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A filosofia islâmica clássica ou filosofia … A filosofia islâmica clássica ou filosofia islâmica antiga constitui-se durante um período de desenvolvimento filosófico intenso, que começa no princípio do século IX e dura até fins do XII. Esse período é conhecido como a Idade de Ouro Islâmica, e suas conquistas tiveram uma grande influência no desenvolvimento da filosofia e da ciência modernas.imento da filosofia e da ciência modernas.
, الفلسفة الإسلامية المبكرة أو الفلسفة الإسل … الفلسفة الإسلامية المبكرة أو الفلسفة الإسلامية الكلاسيكية هي 'فلسفة عهدية' أي مرتبطة بفترة زمنية محددة ويتحدد معنى الفلسفة وتعريفها كذلك بهذا العهد، والإرتباط بفترة زمنية إنما لتسهيل درجة التعقيد، ليس إلا. أما الشرط الثاني فهو من حيث كثافة النشاط الفلسفي. عليه: الفلسفة الإسلامية المبكرة مرحلة من النّماء الفلسفي المُكَثّف بين القرن الثاني الهجري و القرن السادس الهجري. هذا ليس معناه أن المستوطن في مصر من الأمصار الإسلامية تحت حكم ذو طابع ثقافي إسلامي لم يتفلسف ولم يمارس الفلسفة قبل أو بعد هذه الفترة، تماما مثلما أن سد باب الإجتهاد في القرن الرابع الهجري لا يعني إنقطاعه بعد ذلك مطلقا، بل المعنى هو أن الفلسفة لم تُمارس بكثافة وبنفس الحماس والنشاط. في الغالب يشار إلى تلك الفترة بالعصر الذهبي للإسلام مقابل عصر الإنحطاط، وقد كان لإنجازات هذه الفترة أثر عملي على الفلسفة الإسلامية المتأخرة في بعض الأقطار الإسلامية كفارس والهند وعلى فلسفة العصر الوسيط في أوروبا، كما أثرت هذه الإستحقاقات في تطوير الفلسفة الحديثة و على حد سواء.ات في تطوير الفلسفة الحديثة و على حد سواء.
, Filsafat Islam awal atau filsafat Islam kl … Filsafat Islam awal atau filsafat Islam klasik adalah sebuah periode pengembangan filsafat yang bermula pada abad ke-2 Hijriah (awal abad ke-9 Masehi) dan berlangsung sampai abad ke-6 Hijriah (akhir abad ke-12 Masehi). Periode tersebut dikenal sebagai Zaman Keemasan Islamsebut dikenal sebagai Zaman Keemasan Islam
, Early Islamic philosophy or classical Isla … Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and lasting until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE). The period is known as the Islamic Golden Age, and the achievements of this period had a crucial influence in the development of modern philosophy and science. For Renaissance Europe, "Muslim maritime, agricultural, and technological innovations, as well as much East Asian technology via the Muslim world, made their way to western Europe in one of the largest technology transfers in world history.” This period starts with al-Kindi in the 9th century and ends with Averroes (Ibn Rushd) at the end of 12th century. The death of Averroes effectively marks the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School, and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries, namely in Islamic Spain and North Africa, though it persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries, in particular Persia and India where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish: Avicennism, Illuminationist philosophy, Mystical philosophy, and Transcendent theosophy. Some of the significant achievements of early Muslim philosophers included the development of a strict science of citation, the isnad or "backing"; the development of a method of open inquiry to disprove claims, the ijtihad, which could be generally applied to many types of questions (although which to apply it to is an ethical question); the willingness to both accept and challenge authority within the same process; recognition that science and philosophy are both subordinate to morality, and that moral choices should be made prior to any investigation or concern with either; the separation of theology (kalam) and law (shariah) during the early Abbasid period, a precursor to secularism; the distinction between religion and philosophy, marking the beginning of secular thought; the beginning of a peer review process; early ideas on evolution; the beginnings of the scientific method, an important contribution to the philosophy of science; the introduction of temporal modal logic and inductive logic; the beginning of social philosophy, including the formulation of theories on social cohesion and social conflict; the beginning of the philosophy of history; the development of the philosophical novel and the concepts of empiricism and tabula rasa; and distinguishing between essence and existence. Saadia Gaon, David ben Merwan al-Mukkamas, Maimonides, and Thomas Aquinas, were influenced by the Mutazilite work, particularly Avicennism and Averroism, and the Renaissance and the use of empirical methods were inspired at least in part by Arabic translations of Greek, Jewish, Persian and Egyptian works translated into Latin during the Renaissance of the 12th century, and taken during the Reconquista in 1492. Early Islamic philosophy can be divided into clear sets of influences, branches, schools, and fields, as described below., schools, and fields, as described below.
