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L’Économie de Porto Rico traite de la situ … L’Économie de Porto Rico traite de la situation économique de Porto Rico, un territoire des États-Unis non incorporé et qui a un statut de Commonwealth. L'État fut par le passé un territoire très attractif pour les sociétés notamment grâce aux divers avantages fiscaux qu'il offrait aux investisseurs. Cependant en 2006 les crédits d’impôts sont supprimés par le Congrès américain et l’île s'enfonce rapidement dans la récession. Porto Rico est en 2018 dans une situation peu envieuse, depuis 10 ans, près de 400 000 personnes de tout horizon social seraient parties, la pauvreté atteint des sommets, 45 % selon Reuters en 2017, la dette a explosé. Cette dégradation sur le plan économique a valu à Porto Rico le surnom de « Grèce des Caraïbes ». Rico le surnom de « Grèce des Caraïbes ».
, Puerto Rico té una de les més dinàmiques economias del Carib. El sector indústrial va superar l'agricultura com a principal activitat econòmica i font d'ingressos.
, A economia de Porto Rico é uma das mais di … A economia de Porto Rico é uma das mais dinâmicas do Caribe. Seu maior parceiro comercial são os Estados Unidos do qual Porto Rico é um território associado. O país possui uma política de incentivos tributários que motiva as empresas norte-americanas a investir no país. O café e o tabaco são uma das culturas mais importantes, sendo seguido por produtos hortifrutigranjeiros. A agropecuária e a pesca ainda desempenham um importante papel na economia porto-riquenha. As principais indústrias da ilha são as de confecção, de máquinas e o turismo. Porto Rico tem uma das economias mais dinâmicas e diversas da América Latina. Em meados do século XX, a economia portorriquenha estava dominado pela agricultura, especialmente o cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. No entanto, grandes investimentos em infra-estrutura e extensos programas de incentivo conseguiram transformá-la consideravelmente. Desde os anos 1960, têm se estabelecido na ilha numerosas empresas multinacionais das indústrias farmacéutica, eletrônica, têxtil, petroquímica, e, mais recentemente, de biotecnologia. As autoridades tentaram desenvolver o país por meio da indústria de bens de consumo, aproveitando sua disponibilidade de mão-de-obra, mas mercado consumidor reduzido. Esta tentativa, contudo, falhou, com a recuperação dos mercados euruopeus depois da Segunda Guerra Mundial. O governo, na década de 1960, vendo como a ilha se aproximava de uma crise econômica e política, tentou resgatar economia por meia do investimento na indústria petroquímica. Porém, com a elevação dos preços do petróleo realizada pela OPEP, em 1973 (1° Choque do Petróleo), houve um agravamento da crise, levando à revisão do modelo econômico desenvolvido até então. Os governantes lançaram uma terceira alternativa que era a extensão de contribuições das corporações privadas por meio da secção 936 do Código das Rendas Internas. Em 2005, venceu o prazo dado às empresas acolhidas pelo Código de Rendas Internas dos Estados Unidos, secção 936. No entanto, alguns grupos políticos defendem que a crise existente em Porto Rico só se pode resolver por meio de um desenvolvimento integral da economia, que envolva a auto-suficiência agrícola, junto com o desenvolvimento de indústrias de alta tecnologia, mas que contribuam através de impostos. Atualmente as manufaturas e o setor de serviços (incluindo o turismo), têm substituído a agricultura como principal fonte de divisas. Igualmente, a pecuária bovina e produção de laticínios tomaram o lugar da indústria açucareira como setor principal da agropecuária. A economia se desacelerou entre 2001 e 2003, devido à recessão da economia estadunidense. Em 2004, começou a se recuperar. O governo de introduziu mudanças nos sistemas de impostos para normalizar a carga e distribuir mais eqüitativamente entre todos os setores da economia. Exemplo disso é a recente criação de um imposto sobre as vendas e uso (IVU ou "Sales Tax"), que flutuou entre 5.5 e 7% sobre as compras e os serviços durante os primeiros meses do seu estabelecimento, mas que, finalmente, em 2007, foi unificado em 7% em todo o território. O IVU foi estabelecido com o fim de tentar aliviar os problemas fiscais que afetam a ilha e evitar, assim, uma degradação na escala de valorização dos títulos de crédito de Porto Rico, o que encareceria o financiamento de projetos públicos. Este imposto se equilibrou com a eliminação da taxa de 6,6% que se cobrava nos pontos de importação. Isto porque tal sistema tributário não era de todo confiável e era de conhecimento público que não percebia as quantidades que deverian haver entrado ao erário, em sua maior parte por falta de pessoal para levar a cabo inspeções de carga e o tempo que requeria para estas inspeções. Outra razão pela qual se estableceu o novo imposto à venda é o objetivo de reduzir de maneira drástica a tão mencionada "economia subterránea", cujo montante chegou a ser estimado pelo Banco de Desenvolvimento Governamental como, em números, equivalente à economia legal. Ao se requerer o registro de todo comerciante para legalizar a cobrança do IVU, tenta-se reducir a evasão contributiva. Também têm-se instituido outras mudanças, tais como a ampliação dos serviços de eletricidade e água, para reduzir os subsídios ganhos por agências semi-governamentais que os administram baixo monopólio legal. Novamente, a lógica é que estes serviços devem ser financiados a base do consumo, ao invés dos subsídios com fundos públicos, o qual afetava ainda mais o desequilíbrio da carga contributiva da clase asalariada. Uma força econômica do país é a indústria musical. Apesar de ser um empreendimento privado, existem muitos cantores de sucesso oriundos dessa ilha que vendem mundialmente. Daddy Yankee, , , Wisin y Yandel, entre outros tem mercados nos Estados Unidos, México, América Central, América do Sul, França, Espanha e Portugal. O país é o 42º no ranking de competitividade do Fórum Econômico Mundial.ompetitividade do Fórum Econômico Mundial.
