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http://dbpedia.org/ontology/abstract Nelle comunicazioni ottiche , il modulatorNelle comunicazioni ottiche , il modulatore elettro-ottico è un dispositivo che viene utilizzato per modulare il fascio di luce. È in linea di principio basato su di un chip che sfrutta l'effetto elettro-ottico, dando luogo ad una modulazione del fascio ottico da cui è attraversato, coerentemente con il segnale elettrico ad alta frequenza [2.5-40 GHz] che viene fornito in ingresso. La modulazione può essere di fase, frequenza o ampiezza.Il modulatore trasforma così l'informazione ad alto bit-rate dal dominio elettrico a quello ottico. Costituisce un elemento di base in una rete in fibra ottica, dove è posto sempre in cascata ad una sorgente (un laser) e serve per modularne la potenza ottica inserendovi l'informazione da trasmettere. Si distingue dal per la diversa tecnologia di base, che penalizza il modulatore elettro-ottico dal punto di vista della compattezza, ma fornisce ad esso una maggiore robustezza alla dispersione cromatica e prestazioni migliori ai bitrate più alti. IBM ha annunciato il 12 maggio 2015 di avere integrato in un unico processore grande quanto un cellulare, il tradizionale transistor al silicio e un chip fotonico che usa (al posto dell'impulso elettrico su piste di rame) fino a quattro raggi laser di "colori" diversi, ciascuno con una velocità fino a 25 Gbps, per un totale di 100 Gbps. Il processore può essere prodotto con gli attuali processi litografici usati per i chip al silicio, ideali per i Big Data e il cloud computing.Intel da Marzo 2014 ha lanciato in commercio i cavi MXC in fibra ottica da connettere alla porta PCI Express con velocità massima fino a 800 Gigabit/secondo simmetrica in down e upload, composti da 4 file di 16 fibre ottiche (800 Gbps ciascuna) e disponibili nelle versioni da 8, 16, 32 e 64 fibre complessive.Ugualmente, Hewlett-Packard Labs hanno in progetto entro il 2017 in versione beta, ed entro il 2019 in versione commerciale, una The Machine basata su ReRAM (memristore in commercio dal 2015 col partner coreano Hynix Semiconductor) e su un nuovo chip fotonico.emiconductor) e su un nuovo chip fotonico. , An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is an optAn electro-optic modulator (EOM) is an optical device in which a signal-controlled element exhibiting an electro-optic effect is used to modulate a beam of light. The modulation may be imposed on the phase, frequency, amplitude, or polarization of the beam. Modulation bandwidths extending into the gigahertz range are possible with the use of laser-controlled modulators. The electro-optic effect is the change in the refractive index of a material resulting from the application of a DC or low-frequency electric field. This is caused by forces that distort the position, orientation, or shape of the molecules constituting the material. Generally, a nonlinear optical material (organic polymers have the fastest response rates, and thus are best for this application) with an incident static or low frequency optical field will see a modulation of its refractive index. The simplest kind of EOM consists of a crystal, such as lithium niobate (LiNbO3), whose refractive index is a function of the strength of the local electric field. That means that if lithium niobate is exposed to an electric field, light will travel more slowly through it. But the phase of the light leaving the crystal is directly proportional to the length of time it takes that light to pass through it. Therefore, the phase of the laser light exiting an EOM can be controlled by changing the electric field in the crystal. Note that the electric field can be created by placing a parallel plate capacitor across the crystal. Since the field inside a parallel plate capacitor depends linearly on the potential, the index of refraction depends linearly on the field (for crystals where Pockels effect dominates), and the phase depends linearly on the index of refraction, the phase modulation must depend linearly on the potential applied to the EOM. The voltage required for inducing a phase change of is called the half-wave voltage. For a Pockels cell, it is usually hundreds or even thousands of volts, so that a high-voltage amplifier is required. Suitable electronic circuits can switch such large voltages within a few nanoseconds, allowing the use of EOMs as fast optical switches. Liquid crystal devices are electro-optical phase modulators if no polarizers are used.hase modulators if no polarizers are used.
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rdfs:comment Nelle comunicazioni ottiche , il modulatorNelle comunicazioni ottiche , il modulatore elettro-ottico è un dispositivo che viene utilizzato per modulare il fascio di luce. È in linea di principio basato su di un chip che sfrutta l'effetto elettro-ottico, dando luogo ad una modulazione del fascio ottico da cui è attraversato, coerentemente con il segnale elettrico ad alta frequenza [2.5-40 GHz] che viene fornito in ingresso. La modulazione può essere di fase, frequenza o ampiezza.Il modulatore trasforma così l'informazione ad alto bit-rate dal dominio elettrico a quello ottico.ate dal dominio elettrico a quello ottico. , An electro-optic modulator (EOM) is an optAn electro-optic modulator (EOM) is an optical device in which a signal-controlled element exhibiting an electro-optic effect is used to modulate a beam of light. The modulation may be imposed on the phase, frequency, amplitude, or polarization of the beam. Modulation bandwidths extending into the gigahertz range are possible with the use of laser-controlled modulators. Liquid crystal devices are electro-optical phase modulators if no polarizers are used.hase modulators if no polarizers are used.
rdfs:label Electro-optic modulator , Modulatore elettro-ottico
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