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Emmanouil Semionovitch Entchmène (en russe … Emmanouil Semionovitch Entchmène (en russe: Эммануил Семенович Енчмен) est un comportementaliste soviétique né en 1891 à Tbilissi et mort en 1966. Pendant la période soviétique, Entchmène est chercheur et fonctionnaire du Parti communiste. Il est l'auteur de la théorie de la "nouvelle biologie" ou de la "physiologie historique" qui devait, selon lui, remplacer la philosophie. En 1923-1924, il est critiqué, notamment par Nikolaï Boukharine, pour son "matérialisme vulgaire".kharine, pour son "matérialisme vulgaire".
, Emmanuil Semenovich Enchmen (1891-1966) wa … Emmanuil Semenovich Enchmen (1891-1966) was a Soviet behaviourist and biologist. He formulated the "Theory of New Biology", often abbreviated TNB, which became popular among the Soviet student youth in the early 1920s. Considered politically, Enchmen's philosophy is an example of ″vulgar materialism″, a term often used by Marxist detractors. It was pejoratively called Enchmenism, especially when coupled and contrasted with the Mininism of and Deborinism of Abram Deborin. Emmanuil was born in 1891 in the Georgian town of Tbilisi into the family of a Jewish timekeeper employed by a construction company. From 1910, Enchmen studied at the St. Petersburg Psycho-Neurological Institute, receiving a degree in biology in 1914. In 1913 he met Ivan Pavlov. Leon Orbeli recalled that Pavlov told him in 1920 that Enchmen "was my best friend from the year 1913". Enchman was drafted into the Russian Imperial Army in 1914, but following the February Revolution of 1917 he joined the Red Army, becoming a member of the Russian Communist Party in 1919, although previously he had been a Socialist Revolutionary. During the Russian Civil War, he applied his knowledge of English and German to agitate amongst foreign troops, and attained the rank of Senior Politruk. He became a protégé of Mikhail Tskhakaya, who sent him to Lenin with a personal letter of introduction. Despite being captured en route, he escaped and delivered the letter. When Pavlov requested to be allowed to emigrate in September 1920, Lenin sent Enchman to see Pavlov. Enchman sent a report to Mikhail Pokrovsky outlining the inadequacy of Pavlov's working circumstances. This was forwarded to Lenin who issued a decree on February 11, 1921, which provided Pavlov with the material aid he needed. In 1923, Nikolai Bukharin declared Enchmen's theory incompatible with what the Bolshevik regime regarded as Marxism, and Enchmen's reputation collapsed. It was only in 1990 that some of his material was republished in Russia. However he had gained the attention of Gregory Razran, a Russian American psychologist who viewed Pavlovian psychology as being incompatible with Marxism-Leninism. In the years after, Enchmen held administrative positions but continued writing on issues related to Marxist philosophy. Following Buharin's fall from power and subsequent execution, Tskhakaya contacted Andrey Andreyevich Andreyev, a member of the politburo, to see if Enchman could recommence with his scientific interests, however this was declined by Stalin. Enchmen rejoined the Red Army with the rank of Senior Politruk, after the USSR was invaded by Germany. However he was discharged in 1942 for health reasons. On January 16, 1943 he was given the position of a senior scientist at the Biological Section of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and on October 13, 1948 he was transferred to the Biophysical Section of the .ferred to the Biophysical Section of the .
, Emmanuil Semjonowitsch Jentschmen (russisc … Emmanuil Semjonowitsch Jentschmen (russisch Эммануил Семёнович Енчмен; * 1891 in Tiflis; † 1966) war ein sowjetischer Philosoph. Jentschmen entwickelte eine „Theorie der neuen Biologie“, die das Verschwinden des Bewusstseins und Denkens im Zusammenhang mit dem Erscheinen des „kommunistischen Systems der organischen Reflexe“ erklärt. Laut der Theorie sei der Mensch nur „ein System organischer Bewegung“, das über rein physiologische Reaktionen verfüge, ohne dass die Psyche dabei eine Rolle spiele. Dieser „Jentschmenismus“ wird als Verbindung der Ideen des Reflexforschers Pawlow, mit dem Kantianismus und Machismus beschrieben. Führende russische Kommunisten widersprachen der Theorie, so Bucharin 1923 in der Zeitung „Rotes Neuland“ unter dem Titel „Jentschmeniada (zur Frage der ideologischen Degeneration)“.ur Frage der ideologischen Degeneration)“.
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Emmanuil Semenovich Enchmen (1891-1966) wa … Emmanuil Semenovich Enchmen (1891-1966) was a Soviet behaviourist and biologist. He formulated the "Theory of New Biology", often abbreviated TNB, which became popular among the Soviet student youth in the early 1920s. Considered politically, Enchmen's philosophy is an example of ″vulgar materialism″, a term often used by Marxist detractors. It was pejoratively called Enchmenism, especially when coupled and contrasted with the Mininism of and Deborinism of Abram Deborin.ninism of and Deborinism of Abram Deborin.
, Emmanouil Semionovitch Entchmène (en russe … Emmanouil Semionovitch Entchmène (en russe: Эммануил Семенович Енчмен) est un comportementaliste soviétique né en 1891 à Tbilissi et mort en 1966. Pendant la période soviétique, Entchmène est chercheur et fonctionnaire du Parti communiste. Il est l'auteur de la théorie de la "nouvelle biologie" ou de la "physiologie historique" qui devait, selon lui, remplacer la philosophie. En 1923-1924, il est critiqué, notamment par Nikolaï Boukharine, pour son "matérialisme vulgaire".kharine, pour son "matérialisme vulgaire".
, Emmanuil Semjonowitsch Jentschmen (russisc … Emmanuil Semjonowitsch Jentschmen (russisch Эммануил Семёнович Енчмен; * 1891 in Tiflis; † 1966) war ein sowjetischer Philosoph. Jentschmen entwickelte eine „Theorie der neuen Biologie“, die das Verschwinden des Bewusstseins und Denkens im Zusammenhang mit dem Erscheinen des „kommunistischen Systems der organischen Reflexe“ erklärt. Laut der Theorie sei der Mensch nur „ein System organischer Bewegung“, das über rein physiologische Reaktionen verfüge, ohne dass die Psyche dabei eine Rolle spiele.e dass die Psyche dabei eine Rolle spiele.
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Emmanuil Enchmen
, Emmanouil Entchmène
, Emmanuil Semjonowitsch Jentschmen
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