, Agli inizi del XX secolo l'economia di Por … Agli inizi del XX secolo l'economia di Porto Rico si basava essenzialmente sull'agricoltura, e in particolar modo era incentrata sulla canna da zucchero, che ne costituiva il raccolto principale. Verso la fine degli anni quaranta una serie di progetti, facenti parte dell'operazione Bootstrap, favorirono la nascita di numerose fabbriche, permettendo all'industria manifatturiera di prevalere sull'agricoltura. Infatti, dopo la grande depressione del 1929 le condizioni economiche di Porto Rico migliorarono nettamente, grazie agli investimenti stranieri nell'industria petrolchimica, farmaceutica e nella ricerca tecnologica. Tali industrie furono inizialmente avvantaggiate dal fatto che beneficiavano di un trattamento particolare da parte delle imposte statunitensi; successivamente si vennero a trovare a competere con le altre industrie di quei paesi economicamente arretrati nei quali non vi è tassazione sui salari. Come conseguenza alcuni imprenditori stranieri rilevarono alcune industrie di Porto Rico per spostarle in altri paesi del centro e sud America o in Asia. Attualmente Porto Rico è soggetto a tutte le leggi e restrizioni commerciali degli Stati Uniti. Nel 2004 il prodotto interno lordo (PIL) pro-capite dei portoricani è stato di 17.700 dollari, cifra che mette in risalto un notevole aumento considerando i 14.412 dollari del 2002, stimati dal censimento sulla popolazione ad opera del Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund. Dallo stesso censimento è emerso che il tasso di povertà si aggirava intorno al 48,2%. In termini di paragone, il Mississippi, lo stato più povero della federazione americana, nel triennio 2002-2004 ha avuto un prodotto interno lordo medio pro-capite di 21.587 dollari. È dal 1952 che questo divario rimane tendenzialmente invariato; ciononostante Porto Rico risulta sempre essere il paese dell'America Latina più sviluppato. Il 1º maggio 2006 il governo portoricano ha dovuto far fronte a un significante deficit monetario, che lo ha costretto a chiudere il Dipartimento dell'educazione e altri 42 enti governativi, nonché tutti i 1.536 istituti scolastici pubblici, per un totale di 95.762 addetti statali mandati a casa in licenza, in quello che è stato il primo crollo parziale del governo nella storia dell'isola. Il 10 maggio 2006 la crisi finanziaria è stata risolta con l'introduzione di una tassa pari all'1% sull'acquisto di qualsiasi bene. Il 15 novembre, per stabilizzare il bilancio, il governo ha dovuto aumentare questa tassa al 5,5% lasciando la possibilità ai singoli comuni di incrementarla ulteriormente dell'1,5% come tassa municipale, fino ad un massimo, quindi, del 7%. Il 1º agosto 2015 il governo portoricano ha dichiarato lo stato di insolvenza.cano ha dichiarato lo stato di insolvenza.
