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Like humans and other animals, fish suffer … Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens. Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for commercial food fishes like Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis in salmon and Lactococcosis\Streptococcosis in farmed grey mullet, Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi. Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease.seases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease.
, مثل البشر والحيوانات الأخرى، تعاني الأسماك … مثل البشر والحيوانات الأخرى، تعاني الأسماك من الأمراض والطفيليات. تنقسم دفاعات الأسماك ضد المرض إلى دفاعات محددة وأخرى غير محددة. تشمل الدفاعات غير المحددة الجلد والقشور، بالإضافة إلى الطبقة المخاطية التي يفرزها الجلد التي تحبس الكائنات الحية الدقيقة وتمنع نموها. إذا خرقت ممرضات هذه الدفاعات، يمكن للأسماك تطوير استجابات التهابية تزيد من تدفق الدم إلى المناطق المصابة وتوصل خلايا الدم البيضاء التي تحاول تدمير الممرضات بالمنطقة. الدفاعات النوعية هي استجابات مخصصة للممرضات المحددة المعترف بها من قبل جسم السمكة، وهي الاستجابات المناعية التكيفية. في السنوات الأخيرة، أصبحت اللقاحات مستخدمة على نطاق واسع في الزراعة المائية وأسماك الزينة، على سبيل المثال لقاحات الدرن في فيروس السلمون المزروع وفيروس الهربس في كوي. من الأمثلة علي الأمراض السمكية المهمة تجاريا هو الميخوط الدماغي، وهو من فصيلة الميخوطيات. الميخوط الدماغي، وهو من فصيلة الميخوطيات.
, Fischkrankheiten sind Gegenstand der Fisch … Fischkrankheiten sind Gegenstand der Fischheilkunde und spielen eine Rolle in wildlebenden Fischpopulationen, in der Fischzucht, Aquakultur, Aquaristik und Fischereiwirtschaft. Am bedeutendsten sind dabei Infektionskrankheiten einschließlich der Parasitosen, wasserbedingte Schäden und solche durch Stressfaktoren in den Haltungsbedingungen. Auch Verletzungen, Erbkrankheiten, Missbildungen, und Tumoren kommen bei Fischen vor.Manche Infektionskrankheiten können in der Fischzucht zu Massenverlusten führen. Sie werden dann als Fischseuchen bezeichnet und unterliegen gesetzlichen Maßnahmen nach dem Tiergesundheitsgesetz, speziellen gesetzlichen Verordnungen bzw. der EU-rechtlichen Bestimmungen. In Deutschland sind derzeit vier Fischkrankheiten als anzeigepflichtige Tierseuche eingestuft: Ansteckende Blutarmut der Lachse, infektiöse hämatopoetische Nekrose und virale hämorrhagische Septikämie der Forellen sowie die Koi-Herpesvirusinfektion der Karpfen. Die infektiöse Pankreasnekrose der Salmoniden (IPN) ist meldepflichtig. Zwischen den Abwehrfähigkeiten, den Krankheitserregern und den Lebensbedingungen herrscht ein komplexer Wirkungszusammenhang, der letztlich über den Ausbruch von Infektionskrankheiten entscheidet. Unterschiedliche Faktoren können Stress auslösen. Dazu gehört alles, was Fische in Unruhe versetzt und ihren Lebensrhythmus stört, etwa dauerndes Hantieren im Wasser, aber auch dauernder Wechsel der Hell-Dunkel-Phasen. Als Stressfaktor gelten auch verschlechterte Wasserparameter, wie ein Mangel oder Überangebot an Sauerstoff, zu hoher Gehalt an Ammonium, Nitrit oder CO2, sowie ungünstige pH-Werte, falsche Wassertemperatur, fehlende Versteckmöglichkeiten, falsche Artenwahl, oder zu starke Strömung. Stress schwächt die Abwehrfähigkeit der Tiere. Dadurch können sie kein Immungleichgewicht mit den meist allgegenwärtigen Krankheitserregern aufrechterhalten. Erst dadurch wird aus einer Infektion eine ausbrechende „Krankheit“.r Infektion eine ausbrechende „Krankheit“.
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Cymothoa exigua is a parasitic crustacean which enters a fish through its gills and destroys the fish's tongue.
, Oodinium, a genus of parasitic dinoflagellates, causes velvet disease in fish
, Monogenean parasite on the gill of a grouper
, Philometra fasciati , a roundworm parasitic of the ovary of the blacktip grouper
, This flatfish Limanda limanda has an outgrowth called a xenoma. It is caused by a microsporidian fungal parasite in its intestines.
, Adult Siamese fighting fish with velvet disease
, The isopod Anilocra gigantea parasitising the snapper [Pristipomoides filamentosus]
, This gizzard shad has VHS, a deadly infectious disease which causes bleeding. It affects over 50 species of freshwater and marine fish in the northern hemisphere.
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مثل البشر والحيوانات الأخرى، تعاني الأسماك … مثل البشر والحيوانات الأخرى، تعاني الأسماك من الأمراض والطفيليات. تنقسم دفاعات الأسماك ضد المرض إلى دفاعات محددة وأخرى غير محددة. تشمل الدفاعات غير المحددة الجلد والقشور، بالإضافة إلى الطبقة المخاطية التي يفرزها الجلد التي تحبس الكائنات الحية الدقيقة وتمنع نموها. إذا خرقت ممرضات هذه الدفاعات، يمكن للأسماك تطوير استجابات التهابية تزيد من تدفق الدم إلى المناطق المصابة وتوصل خلايا الدم البيضاء التي تحاول تدمير الممرضات بالمنطقة.لبيضاء التي تحاول تدمير الممرضات بالمنطقة.
, Fischkrankheiten sind Gegenstand der Fisch … Fischkrankheiten sind Gegenstand der Fischheilkunde und spielen eine Rolle in wildlebenden Fischpopulationen, in der Fischzucht, Aquakultur, Aquaristik und Fischereiwirtschaft. Am bedeutendsten sind dabei Infektionskrankheiten einschließlich der Parasitosen, wasserbedingte Schäden und solche durch Stressfaktoren in den Haltungsbedingungen. Auch Verletzungen, Erbkrankheiten, Missbildungen, und Tumoren kommen bei Fischen vor.Manche Infektionskrankheiten können in der Fischzucht zu Massenverlusten führen. Sie werden dann als Fischseuchen bezeichnet und unterliegen gesetzlichen Maßnahmen nach dem Tiergesundheitsgesetz, speziellen gesetzlichen Verordnungen bzw. der EU-rechtlichen Bestimmungen. In Deutschland sind derzeit vier Fischkrankheiten als anzeigepflichtige Tierseuche eingestuft: Ansteckepflichtige Tierseuche eingestuft: Ansteck
, Like humans and other animals, fish suffer … Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens. Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease.seases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease.
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Fischkrankheit
, Fish disease and parasites
, أمراض وطفيليات الأسماك
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, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fish_kill +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Aquaculture_of_salmon +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Diseases +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Salmon +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ciguatera +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sushi +
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