soldiers and settlers] came upon them [natives] unarmed, and unexpected, killed and wounded many more. The dead they hang on gibbets, in terrorem. The war may be universal on the part of the blacks, whose improvement and civilisation will be a long time deferred. The people killed were unfortunately the most friendly of the blacks, and one of them more than once saved the life of a white man." than once saved the life of a white man."
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British victory
* Dispossession of land of the indigenous clans
* Legal disputes until 1992 Mabo decision
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–Rev Thomas Fyshe Palmer
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Indigenous clan numbers: approx. 3,000
, 73
, 2
, 46
, About 10+ armed Irish convicts
, Combined total force: 3,600
, Burreberongal Tribe 100+
, Armed settlers: 2,000+
, New South Wales Corps : 550
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rdfs:comment |
The Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars (1794–1816) … The Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars (1794–1816) were a series of conflicts where British forces, including armed settlers and detachments of the British Army in Australia, fought against Indigenous clans inhabiting the Hawkesbury River region and the surrounding areas to the west of Sydney. The wars began in 1794, when the British started to construct farms along the river, some of which were established by soldiers.ome of which were established by soldiers.
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rdfs:label |
Hawkesbury and Nepean Wars
|