, The economy of Puerto Rico is classified a … The economy of Puerto Rico is classified as a high income economy by the World Bank and as the most competitive economy in Latin America by the World Economic Forum. The main drivers of Puerto Rico's economy are manufacturing, primarily pharmaceuticals, textiles, petrochemicals, and electronics; followed by the service industry, notably finance, insurance, real estate, and tourism. The geography of Puerto Rico and its political status are both determining factors on its economic prosperity, primarily due to its relatively small size as an island; its lack of natural resources used to produce raw materials, and, consequently, its dependence on imports; as well as its relationship with the United States federal government, which controls its foreign policies while exerting trading restrictions, particularly in its shipping industry. At the macroeconomic level Puerto Rico has been experiencing an economic depression for 16 consecutive years, starting in 2006 after a series of negative cash flows and the expiration of the section 936 that applied to Puerto Rico of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code. This section was critical for the economy of the island as it established tax exemptions for U.S. corporations that settled in Puerto Rico and allowed its subsidiaries operating in the island to send their earnings to the parent corporation at any time, without paying federal tax on corporate income. Puerto Rico has, however, surprisingly been able to maintain a relatively low inflation in the past decade. Academically, most of Puerto Rico's economic woes stem from federal regulations that expired, have been repealed, or no longer apply to Puerto Rico; from its inability to become self-sufficient and self-sustainable throughout history; from its highly politicized public policy which tends to change whenever a political party gains power; as well as from its highly inefficient local government which has accrued a public debt equal to 66% of its gross domestic product over time, though despite these issues, the economy continues to gradually strive. In comparison to the different states of the United States, Puerto Rico is poorer than the poorest state of the United States, with 45% of its population living below the poverty line. However, when compared to Latin America, Puerto Rico has the highest GDP per capita in the region. The Commonwealth has a massive bond debt that it is unable to service, $70 billion in early 2017, or $12,000 per capita, at a moment when its unemployment rate (8.0%, October 2018) is more than twice as large as the mainland's. The debt had been increasing during a decade-long recession. It is essential for Puerto Rico to reach restructuring deals with creditors to avoid a bankruptcy-like process under PROMESA. More specifically, Puerto Rico has been in an unusual situation since 2016: its economy is under the supervision of a federal board that is managing finances and helping to get access again to capital markets. The commonwealth has a modern infrastructure, a large public sector, and an institutional framework guided by the regulations of U.S. federal agencies, most of which have an active and continued presence in the island. Its main trading partners are the United States itself, Ireland, and Japan, with most products coming from East Asia, mainly from China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. In 2016, additional trading partners were established, with Singapore, Switzerland and South Korea commencing import trades with Puerto Rico. At a global scale, Puerto Rico's dependency on oil for transportation and electricity generation, as well as its dependency on food imports and raw materials, makes Puerto Rico volatile and highly reactive to changes in the world economy and climate. changes in the world economy and climate.