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A filosofia islâmica clássica ou filosofia … A filosofia islâmica clássica ou filosofia islâmica antiga constitui-se durante um período de desenvolvimento filosófico intenso, que começa no princípio do século IX e dura até fins do XII. Esse período é conhecido como a Idade de Ouro Islâmica, e suas conquistas tiveram uma grande influência no desenvolvimento da filosofia e da ciência modernas.imento da filosofia e da ciência modernas.
, Early Islamic philosophy or classical Isla … Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and lasting until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE). The period is known as the Islamic Golden Age, and the achievements of this period had a crucial influence in the development of modern philosophy and science. For Renaissance Europe, "Muslim maritime, agricultural, and technological innovations, as well as much East Asian technology via the Muslim world, made their way to western Europe in one of the largest technology transfers in world history.” This period starts with al-Kindi in the 9th century and ends with Averroes (Ibn Rushd) at the end of 12th century. The death of Averroes effectively marury. The death of Averroes effectively mar
, Filsafat Islam awal atau filsafat Islam kl … Filsafat Islam awal atau filsafat Islam klasik adalah sebuah periode pengembangan filsafat yang bermula pada abad ke-2 Hijriah (awal abad ke-9 Masehi) dan berlangsung sampai abad ke-6 Hijriah (akhir abad ke-12 Masehi). Periode tersebut dikenal sebagai Zaman Keemasan Islamsebut dikenal sebagai Zaman Keemasan Islam
, الفلسفة الإسلامية المبكرة أو الفلسفة الإسل … الفلسفة الإسلامية المبكرة أو الفلسفة الإسلامية الكلاسيكية هي 'فلسفة عهدية' أي مرتبطة بفترة زمنية محددة ويتحدد معنى الفلسفة وتعريفها كذلك بهذا العهد، والإرتباط بفترة زمنية إنما لتسهيل درجة التعقيد، ليس إلا. أما الشرط الثاني فهو من حيث كثافة النشاط الفلسفي. عليه: الفلسفة الإسلامية المبكرة مرحلة من النّماء الفلسفي المُكَثّف بين القرن الثاني الهجري و القرن السادس الهجري. هذا ليس معناه أن المستوطن في مصر من الأمصار الإسلامية تحت حكم ذو طابع ثقافي إسلامي لم يتفلسف ولم يمارس الفلسفة قبل أو بعد هذه الفترة، تماما مثلما أن سد باب الإجتهاد في القرن الرابع الهجري لا يعني إنقطاعه بعد ذلك مطلقا، بل المعنى هو أن الفلسفة لم تُمارس بكثافة وبنفس الحماس والنشاط. في الغالب يشار إلى تلك الفترة بالعصر الذهبي للإسلام مقابل عصر الإنحطاط، وقد كان لإنجازات هذه الفترة أثر عملي على الفلسفة الإسلامية المتأخرة في بعض الي على الفلسفة الإسلامية المتأخرة في بعض ا
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Early Islamic philosophy
, Filosofía islámica antigua
, Filsafat Islam awal
, فلسفة إسلامية مبكرة
, Filosofia islâmica clássica
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