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Environmental impact of fracking in the Un … Environmental impact of fracking in the United States has been an issue of public concern, and includes the contamination of ground and surface water, methane emissions, air pollution, migration of gases and fracking chemicals and radionuclides to the surface, the potential mishandling of solid waste, drill cuttings, increased seismicity and associated effects on human and ecosystem health. Research has determined that human health is affected. A number of instances with groundwater contamination have been documented due to well casing failures and illegal disposal practices, including confirmation of chemical, physical, and psychosocial hazards such as pregnancy and birth outcomes, migraine headaches, chronic rhinosinusitis, severe fatigue, asthma exacerbations, and psychological stress. While opponents of water safety regulation claim fracking has never caused any drinking water contamination, adherence to regulation and safety procedures is required to avoid further negative impacts. As early as 1987, researchers at the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) expressed concern that fracking might contaminate groundwater. With the growth of fracking in the United States in the following years, concern grew. "Public exposure to the many chemicals involved in energy development is expected to increase over the next few years, with uncertain consequences" wrote science writer Valerie Brown in 2007. It wasn't until 2010 that Congress asked the EPA to conduct a full study of the environmental impact of fracking. The study is ongoing, but the EPA released a progress report in December 2012 and released a final draft assessment report for peer review and comment in June 2015. for peer review and comment in June 2015.
, شكل الأثر البيئي للتصديع المائي في الولايا … شكل الأثر البيئي للتصديع المائي في الولايات المتحدة مسألة رأي عام تثير القلق، وهو يشمل تلوث المياه الجوفية والسطحية، وانبعاثات الميثان، وتلوث الهواء، وانتقال الغازات، والتصديع المائي للمواد الكيميائية والنويدات المشعة باتجاه السطح، واحتمال سوء إدارة النفايات الصلبة، ونواتج الحفر، وتزايد قابلية حدوث الزلازل، والآثار المصاحبة المؤثرة على سلامة النظام البيئي وصحة البشر. ولكن هذه المخاوف ناتجة عن الخلط بين التصديع المائي والحفر والإنتاج. مثلًا، لا ينتج التصديع المائي نواتج حفر. خلصت الأبحاث إلى أن صحة البشر تتأثر. وثق عدد من حوادث تلوث المياه الجوفية بسبب أعطال في أغلفة الآبار وممارسات رمي النفايات غير القانونية، بما فيها ما يؤكد على أخطار كيميائية وفيزيائية ونفسية كنتائج الحمل والولادة، وصداع الشقيقة، والتهاب الأنف المزمن، والإرهاق الشديد، وتفاقمات الربو، والإجهاد النفسي. رغم ادعاء مناهضي القوانين الخاصة بسلامة المياه بأن التصديع المائي لم يتسبب قط في تلوث مياه الشرب، فإن الالتزام بالقوانين وإجراءات السلامة ضروري لتجنب المزيد من الآثار السلبية. منذ 1987، عبر الباحثون في وكالة حماية البيئة الأمريكية (إي بّي إيه) عن مخاوفهم من أن التصديع المائي قد يلوث المياه الجوفية. مع نمو التصديع المائي في الولايات المتحدة في السنوات اللاحقة، نمت المخاوف. «يتوقع أن يزداد التعرض العام للمواد الكيميائية العديدة الداخلة في تطوير الطاقة في السنوات القليلة التالية، بآثار غير أكيدة» حسب الكاتبة في مجال العلوم فّاليري براون في عام 2007. أخيرًا في 2010 طلب الكونغرس من وكالة حماية البيئة إجراء دراسة كاملة للأثر البيئي للتصديع. الدراسة ما تزال جارية، ولكن وكالة حماية البيئة أصدرت تقرير تقدم في ديسمبر 2012 ومسودة أخيرة لتقرير التقييم لمراجعة الأقران وتعليقاتهم في يونيو 2015. لمراجعة الأقران وتعليقاتهم في يونيو 2015.
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شكل الأثر البيئي للتصديع المائي في الولايا … شكل الأثر البيئي للتصديع المائي في الولايات المتحدة مسألة رأي عام تثير القلق، وهو يشمل تلوث المياه الجوفية والسطحية، وانبعاثات الميثان، وتلوث الهواء، وانتقال الغازات، والتصديع المائي للمواد الكيميائية والنويدات المشعة باتجاه السطح، واحتمال سوء إدارة النفايات الصلبة، ونواتج الحفر، وتزايد قابلية حدوث الزلازل، والآثار المصاحبة المؤثرة على سلامة النظام البيئي وصحة البشر. ولكن هذه المخاوف ناتجة عن الخلط بين التصديع المائي والحفر والإنتاج. مثلًا، لا ينتج التصديع المائي نواتج حفر. خلصت الأبحاث إلى أن صحة البشر تتأثر. وثق عدد من حوادث تلوث المياه الجوفية بسبب أعطال في أغلفة الآبار وممارسات رمي النفايات غير القانونية، بما فيها ما يؤكد على أخطار كيميائية وفيزيائية ونفسية كنتائج الحمل والولادة، وصداع الشقيقة، والتهاب الأنف المزمن، والإرهاق الشديد، وتفاقمات الربو، والإجهاد النفسي. رغم ادعاء مناهضي القربو، والإجهاد النفسي. رغم ادعاء مناهضي الق
, Environmental impact of fracking in the Un … Environmental impact of fracking in the United States has been an issue of public concern, and includes the contamination of ground and surface water, methane emissions, air pollution, migration of gases and fracking chemicals and radionuclides to the surface, the potential mishandling of solid waste, drill cuttings, increased seismicity and associated effects on human and ecosystem health. Research has determined that human health is affected. A number of instances with groundwater contamination have been documented due to well casing failures and illegal disposal practices, including confirmation of chemical, physical, and psychosocial hazards such as pregnancy and birth outcomes, migraine headaches, chronic rhinosinusitis, severe fatigue, asthma exacerbations, and psychological stress. exacerbations, and psychological stress.
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, Environmental impact of fracking in the United States
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