, صنف البنك الدولي اقتصاد بورتوريكو على أنه … صنف البنك الدولي اقتصاد بورتوريكو على أنه اقتصاد عالي الدخل، أما المنتدى الاقتصادي العالمي فصنفه الاقتصاد الأشد تنافسًا في أمريكا اللاتينية. تدور عجلة اقتصاد بورتوريكو بوساطة التصنيع، وبشكل رئيسي الصناعات الدوائية والمنسوجات والبتروكيماويات والإلكترونيات ومن بعدها قطاع الخدمات والتأمين والتمويل والعقارات والسياحة. يلعب الموقع الجغرافي لبورتوريكو ووضعها السياسي دورًا بارزًا في الازدهار الاقتصادي، ويرجع السبب في ذلك بشكل رئيسي إلى كونها جزيرة بحجم صغير نسبيًا، لكنها تفتقر للموارد الطبيعية الضرورية لإنتاج المواد الخام فتعتمد على الاستيراد، بالإضافة إلى علاقتها بالولايات المتحدة التي تتحكم بسياستها الخارجية وتفرض قيودًا تجارية على صناعة الشحن خصوصًا. على صعيد الاقتصاد الكلي، عانت بورتوريكو من الكساد الاقتصادي لأربعة عشر عامًا على التوالي، وذلك بدءًا منذ عام 2006 بعد تعرضها لسلسلة من التدفقات النقدية السلبية، وانتهاء مدة الفقرة 936 المتعلقة ببورتوريكو من قانون الإيرادات الداخلي للولايات المتحدة. كانت هذه الفقرة ضرورية لاقتصاد الجزيرة لأنها وضعت إعفاءات ضريبية على شركات الولايات المتحدة المستقرة في بورتوريكو وسمحت لشركاتها الثانوية التي تعمل في الجزيرة بإرسال أرباحها إلى الشركة الأم في أي وقت دون دفع الضريبة الفيدرالية على دخل الشركة. على أية حال، من المثير للدهشة أن بورتوريكو تمكنت من الحفاظ على مستوى تضخم منخفض نسبيًا في العقود الماضية. على الصعيد الأكاديمي، تأتي معظم مشاكل بورتوريكو الاقتصادية من التنظيمات الفيدرالية المنتهية الصلاحية أو اللاغية أو التي لم تعد منطبقة على بورتوريكو، ومن عجزها على تحقيق الاكتفاء الذاتي والاستدامة الذاتية على مر التاريخ، ومن سياستها العامة المسيسة للغاية والتي تميل إلى التغيير كلما حصل حزب سياسي على السلطة، ومن حكومتها المحلية ضعيفة الكفاءة التي راكمت الدين العام ليصل إلى غاية 66% من إجمالي ناتجها المحلي على مر الوقت، وعلى الرغم من كل هذه القضايا يستمر اقتصاد بورتوريكو في الازدهار التدريجي. بمقارنة بورتوريكو مع غيرها من الولايات المتحدة، يتبين أنها الأكثر فقرًا بين الولايات الأخرى، ففيها 45% من السكان يعيشون تحت خط الفقر. أما عند مقارنتها بأمريكا اللاتينية فتتميز بورتوريكو بامتلاكها لأعلى إجمالي ناتج محلي للفرد في كل المنطقة، ناهيك عن أنها الاقتصاد الأشد تنافسًا بين منظمة الدول الأيبيرية الأمريكية للتربية والعلم والثقافة متفوقة بذلك على تشيلي وإسبانيا. لدى كومنولث دين سندات كبير خارج عن السيطرة، فبلغ 70 مليار دولار أمريكي في أوائل عام 2017 أو 12 ألف دولار أمريكي لكل فرد، وفي ذاك الحين بلغ معدل البطالة (8.0% في أكتوبر عام 2018) أي ما يتجاوز ضعفي معدل بطالة البر الرئيسي. تزايد الدين على مدار عقد كامل من الركود الاقتصادي الطويل. من الضروري لبورتوريكو أن تجري اتفاقيات إعادة هيكلة مع الدائنين لتتجنب عملية شبيهة بالإفلاس في ظل قانون الإشراف والإدارة والاستقرار في بورتوريكو (بروميسا). في نطاق أكثر تحديدًا، كانت بورتوريكو في وضع غير عادي منذ عام 2016، فاقتصادها تحت إشراف المجلس الفيدرالي الذي يدير الأموال ويساعد في إعادة الوصول إلى أسواق رأس المال. لدى الكومنولث بنية تحتية جديدة وقطاع عام ضخم وإطار عمل مؤسساتي بإشراف تنظيمات الوكالات الفيدرالية للولايات المتحدة التي يتمتع معظمها بوجود نشط ومستمر ضمن الجزيرة. تتشارك بورتوريكو التجارة مع الولايات المتحدة نفسها وجزيرة أيرلندا واليابان، وتأتي معظم منتجاتها من شرق آسيا، وبشكل رئيسي من الصين وهونغ كونغ وتايوان. في عام 2016، شكلت بورتوريكو شراكات تجارية مع سنغافورة وسويسرا وكوريا الجنوبية، فجميعها بدأت بتجارة الاستيراد مع بورتوريكو. أما على الصعيد العالمي، فتعتمد بورتوريكو على النفط من أجل النقل وتوليد الكهرباء، وتعتمد أيضًا على استيراد الأغذية والمواد الخام، وهو ما يجعل بورتوريكو متأرجحة وعرضة للتأثر بتغيرات الاقتصاد العالمي والمناخ.ة للتأثر بتغيرات الاقتصاد العالمي والمناخ.
, La economía de Puerto Rico, estado no miem … La economía de Puerto Rico, estado no miembro de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), es de alto ingreso, según el Banco Mundial. A pesar de su reducida superficie y limitada disponibilidad de recursos naturales que pueden ser explotados económicamente, la productividad de Puerto Rico es excepcionalmente elevada, poseyendo el PIB per cápita nominal más alto de América Latina, unos US$37 700.75 en el 2015, unos US$26 588 en 2011. Según el más reciente Informe de Competitividad Global (2012-2013) del Foro Económico Mundial, Puerto Rico es la economía más competitiva de la esfera iberoamericana. El Estado Libre Asociado (ELA) cuenta con una moderna infraestructura, un amplio sector público y un marco institucional orientado por las regulaciones de las diferentes agencias federales de los Estados Unidos, muchas de las cuales poseen presencia activa y permanente en el archipiélago. El sector financiero es un bloque económico de gran preponderancia para su economía, representando un 5.75 % del Producto Nacional Bruto (PNB) en 2010. Este se halla plenamente integrado al sistema financiero estadounidense, rigiéndose bajo sus regulaciones, siendo parte constitutiva de la jurisdicción del Banco de la Reserva Federal de Nueva York, el responsable de implementar la política monetaria sancionada por los miembros del Consejo de la Reserva Federal en Washington, D.C. en todo el territorio estadounidense. Durante el año fiscal 2012, el Presupuesto Consolidado para el archipiélago, incluyendo las transferencias directas por programas de la Administración de la Seguridad Social (SSA por sus siglas en inglés) de los Estados Unidos y otros incentivos varios, representan 28.7 mil millones de dólares, aproximadamente un 30 % de su PIB. En el 2010, el saldo universal de las transferencias federales alcanzó los $21 710 millones, mientras que la Gobernación manejó fondos por $10 120 millones. Puerto Rico tiene una recesión desde el año 2006, cuando el gobierno de los Estados Unidos ordenó que la Sección 936 del Código de Rentas Internas de los Estados Unidos fuera derogada mediante la ley federal 104-188 del 20 de agosto de 1996 (Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996), que como tal tuvo efecto en el año 2005, pero sus repercusiones se notaron más en el año 2006 en Puerto Rico. La crisis financiera se disparó aún más durante la administración del en aquel entonces gobernador Pedro Rosselló González en el período que constaba de (1993-2000) donde la deuda alcanzó los 10 000 millones de dólares. Durante la Administración de Sila María Calderón (2001-2004) la deuda tuvo un incremento que alcanzó los 10 120 millones de dólares. Luego en la Administración de Aníbal Acevedo Vilá (2005-2008) la deuda subió a 12 990 millones de dólares. Durante el término del exgobernador Aníbal Acevedo Vilá la deuda se duplicó y donde llegó a tener que hasta cerrar el gobierno por un ‘tranque’ de la oposición quien en aquel momento era la mayoría en la legislatura. Acevedo Vilá en un anuncio nacional (comunicado de prensa) anunció el cierre de su gobierno hasta nuevo aviso. “Señoras y Señores legisladores les llegó la hora cero”, señaló Aníbal Acevedo Vilá. Ya para la Administración de Luis Fortuño Burset (2009-2012) la deuda llegó a los 17 828 millones de dólares, la deuda ya se había cuadruplicado. Y durante el último registro que fue al exgobernador Alejandro García Padilla la deuda aumentó en 3697 millones de dólares. Para dicho exgobernador Alejandro García Padilla en el año 2015 había anunciado que la deuda del archipiélago borinqueño era “impagable” donde luego le pidió ayuda al Gobierno de los Estados Unidos durante la administración de Barack Obama. El Congreso de Estados Unidos aprobó la Ley PROMESA la cual estableció una Junta de Supervisión Fiscal Federal. Hoy día la deuda de Puerto Rico alcanzó los 72 000 millones de dólares y según expertos aumentó más durante el paso de los devastadores huracanes Irma y María en el año 2017.res huracanes Irma y María en el año 2017.
, Економіка Пуерто-Рико — це економіка з вис … Економіка Пуерто-Рико — це економіка з високим рівнем доходу і найбільш конкурентна економіка Латинської Америки. Основними рушіями економіки Пуерто-Рико є виробництво, насамперед фармацевтична продукція, текстиль, нафтохімія та електроніка; Далі йде сфера послуг, зокрема фінанси, страхування, нерухомість та туризм. Географія Пуерто-Рико та політичний статус є визначальними факторами економічного процвітання, насамперед через його відносно невеликі розміри острова, нестачу природних ресурсів, що використовуються для виробництва сировини, і, отже, залежність від імпорту; а також її відносини з федеральним урядом США, який контролює свою зовнішню політику, здійснюючи торгові обмеження, особливо у галузі судноплавства.бмеження, особливо у галузі судноплавства.
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, http://dbpedia.org/resource/UNWTO +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Financial_industry_in_Puerto_Rico +
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, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Startup_Weekend +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Church%27s_Chicken +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_government-owned_corporations_of_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Share_taxi +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Medical +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cover-over_subsidies +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Lettuce +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_casinos_in_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Technology +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/No_Child_Left_Behind_Act +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Political_status_of_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Luis_Fortu%C3%B1o +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/ARCOS-1 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Deloitte +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation +
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, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pink_beans +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Suzerainty +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Limited-access_road +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/University_of_Puerto_Rico_School_of_Medicine +
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, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Neolithic_Revolution +
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, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chayote +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Communications_service_provider +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/WLII-TV +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Rain +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Peru +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Transportation_in_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spanish_Broadcasting_System +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Micro-enterprise +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Metropolitan_University_%28Puerto_Rico%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Iraq_War +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Western_Asia +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Petrochemical +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Miami +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Merck_Sharp_&_Dohme +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sewage_treatment +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/United_States_Department_of_Labor +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Oman%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Morales_Carri%C3%B3n_Diplomatic_and_Foreign_Relations_School +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bottled_water +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Labour_economics +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Salmon +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wheat +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Geese +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Taiwan +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/WAPA-TV +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Clothing +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Milla_de_Oro +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dimension_stone +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Shrub +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Political_party_strength_in_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/United_States_Marshals_Service +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Puerto_Rico_Seismic_Network +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Transfer_payments +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Rabbit +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Rye +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29_per_capita +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/San_Juan%2C_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Starch +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Novartis +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Early_Head_Start +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Information_Age +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Achiote +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ricardo_Rossell%C3%B3 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ivax +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tren_Urbano +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/North_America +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Economy_of_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/FIRE_economy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pharmaceutical +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Apparel +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Common_law +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bureau_of_Labor_Statistics +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cat +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Papaya +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Stone +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/State_university +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Puerto_Rico_Telecommunications_Regulatory_Board +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_international_relations_schools +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bahrain +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Computer_science +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Oman +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Carrots +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Money_supply +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Social_Security_Administration +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Geography_of_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/East_Asia +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Marlin +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Canned_tuna +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sawmill +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Burger_King +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Federal_Emergency_Management_Agency +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Developed_country +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/CooperVision +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Patheon +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/SCORE_Association +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/File:Prepa-operating-expenses-fy2013.png +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wendy%27s +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Guinep +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hunter-gatherer +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pumpkin +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/2006_Puerto_Rico_budget_crisis +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Australia%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Commerce_Clause +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Puerto_Rico_Electric_Power_Authority +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sugar_cane +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bell_pepper +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Honduras +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Polytechnic_University_of_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Old_San_Juan +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Management_consulting +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/IOC +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Suiza_Dairy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Highway +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Switzerland +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/U.S._federal_laws +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chile%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Lobster +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Daycare +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Wood +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/North_American_Free_Trade_Agreement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/PricewaterhouseCoopers +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Microsoft +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Interamerican_University_of_Puerto_Rico_School_of_Law +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dairy_cattle +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Liberty_Media +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Telemundo +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Puerto_Rico_municipal_police +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Natural_resource_economics +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tax_exemption +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_radio_stations_in_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Avocado +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/United_States%E2%80%93Colombia_Free_Trade_Agreement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Office_of_the_United_States_Trade_Representative +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Singapore%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Board_of_trustees +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Salt +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/College_Board +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Opportunity_cost +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sweet_potatoes +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Industrial_revolution +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Category:Medical_schools_in_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Western_Europe +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Luis_Mu%C3%B1oz_Mar%C3%ADn_International_Airport +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Grape +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Internal_Revenue_Code +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fiber +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Hoe_%28tool%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cuevas_Las_Cabachuelas +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/ANTILLAS_I +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Federal_Reserve_Bank_of_New_York +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/China +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Welfare_in_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Plantain_%28cooking%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/El_Salvador +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Atlantic_cod +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Maize +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/North_Africa +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tuna +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Duck +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Nuclear_power +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Puerto_Rico_Medical_Emergencies_Corps +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Octopus +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gross_domestic_product +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Rector_%28academia%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/U.S._Department_of_State +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Oceania +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Chicken +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Rivers_of_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/International_organization +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Open_Mobile +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Continental_United_States +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cauliflower +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Federal_Reserve_System +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Bahrain%E2%80%93United_States_Free_Trade_Agreement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Crushed_stone +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Economy_of_the_United_States +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Claro_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Donkey +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Monetary_policy_of_the_United_States +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/U.S._Forest_Service +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/LongHorn_Steakhouse +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Atlantic_hurricane +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Squid +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Raytheon +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Calabash +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Lemon +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fair_Minimum_Wage_Act_of_2007 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Climate +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Walk-in_clinic +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/District_court +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Acerola +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Aguadilla +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Academia_San_Jorge +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Colegio_Marista_Guaynabo +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/PROMESA +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pigeon_peas +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Boston_Consulting_Group +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Popular%2C_Inc. +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Americas_II +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Latvia +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Colegio_San_Ignacio_de_Loyola +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Guatemala +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tidal_power +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Japan +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dropping_out +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Dean_%28education%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Contract +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Parakeet +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Schering_Plough +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Constitutional_law +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Compulsory_education +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Puerto_Rico_Sales_and_Use_Tax +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/The_Mall_of_San_Juan +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pet_industry +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Museo_de_Arte_de_Ponce +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/T-Mobile +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Puerto_Rico_Convention_Center +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Form_W-2 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tamarind +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Africa +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Apple +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Student_strike +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Watermelon +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Science +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Orange_%28fruit%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Government_of_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Grapefruit +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Ostraciidae +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Pineapple +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Catholic_school +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/San_Juan_Port +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Cabotage +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Potatoes +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Guava +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Territorial_Clause +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Baxter_International +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Puerto_Rican_Tests_of_Academic_Achievement +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Culantro +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Garlic +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Fish_farm +
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/averageGrossSalary
|
$25,332 annual
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/balance
|
-0.7
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/caption
|
Milla de Oro in Hato Rey, San Juan
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/cianame
|
puerto-rico
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/country
|
Puerto Rico
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/credit
|
D
, Standard & Poor's
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/currency
|
United States dollar
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/currentAccount
|
0.0
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/date
|
December 2015
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/debt
|
51.6
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/deficit
|
1.1E9
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/edbr
|
65
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/expenses
|
9974000000
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/exportGoods
|
Chemicals, electronics, rum, beverage concentrates, medical equipment, canned tuna, apparel
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/exportPartners
|
1.7
, 3.4
, 1.6
, 6.1
, 76.5
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/exports
|
7.317E10
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/gdp
|
1.1868E11
, 1.3528E11
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/gdpRank
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29 +
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/gini
|
0.537
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/grossExternalDebt
|
5.682E10
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/group
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/World_Bank_high-income_economy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Developed_country +
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/growth
|
−2.7% −4.9%
, −1.1% −0.7%
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/hdi
|
0.845
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/importGoods
|
chemicals, machinery and equipment, food, petroleum products, clothing, fish
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/importPartners
|
55.6
, 2.9
, 6.1
, 13.4
, 2.8
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/imports
|
$43.32 billion CIF
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/industries
|
Pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, tourism
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/inflation
|
1.0
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/labor
|
35.2
, 1097861
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/occupations
|
Transportation and other public utilities: 5.2%
, Services: 29.9%
, Finance, insurance and real estate: 3.7%
, Agriculture: 1.6%
, Government: 23.7%
, Construction and mining: 4.9%
, Manufacturing: 9.2%
, Trade: 21.8%
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/organs
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/HUPU +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/IOC +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Caribbean_Community +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/ITUC +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/UNWTO +
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/perCapita
|
38440.0
, 43820.0
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/perCapitaRank
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28nominal%29_per_capita +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/List_of_countries_by_GDP_%28PPP%29_per_capita +
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/population
|
3195153
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/poverty
|
N/A
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/revenue
|
9268000000
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/section
|
yes
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/sectors
|
services: 49.1%
, agriculture: 0.8%
, industry: 50.1%
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/spelling
|
US
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/unemployment
|
7.7
|
| http://dbpedia.org/property/wikiPageUsesTemplate
|
http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:ITA +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:BEL +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Notelist +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Decrease +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Caribbean_in_topic +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Color +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:USA +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:%27%22 +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Cleanup_rewrite +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:KOR +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:ESP +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:According_to_whom +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Citation_needed +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Infobox_economy +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Years_ago +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:SIN +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:DecreasePositive +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:More_citations_needed_section +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:NLD +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:CHE +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Sidebar_Economy_of_Puerto_Rico +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Short_description +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:See_also +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Puerto_Rico_topics +
, http://dbpedia.org/resource/Template:Dubious-inline +
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The economy of Puerto Rico is classified a … The economy of Puerto Rico is classified as a high income economy by the World Bank and as the most competitive economy in Latin America by the World Economic Forum. The main drivers of Puerto Rico's economy are manufacturing, primarily pharmaceuticals, textiles, petrochemicals, and electronics; followed by the service industry, notably finance, insurance, real estate, and tourism. The geography of Puerto Rico and its political status are both determining factors on its economic prosperity, primarily due to its relatively small size as an island; its lack of natural resources used to produce raw materials, and, consequently, its dependence on imports; as well as its relationship with the United States federal government, which controls its foreign policies while exerting trading restrictiopolicies while exerting trading restrictio
, Puerto Rico té una de les més dinàmiques economias del Carib. El sector indústrial va superar l'agricultura com a principal activitat econòmica i font d'ingressos.
, L’Économie de Porto Rico traite de la situ … L’Économie de Porto Rico traite de la situation économique de Porto Rico, un territoire des États-Unis non incorporé et qui a un statut de Commonwealth. L'État fut par le passé un territoire très attractif pour les sociétés notamment grâce aux divers avantages fiscaux qu'il offrait aux investisseurs. Cependant en 2006 les crédits d’impôts sont supprimés par le Congrès américain et l’île s'enfonce rapidement dans la récession. Porto Rico est en 2018 dans une situation peu envieuse, depuis 10 ans, près de 400 000 personnes de tout horizon social seraient parties, la pauvreté atteint des sommets, 45 % selon Reuters en 2017, la dette a explosé. Cette dégradation sur le plan économique a valu à Porto Rico le surnom de « Grèce des Caraïbes ». Rico le surnom de « Grèce des Caraïbes ».
, صنف البنك الدولي اقتصاد بورتوريكو على أنه … صنف البنك الدولي اقتصاد بورتوريكو على أنه اقتصاد عالي الدخل، أما المنتدى الاقتصادي العالمي فصنفه الاقتصاد الأشد تنافسًا في أمريكا اللاتينية. تدور عجلة اقتصاد بورتوريكو بوساطة التصنيع، وبشكل رئيسي الصناعات الدوائية والمنسوجات والبتروكيماويات والإلكترونيات ومن بعدها قطاع الخدمات والتأمين والتمويل والعقارات والسياحة. يلعب الموقع الجغرافي لبورتوريكو ووضعها السياسي دورًا بارزًا في الازدهار الاقتصادي، ويرجع السبب في ذلك بشكل رئيسي إلى كونها جزيرة بحجم صغير نسبيًا، لكنها تفتقر للموارد الطبيعية الضرورية لإنتاج المواد الخام فتعتمد على الاستيراد، بالإضافة إلى علاقتها بالولايات المتحدة التي تتحكم بسياستها الخارجية وتفرض قيودًا تجارية على صناعة الشحن خصوصًا.تفرض قيودًا تجارية على صناعة الشحن خصوصًا.
, A economia de Porto Rico é uma das mais di … A economia de Porto Rico é uma das mais dinâmicas do Caribe. Seu maior parceiro comercial são os Estados Unidos do qual Porto Rico é um território associado. O país possui uma política de incentivos tributários que motiva as empresas norte-americanas a investir no país. O café e o tabaco são uma das culturas mais importantes, sendo seguido por produtos hortifrutigranjeiros. A agropecuária e a pesca ainda desempenham um importante papel na economia porto-riquenha. As principais indústrias da ilha são as de confecção, de máquinas e o turismo. as de confecção, de máquinas e o turismo.
, La economía de Puerto Rico, estado no miem … La economía de Puerto Rico, estado no miembro de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE), es de alto ingreso, según el Banco Mundial. A pesar de su reducida superficie y limitada disponibilidad de recursos naturales que pueden ser explotados económicamente, la productividad de Puerto Rico es excepcionalmente elevada, poseyendo el PIB per cápita nominal más alto de América Latina, unos US$37 700.75 en el 2015, unos US$26 588 en 2011. Según el más reciente Informe de Competitividad Global (2012-2013) del Foro Económico Mundial, Puerto Rico es la economía más competitiva de la esfera iberoamericana. El Estado Libre Asociado (ELA) cuenta con una moderna infraestructura, un amplio sector público y un marco institucional orientado por las regulaciones de las difeorientado por las regulaciones de las dife
, Економіка Пуерто-Рико — це економіка з вис … Економіка Пуерто-Рико — це економіка з високим рівнем доходу і найбільш конкурентна економіка Латинської Америки. Основними рушіями економіки Пуерто-Рико є виробництво, насамперед фармацевтична продукція, текстиль, нафтохімія та електроніка; Далі йде сфера послуг, зокрема фінанси, страхування, нерухомість та туризм. Географія Пуерто-Рико та політичний статус є визначальними факторами економічного процвітання, насамперед через його відносно невеликі розміри острова, нестачу природних ресурсів, що використовуються для виробництва сировини, і, отже, залежність від імпорту; а також її відносини з федеральним урядом США, який контролює свою зовнішню політику, здійснюючи торгові обмеження, особливо у галузі судноплавства.бмеження, особливо у галузі судноплавства.
, Agli inizi del XX secolo l'economia di Por … Agli inizi del XX secolo l'economia di Porto Rico si basava essenzialmente sull'agricoltura, e in particolar modo era incentrata sulla canna da zucchero, che ne costituiva il raccolto principale. Verso la fine degli anni quaranta una serie di progetti, facenti parte dell'operazione Bootstrap, favorirono la nascita di numerose fabbriche, permettendo all'industria manifatturiera di prevalere sull'agricoltura. Infatti, dopo la grande depressione del 1929 le condizioni economiche di Porto Rico migliorarono nettamente, grazie agli investimenti stranieri nell'industria petrolchimica, farmaceutica e nella ricerca tecnologica. Tali industrie furono inizialmente avvantaggiate dal fatto che beneficiavano di un trattamento particolare da parte delle imposte statunitensi; successivamente si vennero a tatunitensi; successivamente si vennero a
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Економіка Пуерто-Рико
, Economia de Porto Rico
, Economia de Puerto Rico
, Économie de Porto Rico
, Economia di Porto Rico
, اقتصاد بورتوريكو
, Economía de Puerto Rico
, Economy of Puerto Rico
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